scholarly journals Planned stagnation? The economic plan vs. reality in the Czechoslovak railway sector of the 1970s and 1980s

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Tomáš Nigrin
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
The State ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Economic Plan ◽  
The Real ◽  
Late Socialism ◽  
State Railway

Abstract The article deals with the state of the railway sector in a centrally planned economy in Czechoslovakia in the 1970s and 1980s. It compares the “to-be” position of the Czechoslovak state railway with the real situation in the railway sector. The Czechoslovak railway sector changed a lot during the two analysed decades – it lost its superior position to road transport and showed evident signs of stagnation, even though a big part of economy was dependent on the railway transport. The position of railway transportation had weakened within the two decades and the country lost its stage by stage initiative in modernisation of the railway sector. The railway sector lost its pre-1970s sovereignty in transport and had become more dependent on the general situation of the Czechoslovak economy. It was the reason for stagnation as a result of development of the railway sector in late socialism in Czechoslovakia.

scholarly journals Between Russian and Belarussian: Dialects of Nevel district, Pskov Oblast

Slovene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-320
Author(s):  
Anastasia I. Ryko
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
The Real ◽  
Contemporary State ◽  
The North ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
North Eastern

The article describes the contemporary state of the dialects spoken in the Nevelsky district (Russia, Pskov Province), which is bordering Belarus, in comparison with the north-eastern Belarusian dialects located on the other side of the state border. When establishing the linguistic areas, it was assumed that on one side of this border the dialects would change following the Standard Russian language, while on the other side they would follow Belarusian. However, the real situation is much more complicated: on one hand, some dialectal features disappeared under the influence of the respective standard language; on the other hand, quite often features of both dialects do not correspond to either Standard Russian or Standard Belarusian, and there are existing “Belarusian” features on the territory of Russian dialects.

scholarly journals Economic security in railway transport as an effective component of stable development of railway transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
Larysa Martseniuk ◽  
Oleksandra Kokitko ◽  
Diana Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Private Funding ◽  
Passenger Transportation

The competitiveness of an enterprise in comparison with other entities working with it in the same plane has a significant impact on the results of its activities, including profit. If we talk about railway transport, in the field of providing passenger transportation within the country, then road transport has become a close and fairly significant competitor of railway transport, because the availability of cars to an ordinary citizen, an extensive network of bus routes, competitive cost and speed of delivery of a passenger from point A to point B by road vehicles have significantly weakened the place of rail transport in the passenger transportation market. The following factors negatively influence the volume of passenger transportation by rail in Ukraine: ineffective reforms, their obsolescence and protraction, ineffective industry management system, outdated financial model and tariff setting system. Ensuring a stable, profitable operation of a transport organization by identifying and meeting the needs of passengers to the maximum is the main goal of marketing in the field of passenger transportation. The current tough market conditions for the implementation of financial and economic activities in the field of railway transportation require a change in the policy of using the labor potential of Ukrzaliznytsia in order to increase its financial potential. In the article, the authors, in order to increase the competitiveness of railway transport, note not only on a thorough and large-scale renovation and reconstruction of railway transport infrastructure and rolling stock (with the help of public and private funding), but also the need to determine the needs of the passenger, his hopes and expectations from railway travel (for this it is proposed to create an appropriate marketing service in the structure of the railways, conduct regular surveys of passengers, etc.). The authors consider an increase in the motivation for high-quality performance of official duties by railroad employees as one of the important areas of increasing the competitiveness of rail passenger transportation, because it is they who come into direct contact with passengers and significantly affect the general impression of the passenger from the trip.

scholarly journals МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ ТАРИФООБРАЗОВАНИЯ НА ГРУЗОПЕРЕВОЗКИ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫМ ТРАНСПОРТОМ В ДОНЕЦКОЙ НАРОДНОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Astapova ◽  
L. Skirnevskaya ◽  
V. Krivets
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Economic Method ◽  
Income Approach

В материале статьи на основе анализа результатов финансовохозяйственной деятельности ГП Донецкая железная дорога за 20172018 гг. доказана необходимость изменения методологии тарифообразования для обеспечения рентабельности работы предприятия. Обоснована необходимость отказа от действующего затратного подхода к расчету тарифов на перевозку грузов железнодорожным транспортом в ДНР. Проведена оценка подходов к обоснованию платы за оказание транспортных услуг предприятием железнодорожного транспорта. Обоснована целесообразность использования техникоэкономического метода определения целевой прибыли в процессе реализации доходного подхода к установлению тарифов на железнодорожные перевозки в ДНР. Following the analysis of the financial and economic activity of the State Enterprise Donetsk railway for 20172018, the article proved the necessity of changing the methodology of setting tariffs for providing the profitability of the enterprises activity. The necessity abandoning the current cost approach to the calculation of tariffs for the cargo railway transportation to the DPR was substantiated. An assessment of approaches to the substantiation of fees for the transport services provision by the railway transport enterprise was conducted. The paper substantiated the expediency of using the technical and economic method of determining the target profit in the process of implementing the income approach to the establishment of tariffs for rail transportation in the DPR.

scholarly journals Regions of Russia

Politeja ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5(62)) ◽  
pp. 69-102
Author(s):  
Yuri Solozobov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Third ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article focuses on a possible classification and description of the real situation in the regions of Russia whose developmental trends have not been included so far in the studies about the processes the state really undergoes. The main thesis of the work boils down to stating the extraordinary diversity of the level and type of development of individual subjects of the Federation. A helpful method for describing the state of Russian regions is first and foremost the observation of changes in energy consumption for lighting purposes based on satellite images. The author divides Russia’s socio-regional body into the First Russia (cities populated by more than 500 thousand inhabitants), the Second Russia of smaller cities and towns and the Third Russia – the country’s peripheries. The conclusions of the study are not optimistic as they emphasize the extinction and underdevelopment of most of the state’s territory (representing the Third Russia) accompanied by the unnatural growth of the metropolitan areas, with Moscow and St. Petersburg at the forefront.

scholarly journals Statistics as an Indicator of Maturity of the Authority

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Karmanov
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Current System ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Financial Capacity ◽  
The Government

The author explores the nature of criticism levelled against official Russian statistics. The article reveals the objective reasons behind specific problems associated with collecting primary data. It also demonstrates that cheap political chicanery of some members of the opposition or individual members of the scientific community who bash to attract attention to themselves and with that detriment of the objective need to understand the questions that the general public has for authority.Another aspect of this issue is that often unsubstantiated and unsupported statements referring to Rosstat’s almost deliberate falsifications and misstatements of the real situation deflect attention away from actual problems of statistics’ independence, its organizational and financial support from the state. The author concludes that any allegations against the current system of state statistics severely dent the credibility of the government, that with its own hands preordain financial capacity of statistics and its limits of independence. Therefore, the way authority treat statistics serves as an indicator of its maturity, whereas statistics with its assessments and evaluations should come as close to the truth no matter how unpleasant. So, the heading is a refrain of the whole paper: statistics as amarkof maturity of the authority.

scholarly journals Igreja e estado democrático na sociedade secularizada

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (283) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
Mário De França Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Church And State ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Religious Dimension ◽  
Fourth Part ◽  
Transcendent Reality ◽  
The Church

O objetivo deste estudo é o de pensar a participação da Igreja em nossa sociedade, que tende a subsistir sem referência alguma a uma realidade transcendente. Numa primeira parte o A. situa esta temática no interior da relação entre Igreja e Estado. Em seguida estuda alguns desafios enfrentados hoje pelo Estado numa cultura cada vez mais secularizada e a contribuição que podem oferecer as religiões. Numa terceira parte examina como deve se posicionar a Igreja diante desta sociedade que tende a marginalizar e a desconhecer a dimensão religiosa do ser humano. Numa quarta parte serão abordadas algumas condições para a ação política do cristão. Finalmente, confronta alguns desses dados anteriores com a situação real da Igreja no Brasil.Abstract: The objective of this study is to reflect on the participation of the Church in a society that tends to subsist without any reference to a transcendent reality. In a first part the Author places this issue within the relation between Church and State. Next, he analyses some of the challenges faced today by the State in a culture that is increasingly secularized and the contribution that it may offer to the religions. In a third part, he examines how the Church must position itself before this society that tends to marginalize and to ignore the religious dimension of the human being. In a fourth part, some of the conditions necessary for the Christian’s political action will be looked at. Finally, the A. compares some of these previous data with the real situation of the Church in Brazil.

Chasing Angels: The Sweet Wine Angelica

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
hank shaw
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Sweet Wine ◽  
Made In

Portugal has port, Spain has sherry, Sicily has Marsala –– and California has angelica. Angelica is California's original wine: The intensely sweet, fortified dessert cordial has been made in the state for more than two centuries –– primarily made from Mission grapes, first brought to California by the Spanish friars. Angelica was once drunk in vast quantities, but now fewer than a dozen vintners make angelica today. These holdouts from an earlier age are each following a personal quest for the real. For unlike port and sherry, which have strict rules about their production, angelica never gelled into something so distinct that connoisseurs can say, ““This is angelica. This is not.”” This piece looks at the history of the drink, its foggy origins in the Mission period and on through angelica's heyday and down to its degeneration into a staple of the back-alley wino set. Several current vintners are profiled, and they suggest an uncertain future for this cordial.

The Supply-Demand Research of Cultural and Tourism Industries Policies in China with the Impact of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
Dr. Jianfei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Post Period

COVID-19 has made a bad influence on economic and society including cultural and tourism industry in China，2020.The industry has received a huge loss in the first quarter of the year and the situation is getting worse in the near future. It is believed that there will be a long impact for the country even the world. In order to recover the industry, Chinese government has published series of policies to support the enterprises and clusters to reduce the bad influence of COVID-19. This paper mainly uses filed survey and documentary research to map the real situation of the industry. It tries to find the policy demand of the industries and then analyze the policies published by government to conquer COVID-19. Meanwhile it will focus on whether the supply meet the demand and give suggestions on how to promote the policy efficiency in the post period of COVID-19 in China. Keywords: Evaluation; Cultural Industries; Policy; Park; Pandemic

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