Utilisation of appropriately treated wastewater for some further beneficial purposes: a review of the disinfection method of treated wastewater using UV radiation technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Abraham Amenay Zewde ◽  
Zifu Li ◽  
Lingling Zhang ◽  
Emanuel Alepu Odey ◽  
Zhou Xiaoqin
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
World Population ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Radiation Technology ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Uv Technology

AbstractDue to world population growth, global climate change and the deteriorated quality of water, water supply struggles to keep up the clean water demand to meet human needs. Ultraviolet (UV) technology holds a great potential in advancing water and wastewater treatment to improve the efficiency of safe treatment. Over the last 20 years, the UV light disinfection industry has shown a tremendous growth. Therefore, reuse of wastewater contributes significantly to an efficient and sustainable water usage. Disinfection is a requirement for wastewater reuse due to the presence of a swarm of pathogens (e.g. bacteria, viruses, worms and protozoa) in secondary effluents. UV technology is widely favoured due to its environmentally friendly, chemical-free ability to provide high-log reductions of all known microorganisms, including chlorine-resistant strains such as Cryptosporidium. The UV disinfection process does not create disinfection by-products and unlike the chlorine UV disinfection process, it is not reliant on water temperature and pH. UV disinfection can eliminate the need to generate, handle, transport or store toxic/hazardous or corrosive chemicals and requires less space than other methods. As UV does not leave any residual effect that can be harmful to humans or aquatic life, it is safer for plant operators.

scholarly journals Specificity of UV-C LED Disinfection Efficacy for Three N95 Respirators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Carolina Ontiveros ◽  
David C. Shoults ◽  
Sean MacIsaac ◽  
Kyle D. Rauch ◽  
Crystal L. Sweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Elastic Band ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Uv Technology ◽  
N95 Respirators ◽  
Uv C

Abstract The recent surge in the use of UV technology for personal protective equipment (PPE) has created a unique learning opportunity for the UV industry to deepen surface disinfection knowledge, especially on surfaces with complex geometries, such as the N95 filter facepiece respirators (FFR). The work outlined in this study addresses the interconnectedness of independent variables (e.g., UV Fluence, respirator material) that require consideration when assessing UV light efficacy for disinfecting respirators. Through electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, we characterized respirator filter layers and revealed that polymer type affects disinfection efficacy. Specifically, FFR layers made from polypropylene (PP) (hydrophobic in nature) resulted in higher disinfection efficiency than layers composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET-P) (hygroscopic in nature). An analysis of elastic band materials on the respirators indicated that silicone rubber-based bands achieved higher disinfection efficiency than PET-P bands and have a woven, fabric-like texture. While there is a strong desire to repurpose respirators, through this work we demonstrated that the design of an appropriate UV system is essential and that only respirators meeting specific design criteria may be reasonable for repurposing via UV disinfection.

scholarly journals Specificity of UV-C LED disinfection efficacy for three N95 respirators

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Carolina Ontiveros ◽  
David C. Shoults ◽  
Sean MacIsaac ◽  
Kyle D. Rauch ◽  
Crystal L. Sweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Elastic Band ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Uv Technology ◽  
N95 Respirators ◽  
Uv C

AbstractThe recent surge in the use of UV technology for personal protective equipment (PPE) has created a unique learning opportunity for the UV industry to deepen surface disinfection knowledge, especially on surfaces with complex geometries, such as the N95 filter facepiece respirators (FFR). The work outlined in this study addresses the interconnectedness of independent variables (e.g., UV Fluence, respirator material) that require consideration when assessing UV light efficacy for disinfecting respirators. Through electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, we characterized respirator filter layers and revealed that polymer type affects disinfection efficacy. Specifically, FFR layers made from polypropylene (PP) (hydrophobic in nature) resulted in higher disinfection efficiency than layers composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET-P) (hygroscopic in nature). An analysis of elastic band materials on the respirators indicated that silicone rubber-based bands achieved higher disinfection efficiency than PET-P bands and have a woven, fabric-like texture. While there is a strong desire to repurpose respirators, through this work we demonstrated that the design of an appropriate UV system is essential and that only respirators meeting specific design criteria may be reasonable for repurposing via UV disinfection.

scholarly journals Infectivity of Giardia duodenalis Cysts from UV Light-Disinfected Wastewater Effluent Using a Nude BALB/c Mouse Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Urbano dos Santos ◽  
Delma Pegolo Alves ◽  
Ana Maria Aparecida Guaraldo ◽  
Romeu Cantusio Neto ◽  
Mauricio Durigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The City

Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan of public health interest that causes gastroenteritis in humans and other animals. In the city of Campinas in southeast Brazil, giardiasis is endemic, and this pathogen is detected at high concentrations in wastewater effluents, which are potential reservoirs for transmission. The Samambaia wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the city of Campinas employs an activated sludge system for sewage treatment and ultraviolet (UV) light for disinfection of effluents. To evaluate this disinfection process with respect to inactivating G. duodenalis cysts, two sample types were investigated: (i) effluent without UV disinfection (EFL) and (ii) effluent with UV disinfection (EFL+UV). Nude immunodeficient BALB/c mice were intragastrically inoculated with a mean dose of 14 cysts of G. duodenalis recovered from effluent from this WWTP, EFL, or EFL+UV. All animals inoculated with G. duodenalis cysts developed the infection, but animals inoculated with UV-exposed cysts released a lower average concentration of cysts in their faeces than animals inoculated with cysts that were not UV disinfected. Trophozoites were also observed in both groups of animals. These findings suggest that G. duodenalis cysts exposed to UV light were damaged but were still able to cause infection.

scholarly journals The Effects of Treated Wastewater Concentrations on Germination and Seedling Growth of Different Lentil Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 958-964
Author(s):  
Murat KARAER ◽  
Yusuf Murat KARDES ◽  
Özge Doganay ERBAS KOSE ◽  
Zeki MUT
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
World Population ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Plot Design

Global climate change and rapidly increasing world population has put pressure on fresh water resources and this pressure has pushed the agriculture sector to seek alternative water resources. At the forefront of these sources is treated wastewater. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of treated wastewater levels (Control, 25% treated wastewater, 50% treated wastewater, 75% treated wastewater, 100% treated wastewater), on germination and seedling growth on two different lentil cultivars (Ceren and Ankara yeşili) were investigated. The study was carried out under controlled conditions with 4 replications according to the randomized plot design at the factorial level. As a result of the study, statistically significant differences were observed between the varieties in terms of all characteristics and the best results were obtained from the 75% treated wastewater concentration. It was revealed that the level of treated wastewater increased the germination and seedling growth compared to the control subject.

DISINFEKSI UNTUK PROSES PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Disinfection Process

Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of growth and reproduction. When microorganisms are not removed from drinking water, drinking water usage will cause people to fall ill. Chemical inactivation of microbiological contamination in natural or untreated water is usually one of the final steps to reduce pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. Combinations of water purification steps (oxidation, coagulation, settling, disinfection, and filtration) cause (drinking) water to be safe after production. As an extra measure many countries apply a second disinfection step at the end of the water purification process, in order to protect the water from microbiological contamination in the water distribution system. Usually one uses a different kind of disinfectant from the one earlier in the process, during this disinfection process. The secondary disinfection makes sure that bacteria will not multiply in the water during distribution. This paper describes several technique of disinfection process for drinking water treatment. Disinfection can be attained by means of physical or chemical disinfectants. The agents also remove organic contaminants from water, which serve as nutrients or shelters for microorganisms. Disinfectants should not only kill microorganisms. Disinfectants must also have a residual effect, which means that they remain active in the water after disinfection. For chemical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used such as Chlorine (Cl2),  Hypo chlorite (OCl-), Chloramines, Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), Ozone (O3), Hydrogen peroxide etch. For physical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used is Ultraviolet light (UV). Every technique has its specific advantages and and disadvantages its own application area sucs as environmentally friendly, disinfection byproducts, effectivity, investment, operational costs etc. Kata Kunci : Disinfeksi, bakteria, virus, air minum, khlor, hip khlorit, khloramine, khlor dioksida, ozon, UV.

scholarly journals TESTING OF CHLORELLA/SCENEDESMUS MICROALGAE CONSORTIA FOR REMEDIATION OF WASTEWATER, CO₂ MITIGATION AND ALGAE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY FOR LIPID PRODUCTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judita Koreivienė ◽  
Robertas Valčiukas ◽  
Jūratė Karosienė ◽  
Pranas Baltrėnas
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Algae Biomass

Industry, transport and unsustainable agriculture result in the increased quantity of wastewater, release of nutrients and emission of carbon dioxide that promotes eutrophication of water bodies and global climate change. the application of microalgae for phycoremediation, their biomass use for human needs may increase sustainability and have a positive effect on the regional development. The experiments were carried out in order to establish the feasibility of treating the local municipal wastewater with microalgae consortia and their biomass potential for biofuel production. The results revealed that Chlorella/Scenedesmus consortium eliminated up to 99.7–99.9% of inorganic phosphorus and up to 88.6–96.4% of inorganic nitrogen from the wastewater within three weeks. The ammonium removal was more efficient than that of nitrate. Chlorella algae grew better in diluted, while Scenedesmus – in the concentrated wastewater. The consortium treated wastewater more efficiently than a single species. The maximum biomass (3.04 g/L) of algal consortium was estimated in concentrated wastewater. Algae accumulated 0.65–1.37 g of CO2/L per day in their biomass. Tus, Chlorella/Scenedesmus consortium is a promising tool for nutrients elimination from the local wastewater under the climatic conditions specific to Lithuania. However, none of the two species were able to accumulate lipids under the nitrogen starvation conditions.

New ORP/pH based control strategy for chlorination and dechlorination of wastewater: pilot scale application

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kim ◽  
S. Kwon ◽  
S. Han ◽  
M. Yu ◽  
J. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Excess Amount ◽  
Chlorine Demand

Due to its efficiency and low capital demands, chlorination has been widely used for disinfection in many wastewater treatment plants. Since the oxidation power of free chlorine is bigger than combined chlorines which are formed from the reaction between chlorine and reducing agents in water (especially, NH4+ and organic nitrogen), for effective disinfection, excess amount of chlorine is added until all the reducing agents are oxidized and free chlorine is available. After chlorination, chlorine residues in wastewater are usually reduced with SO2 or sulfites before the treated wastewater is discharged, since they are toxic to aquatic life. Addition of excess amount of SO2 or sulfite should be avoided. Otherwise, they consume dissolved oxygen in a river or stream and may have adverse impact on the aquatic life. Determination of wastewater chlorine demand and of sulfite dosages for dechlorination has been a challenge to WWTP operators, due to the dynamic characteristics of wastewater. Recently, a new ORP/pH based approach to determine chlorine demand and sulfite dosage was proposed. The method utilizes significant points occurring on the pH and ORP profiles during chlorination and dechlorination titrations. In this study, the proposed automatic titration system has been implemented into a control system to optimize chlorine and sulfite doses for a pilot scale chlorination/dechlorination system. In short, the disinfection system with the pH/ORP based controller showed very successful results; complete inactivation of total coliforms, and almost zero residual chlorines and high DO in its effluent.

scholarly journals Outlook on the Role of Microbial Fuel Cells in Remediation of Environmental Pollutants with Electricity Generation

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Ali Yaqoob ◽  
Asma Khatoon ◽  
Siti Hamidah Mohd Setapar ◽  
Khalid Umar ◽  
Tabassum Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
World Population ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Severe Problem

A wide variety of pollutants are discharged into water bodies like lakes, rivers, canal, etc. due to the growing world population, industrial development, depletion of water resources, improper disposal of agricultural and native wastes. Water pollution is becoming a severe problem for the whole world from small villages to big cities. The toxic metals and organic dyes pollutants are considered as significant contaminants that cause severe hazards to human beings and aquatic life. The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is the most promising, eco-friendly, and emerging technique. In this technique, microorganisms play an important role in bioremediation of water pollutants simultaneously generating an electric current. In this review, a new approach based on microbial fuel cells for bioremediation of organic dyes and toxic metals has been summarized. This technique offers an alternative with great potential in the field of wastewater treatment. Finally, their applications are discussed to explore the research gaps for future research direction. From a literature survey of more than 170 recent papers, it is evident that MFCs have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for various pollutants.

Reduced isolation room turnover time using Lean methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1151-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Ankrum ◽  
Smriti Neogi ◽  
Molynda A. Morckel ◽  
Adam W. Wilhite ◽  
Zhaoyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Patient Flow ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Value Stream Mapping ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Isolation Room ◽  
Before And After

AbstractObjective:To prevent environmental transmission of pathogens, hospital rooms housing patients on transmission-based precautions are cleaned extensively and disinfected with ultraviolet (UV) light. To do so consistently requires time and coordination, and these procedures must avoid patient flow delays and associated safety risks. We sought to improve room turnover efficiency to allow for UV disinfection.Design:A 60-day quality improvement and implementation project.Setting:A quaternary academic pediatric referral facility.Interventions:A multidisciplinary healthcare team participated in a 60-day before-and-after trial that followed the Toyota Production System Lean methodology. We used value-stream mapping and manual time studies to identify areas for improvement. Areas addressed included room breakdown, room cleaning, and wait time between cleaning and disinfection. Room turnover was measured as the time in minutes from a discharged patient exiting an isolation room to UV disinfection completion. Impact was measured using postintervention manual time studies.Results:Median room turnover decreased from 130 minutes (range, 93–294 minutes) to 65 minutes (range, 48–95 minutes; P < .0001). Other outcomes included decreased median time between room breakdown to cleaning start time (from 10 to 3 minutes; P = .004), room cleaning complete to UV disinfection start (from 36 to 8 minutes; P < .0001), and the duration of room cleaning and curtain changing (from 57 to 37 minutes; P < .0001).Conclusion:We decreased room turnover time by half in 60 days by decreasing times between and during routine tasks. Utilizing Lean methodology and manual time study can help teams understand and improve hospital processes and systems.

Chemical pretreatment of combined sewer overflows for improved UV disinfection

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gibson ◽  
R. Farnood ◽  
P. Seto
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Cationic Polymers ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sewer Overflows ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Low Charge ◽  
Very High

The aim of this research was to better understand chemical pre-treatment of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) for subsequent ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. Approximately 200 jar tests were completed. Alum (Al2(S04)3·12H2O) resulted in a higher UV light transmission (UVT), and equivalent total suspended solids (TSS) removal, than ferric chloride (FeCl3). An alum dose of 20 mg/L increased the UVT of the raw CSO from 30 to 60% after settling. The addition of 100 mg/L of alum maximized UVT reaching approximately 85%. Flocculation did not increase UVT. However, it did improve the removal of TSS. Cationic polymers worked quickly compared with metal coagulants, but only reached a UVT of 60%. A high positive charge density on the polymer improved the removal of turbidity when compared with low charge, but did not affect UVT. If the goal is to maximise UVT, a very high alum dose may be preferred. If the goal is to minimize coagulant dose with moderate UV performance, cationic polymer at approximately 3 mg/L is recommended.

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