scholarly journals Names, Varieties and Ideologies in Revived Cornish

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Merryn Davies-Deacon
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Language Revival ◽  
Significant Process ◽  
Revival Movement ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The attribution of names is a significant process that often highlights concerns over identity, ideology and ownership. Within the fields of minority languages and Celtic Studies, such concerns are especially pertinent given that the identities in question are frequently perceived as under threat from dominant cultures. The effect of concerns caused by this can be examined with reference to revived Cornish, which became divided into three major varieties in the later twentieth century; by examining the names of these varieties, we can draw conclusions about how they are perceived, or we are invited to perceive them. The motivations of those involved in the Cornish language revival are equally reflected in the names of the organisations and bodies they have formed, which equally contribute to the legitimation of revived Cornish. This paper examines both these categories of name, as well as the phenomenon of Kernowisation, a term coined by Harasta (2013) to refer to the adoption of Cornish personal names, and here extended to the use of Cornish names in otherwise English-language contexts. Examining the names that have been implemented during the Cornish language revival, and the ways in which they are used or indeed refused by those involved, gives us an insight into the various ideologies that steer the revival process. Within the context of the precarious nature of Cornish and Celtic identity, we can identify the concerns of those involved in the Cornish revival movement and highlight the role of naming as an activity of legitimation, showing how the diversity of names that occur reflects an equally diverse range of motivations and influences.

The linguistic capital of contested languages

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Wells
Keyword(s):  
Minority Languages ◽  
Linguistic Capital ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
Language Revival ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Local Languages

Political debate concerning the recognition of regional and minority languages has been the subject of much study in recent years. However, with the focus on separatist and/or nationalist forces, the centre-left has often been overlooked in such studies. In both Asturias in Spain and the Veneto in Italy, centre-left parties have taken a particularly ambivalent approach towards language revival policies, and the ideologies behind this approach merit further study. Drawing particularly on Bourdieu’s work, the author will consider how linguistic hierarchies and linguistic capital are reflected in centre-left discourse and actions concerning the respective local languages. This will shed light on the ambiguous role of the centre-left concerning language policy, and provide further insight into the compatibility of liberal and progressive politics with language revival policies.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

scholarly journals HISTORIES OF MODERN MIGRATION IN EAST ASIA: STUDIES OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-195
Author(s):  
Noriaki Hoshino ◽  
Qian Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
East Asia ◽  
English Language ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Heterogeneous Features

In recent historical studies of modern East Asia, the issue of migration has received increased scholarly attention. This article traces recent historiographical and methodological trends by analyzing influential English-language works on modern East Asian migrations in the first half of the twentieth century. Modern East Asian migrations during this period present dynamic and heterogeneous features as results of modern social transformations, such as the development of global capitalism, national and global economic integration, the emergence of new transportation and communication technology, and the expansion and collapse of the Japanese empire. Accordingly, the historical works on modern East Asian migrations we examine display a variety of historiographical and theoretical approaches. Specifically, this article underscores important trends or comparable emphases in these studies, including the growing scholarly interest in transnational/regional border crossing movements, migrants’ subject formations in the new environments, and the methodological interest in the role of culture, political economy, and the environment. Thus this article offers a reflective overview of the ongoing development of migration studies centering on modern East Asia.

scholarly journals Building intersectoral networks: the role of health brokers in a community health promotion program

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Community Health Promotion ◽  
Network Building ◽  
City District ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background In community health promotion programs (HPP) aiming to improve health and reduce health inequities, health brokers can have a crucial role in building and sustaining intersectoral networks. These networks are pivotal for developing and implementing the HPP. However, the role of health brokers is new and there is little insight into the changes in the networks' size and composition over time and the processes that facilitate brokers' networks. The aim of this study was to map the brokers' network in detail and unravel the barriers and facilitators in network building. Methods To study the brokers' networks in a HPP in a Dutch socioeconomically deprived city district, in October 2017 and November 2019 the Composed Network Analysis (CNA) and the Coordinated Action Checklist (CAC) were used, as part of the action research accompanying the HPP. The CNA provides insight into the size and composition of the network and the CAC explores facilitators and barriers in network building and sustaining. Focus groups with the core network members (n = 6) were held to discuss and interpret results. Results The health brokers' network had expanded from an average of 100 contacts in 2017 to about 140 contacts in 2019. Existing contacts (e.g. social work, welfare work) had been strengthened and new partners, e.g. general practitioners and volunteers joined the network. This resulted in an increased attention for health on the agenda of these organizations and several joint activities as part of the HPP. Facilitators were working on a small scale, informal and formal, and frequent personal contacts. The most important barrier was change of partners. Conclusions The health brokers have been successful in and expanding their networks, putting health on the agenda of network partners and supporting activities. As such, the broker is essential in connecting a diverse range of partners and organizations in an intersectoral network in the city district. Key messages Working on a small scale, and with frequent personal, formal and informal contacts facilitated the health brokers network building and sustaining. A health brokers’ role, being initiator, facilitator and connector is essential for continuation of the community health promotion approach.

Learning English as a Foreign / Second Language: A Critique

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Dr. M. Jyothi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Second Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
Native Speakers Of English

A knowledge of the English Language has become an object of importance in relation to its application in various walks of life. A complete command over the language could be possible where the varied meanings of usage of words, idioms and phrases according to the changing circumstances and situations are comprehensively elucidated to learners. In the twentieth century there is the phenomenon of the native speakers of English being outnumbered by the non-native speakers considerably. There are as many as 1500 millions users of English as a second language. Of these, an estimated 18 million users are in India. The Indian users of English are spread all over India. Though the users of English are spread all over India. English in India has a pan-Indian character. Though the users of English in India make use of the charastic role of English, yet there is no complete homogeneity. The variation in the use of English is partly due to the vast linguistic diversity in the country. It is estimated that there are as many as fifteen major languages and 1652 languages and dialects spoken in India. The ethnic variety of proficiency tend to contribute to the lack of homogeneity in Indians’ use of English. Against this back ground, Indian users of English language, lack intelligibility in communicating English language as it ought to be communicated like native speakers of English. This kind of situations often noticed by the native speakers who claim that they use only Standard English. Standard English is defined by H.C.Wyld as a certain vareity of English “spoken within certain social boundaries, with an extraordinary degree of uniformity, all over the country”. It is neither a regional nor social dialect, but its use confers a social change on the speakers. Every educated Englishmen speak it as it is the widely accepted dialect. It is the English spoken in southern England and it remains to be the language of the cultured and educated people living in south of the River Thames. It is the speech heard among men who have bee

Nanophotonic technologies driving innovations in molecular sensing

Sensor Review ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Robert Bogue
Keyword(s):  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Molecular Sensors ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Reduced Costs ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Purpose This paper aims to provide a technical insight into recent molecular sensor developments involving nanophotonic materials and phenomena. Design/methodology/approach Following an introduction, this highlights a selection of recent research activities involving molecular sensors based on nanophotonic technologies. It discusses chemical sensors, gas sensors and finally the role of nanophotonics in Raman spectroscopy. Brief concluding comments are drawn. Findings This shows that nanophotonic technologies are being applied to a diversity of molecular sensors and have the potential to yield devices with enhanced features such as higher sensitivity and reduced size. As several of these sensors can be fabricated with CMOS technology, potential exists for mass-production and significantly reduced costs. Originality/value This article illustrates how emerging nanophotonic technologies are set to enhance the capabilities of a diverse range of molecular sensors.

scholarly journals The Death and Subsequent Revival of the Cornish Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Kensa Broadhurst
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Language Community ◽  
Vernacular Language ◽  
Language Revival

Cornish is the vernacular language of Cornwall, the most South-Western part of Great Britain. It is widely believed the language died out in the eighteenth century with the death of Dolly Pentreath, the so-called last speaker of the language. What caused the language to become extinct, and why do minority languages fall into disuse? After the subsequent Cornish language revival at the beginning of the twentieth century, what lessons can the language community learn from linguists who have researched language extinction and revival?

scholarly journals Continuity and hybridity in language revival: The case of Manx

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Christopher Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Ideology ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
L1 Norm ◽  
Language Revival ◽  
Revival Movement ◽  
Linguistic Purism ◽  
Prototypical Model

Abstract This article presents a typology of phonological, morphosyntactic, and lexical features illustrative of factors conditioning the usage of speakers and writers of Revived Manx, including substratal influence from English; language ideologies prevalent within the revival movement, especially forms of linguistic purism; and language-specific features of Manx and its orthography. Evidence is taken primarily from a corpus of Revived Manx speech and writing. The observed features of Revived Manx are situated within Zuckermann's (2009, 2020) framework of ‘hybridization’ and ‘revival linguistics’, which takes Israeli Hebrew as the prototypical model of revernacularization of a non-L1 language. However, Manx arguably provides a more typical example of what to expect when a revived minority language remains predominantly an L2 for an indefinite period, with each new cohort of speakers able to reshape the target variety in the absence of a firmly established L1 norm. (Manx, Celtic, language revival, language ideology, language shift, language contact)*

The “Delaware Horror”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis B. Downey
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
The Other ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter provides a case study of a lynching at the other end of the northeastern seaboard: the mass mob execution by burning of George White, an African American, in Wilmington, Delaware, in June 1903. Delaware had been a slave state that did not join the Confederacy, and while it implemented a Jim Crow system similar to those in neighboring lower Mid-Atlantic states Maryland and Virginia, the state experienced less lynching. Delaware's evolving economy and social relations were strongly tied to the rapidly urbanizing regions of southeastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The chapter's analysis of the role of white and black Protestant ministers in the Wilmington mob execution and its aftermath offers significant insight into a well-publicized early-twentieth-century lynching that occurred somewhere between the North and South.

Gender Aspect of Fictional Communication between the Writer and the Reader

10.12737/1251 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Федотова ◽  
Oksana Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Correct Analysis ◽  
Gender Aspect ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

The paper shows that English language narrative discourse is multidimensional and heterogeneous. The author explicitly addresses the reader concerning things that are not directly connected with the fictional reality of the story. The aim of the paper is to analyze gender aspect of fictional communication between the writer and the reader. It’s a fact that the writer may reveal his presence in the narrative irrespective of the time the piece of narrative was written. The main markers are time shift, shift of narrative perspective and the use of maxims. When the author of a narrative text touches upon peculiarities of women’s nature he (she) usually emphasizes their negative sides, such as rivalry, flirtation and so on. When dealing with peculiarities of men’s character the author usually shows positive features such as friendship between man and man, loyalty and many others. Studying the role of the author in the narrative text with the correct analysis of the author’s views, ideas and attitudes may help to get a deeper insight into the way the narrative is structured and model the way in which narrative is formed in the process of creating a work of fiction.

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