Possibility of heat recovery from gray water in residential building

Abstract Recovery of waste heat from gray water can be an interesting alternative to other energy saving systems in a building, including alternative energy sources. Mainly, due to a number of advantages including independence from weather conditions, small investment outlay, lack of user support, or a slight interference with the installation system. The purpose of this article is to present the financial effectiveness of installations which provide hot, usable water to a detached house, using a Drain Water Heat Recovery (DWHR) system depending on the number of system users and the various combinations of bathing time in the shower, which has an influence on the daily warm water demand in each of the considered options. The economic analysis of the adopted installation variants is based on the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) method, which is characterized by the fact that it also includes the operating costs in addition to the capital expenditure during the entire analysis period. For each case, the necessary devices were selected and the cost of their installation was estimated.

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Use of alternative energy sources in protected agriculture

Outlook on Agriculture ◽

10.1177/003072708201100103 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 16-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. Pasternak ◽

E. Rappeport

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Heat Storage ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Space Heating ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Soil Warming ◽

Greenhouse Soil ◽

Geothermal Waters ◽

Water Curtain ◽

Alternative Energy Sources

Low temperature energy sources for protected cropping include geothermal waters, waste heat from Industry, and trapped sunshine; application depends on the recovery of heat from circulating warmed water, either via the soil in which the plants are growing or via the air in the greenhouse. Soil warming pipes and ‘water-curtain’ systems of space-heating have shown promise, but heat storage, either for short periods or longer, remains a problem common to all such schemes.

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Effects of Y, GdCu, and Al Addition on the Thermoelectric Behavior of CoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloys

Metals ◽

10.3390/met8100781 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 781 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wanqing Dong ◽

Zheng Zhou ◽

Lijun Zhang ◽

Mengdi Zhang ◽

Peter Liaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermoelectric Properties ◽

Thermoelectric Materials ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Phonon Scattering ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Second Phase ◽

High Entropy Alloys ◽

High Entropy ◽

Alternative Energy Sources ◽

The Future

Thermoelectric (TE) materials can interconvert waste heat into electricity, which will become alternative energy sources in the future. The high-entropy alloys (HEAs) as a new class of materials are well-known for some excellent properties, such as high friction toughness, excellent fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance. Here, we present a series of HEAs to be potential candidates for the thermoelectric materials. The thermoelectric properties of YxCoCrFeNi, GdxCoCrFeNiCu, and annealed Al0.3CoCrFeNi were investigated. The effects of grain size and formation of the second phase on thermoelectric properties were revealed. In HEAs, we can reduce the thermal conductivity by controlling the phonon scattering due to the considerable complexity of the alloys. The Y, Gd-doped HEAs are competitive candidate thermoelectric materials for energy conversion in the future.

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Critical Analysis of the Current State of Knowledge in the Field of Waste Heat Recovery in Sewage Systems

Resources ◽

10.3390/resources9060072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Beata Piotrowska ◽

Daniel Słyś ◽

Sabina Kordana-Obuch ◽

Kamil Pochwat

Keyword(s):

Critical Analysis ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Current State ◽

Gray Water ◽

Low Efficiency

The need for efficient use of energy and sustainable energy management and the fact that large quantities of heat are deposited in the discharged sewage have contributed to the development of research on waste heat recovery. Gray water began to be seen not just as waste, but also as an alternative source of energy. Research related to the development, improvement, and finally, the popularization of waste energy recovery devices and systems has evolved rapidly over the last two decades. Initially, technologies for gray water reuse were not widely used, which was due to the low efficiency of the current heat exchangers and the significant investment outlays that would have to be covered by potential users. Research conducted by scientists from around the world has allowed us to eliminate construction flaws, improve efficiency, and also provide information on the selection of optimal waste heat recovery technology, depending on the installation conditions and operating parameters. The ability to correctly select the device allows for effective energy collection from gray water, which improves the investment profitability. This paper reviews the research regarding issues related to waste heat recovery from gray water in sewage installations and systems. A critical analysis of the current state of knowledge was carried out with a special consideration to the technologies intended for the residential buildings.

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SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES INDONESIAN WARSHIP PATROL CRAFT 36 CLASS USING LIFE CYCLE COST (LCC) AND TOPSIS (TECHNIQUE FOR ORDER PREFERENCE BY SIMILARITY TO IDEAL SOLUTION)

JOURNAL ASRO ◽

10.37875/asro.v9i1.59 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Ahmadi Ahmadi ◽

Haryanto Wibowo ◽

Okol S Suharyo

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Alternative Energy Sources ◽

Order Preference ◽

Topsis Technique ◽

Benefit Cost ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT Indonesia has abundant natural resources of oil and gas energy. Domestic fuel supply is not entirely fulfilled by domestic oil refineries, almost 20% -30% of domestic oil demand must be imported from abroad. This has an impact on the Navy. Steps to address this problem through switching to the use of alternative energy fuels for the Indonesian warship class Patrol Craft 36. The selection of appropriate alternatives requires analysis of information and identification of alternative fuel requirements to be selected. The approach in this study uses Life Cycle Cost method to see the life cycle cost of alternative and combined TOPSIS (Technique For Order Preference By Similarity To Ideal Solution) approach to other than cost factor, and Benefit Cost Ratio. The result of data processing of alternative energy sources selected is gas, CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) with the value of Benefit Cost Ratio 53,7051 Life Cycle Cost IDR 14,168,302,864. Keywords: Alternative Energy, Life Cycle Cost, TOPSIS.

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30-Year Life Cycle Cost of Solar Based Domestic Hot Water Systems for Ontario

ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Volume 1 ◽

10.1115/es2008-54313 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Gurjot S. Gill ◽

Alan S. Fung

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Heat Recovery ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Hot Water ◽

Domestic Hot Water ◽

On Demand ◽

Gray Water

The heating of water for domestic purposes presently accounts for 24 percent of Canadian residential energy consumption (Natural Resources Canada, 2006). This energy demand is primarily met by conventional sources such as electricity, natural gas and oil. Recent changes in fuel availability and price as well as environmental concerns lead consumers to give further consideration to the use of solar energy for heating water. The objective of this paper is to simulate the different domestic hot water (DHW) systems to examine their fuel consumption, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, life cycle costs and pay back periods. In this case study, seventeen different DHW systems were simulated using TRNSYS as simulation engine. These include solar-based models (with electric and natural gas backup tanks), electric and natural gas tank models (with and without gray water heat recovery), on-demand and combo-boiler systems. This paper will discuss three solar-based systems in detail, however their result comparison with other systems will be discussed. Three different solar-based systems are: I) Solar pre-heat with .56 efficiency natural gas back up tank; II) Solar pre-heat with .94 efficiency electric back up tank; III) Timers (off during peak times 7am till 10 pm) with solar pre-heat and electric (.94 efficiency) secondary. Results indicate that solar alternative having timers with solar pre-heat and electric secondary gives best results in terms of annual fuel consumption ($93) and GHG emissions (266 kg). However on demand modulating gas combo boiler (0.78 efficiency) with gray water heat recovery (0.6 efficiency) has best 30-year life cycle cost ($12332).

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Prospects for greater efficiency in the use of different energy sources

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1977.0139 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 281 (980) ◽

pp. 261-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Alternative Energy Sources ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

The Media

The United Kingdom grows a little more than one half of its food and it is shown that agriculture uses 4 % of national energy to make this unprocessed food available at the farm gate. Small though this may be, it is absolutely vital to British agriculture, for present levels of productivity are highly dependent on its use, principally through the media of mechanization and fertilizers. The prospects for the United Kingdom’s indigenous energy supplies are examined and it is shown that while self-sufficiency seems assured in the 1980s, before the turn of the century we may once again be competing in world markets for scarce and expensive fossil fuels. The prospects for making better use of existing and alternative energy sources in agriculture are discussed. It is shown that conservation measures may be practised in relation to existing energy sources in respect of powered machines, cultivations, drying of crops and glasshouse heating and that there are also possibilities in respect of fertilizers. New and under-used sources considered include solar energy by direct and photosynthetic means (energy crops), crop residues, animal wastes, wind power, industrial waste heat, and geothermal energy, and some examples are given of their application to agricultural systems. Some of these new and under-used sources of energy appear to offer some prospects of supplementing present sources but their future will be critically dependent on the availability and cost of energy from these more conventional sources.

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Recent Progress in Flexible Organic Thermoelectrics

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi9120638 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 638 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Mario Culebras ◽

Kyungwho Choi ◽

Chungyeon Cho

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Waste Heat ◽

High Reliability ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Future Research ◽

World Population ◽

Alternative Energy Sources ◽

Energy Needs ◽

Energy Issues

Environmental energy issues caused by the burning of fossil fuel such as coal, and petroleum, and the limited resources along with the increasing world population pose a world-wide challenge. Alternative energy sources including solar energy, wind energy, and biomass energy, have been suggested as practical and affordable solutions to future energy needs. Among energy conversion technologies, thermoelectric (TE) materials are considered one of the most potential candidates to play a crucial role in addressing today’s global energy issues. TE materials can convert waste heat such as the sun, automotive exhaust, and industrial processes to a useful electrical voltage with no moving parts, no hazardous working chemical-fluids, low maintenance costs, and high reliability. These advantages of TE conversion provide solutions to solve the energy crisis. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress on organic TE materials, focused on polymers and their corresponding organic composites incorporated with carbon nanofillers (including graphene and carbon nanotubes). Various strategies to enhance the TE properties, such as electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient, in polymers and polymer composites will be highlighted. Then, a discussion on polymer composite based TE devices is summarized. Finally, brief conclusions and outlooks for future research efforts are presented.

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An Analysis of Waste Heat Recovery from Wastewater on Livestock and Agriculture Farms

Resources ◽

10.3390/resources9010003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniel Słyś ◽

Kamil Pochwat ◽

Dorian Czarniecki

Keyword(s):

Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat Recovery ◽

Financial Analysis ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Residential Building ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Hot Water ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

The Impact

Agriculture is one of the sectors of the economy in which it is possible to conduct much more rational energy economy. The easiest way to achieve financial savings as well as reduce air pollution is to use waste heat sources. Heat pumps are perfect for this. Particularly favorable is the case when the device can operate in an alternative system and serve both heating and cooling purposes. The purpose of this article was to present possible solutions for installations enabling heat recovery from wastewater to supply agri-breeding farms with hot utility and technological water, a financial analysis of their application, and an assessment of the impact of these solutions on possible reduction of pollutant emissions. The tests were carried out for four variants of cooperation between a heat pump and an exchanger. In the first variant, waste heat was used in the process of heating water used to clean stands and prepare feed. In the second variant, waste heat took part in heating the water used for watering plants. In the third variant, waste heat was used in the process of drying cereals. In turn, in the last variant, waste heat supported the preparation of utility hot water for the breeder’s residential building. The study showed the legitimacy of using thermal energy from liquid manure as a waste heat source on farms and farming. This is mainly due to the short payback period, which can be within 2–4 years. In turn, the analysis of pollution reduction associated with the recovery of waste energy showed that the use of heat pumps allowed a significant reduction in the emission of harmful compounds to the atmosphere, in particular carbon dioxide. It is worth noting that livestock breeding is one of the most important branches of agricultural production not only in Poland but also throughout Europe, Asia and South and North America. For this reason, the use of waste heat-recovery systems enables real savings in the purchase of energy and reduction of pollutant emissions arising during traditional production processes.

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Boosting Ship Efficiency

10.5957/smc-2010-t32 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Oskar Levander

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat Recovery ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Power Demand ◽

Reduce Fuel Consumption ◽

Reduce Emissions ◽

Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽

Propulsion Power

Ship efficiency has become an increasingly important subject for ship designers and owners. Both the predicted high cost of fuel in the future and the need to reduce emissions is driving this strive for improved efficiency. IMO is also seeking measures to reduce the CO2 emissions from ships and their proposed Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) aims at ensuring that future vessels will be more efficient. Two ship concepts, a large RoRo vessel and a Cruise ferry, have been developed to highlight different technologies that can be used to improve efficiency. The designs show that the power demand can be reduced significantly with already basic naval architecture methods. Optimization of main dimensions for life cycle cost rather than building cost alone can give large savings. Also new propulsion concepts, such as triple shaft lines or Wing thrusters yield clear propulsion power savings. Other measures to reduce fuel consumption, such as waste heat recovery and wind power also show big gains.

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