Dynamics of liquid drop on a vibrating micro-perforated plate

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gözde Sarı ◽  
Yasemin Nur Aydın ◽  
Ümü Gülsüm Bilekli ◽  
Mehmet Bartu Göl
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Drop ◽  
Perforated Plate ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Laser Vibrometer ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Atomization Process ◽  
Micro Holes ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Initial Acceleration

Abstract The present work presents the behavior of a liquid drop placed onto a surface of the perforated plate experimentally. Micro holes were created on the brass plate by a laser marking method. The actuator made of brass and piezoelectric discs driven by a sine input voltage, and it bonded rigidly to the perforated plate. This study aimed to reveal the behavior of the drop placed on the perforated plate and the effects of the initial acceleration value on the rate of change in the drop projected area onto the surface. For this purpose, a frequency-response function of the dry micro-perforated plate was measured by a laser vibrometer, and the acceleration distribution was determined on the perforated plate. Further, the drop was excited with five different initial acceleration values, and the drop projected area onto the surface was recorded by a camera during the atomization process. It was observed that droplets were atomized at the air–liquid interface on two sides of the perforated plate. The time-varying function of the drop projected area onto the surface for each initial acceleration value was presented graphically. The polynomial function was fitted to the experimental data points for each acceleration value, and thus the effects of the initial acceleration on the varying drop size were analyzed. The authors emphasized that the drop projected area onto the surface first increased and then decreased during the atomization process. The rate of change in the drop projected area onto the surface increased as the initial acceleration increased. The drop was atomized both by ejecting from the surface and sucking through the holes.

A Computerized Technique of Plotting a Complete Pole Figure by an X-Ray Reflection Method

1971 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
J. J. Klappholz ◽  
S. Waxman ◽  
C. Feng
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Pole Figure ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Reflection Method ◽  
Time Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Present Technique ◽  
Rectangular Coordinates ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Intensity Loss

The technique of plotting a complete pole figure composed of data points in both longitude and latitude from 0 to 180 degrees by a computer program is described. X-ray data were obtained by a reflection method from a specimen cut into three sections mutually perpendicular to one another. The computer program calculates each position in the pole figure based on the time rate of change of the tilt angle ϕ and the spin angle α which are transformed into rectangular coordinates.The advantage of the present technique is to minimize the x-ray intensity loss due to geometric defocusing, since each section of a given specimen is required to tilt not more than 55 degrees. Due to the fact that a complete pole figure is plotted, one is allowed to examine the symmetry or lack of symmetry in a given specimen with respect to a set of references axes.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL ANALYZES OF DATA AND THE PREDICTION ON BVB REGARDING A MILK PRODUCT PROCESSING COMPANY

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ungur ◽  
Despina Maria Bordean ◽  
Luminita Pirvulescu ◽  
I. Gergen
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
Technical Indicators ◽  
Price Data ◽  
Zero Line ◽  
Data Points ◽  
New Type ◽  
Price Movements

The aim of this study is to predict the development of market price movements using the most popular technical indicators on a new type of interpretation. Technical indicators are series of data points derived by applying a formula to the price data of a security what includes any combination of the open, high, low or close prices over a period of time. This analysis can help investors to anticipate what will happen to prices over the time. We study the evolution and prediction for company ALBALACT SA Alba Iulia, symbolized ALBZ which is in Exchange segment RASDAQ, part of BVB. We are proving that a better prediction could be done using a increasing number of indicators, or using statistical analyses of data. For that we are using an indicator named Rate-of-Change (ROC) which is a centered oscillator that fluctuates above and below zero line, completed with MVSP statistical analyze of data in order to predict the evolution of prices.

Interface Instrumentation between Computer and Spectrophotometer for Reaction Rate Measurements

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Clifford Toren ◽  
Arthur A Eggert ◽  
Arletta E Sherry ◽  
G Phillip Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Laboratory Computer ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Software Changes

Abstract An instrument interface which generates an output voltage level proportional to rate of change of an input voltage is described. The interface permits direct connection of routine spectrophotometric rate measurements to a real-time laboratory computer system. The form of the voltage level output enables the computer to read rates in the same manner as peaks are read for AutoAnalyzers, permitting the clinical laboratory LABCOM system to compute and report results for rate methods with no software changes. Spectrophotometric rates from about 10 to 0.025 absorbance units per min can be measured with an accuracy and precision of less than 1% relative in measurement times of about 10 to 30 s, respectively. The interface is readily constructed from commercially available components. Test results are presented for simulated rates, lactic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase.

scholarly journals Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Its Rate of Change in Defining Menopause Transition Stages

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 3958-3964 ◽  
Author(s):  
MaryFran R. Sowers ◽  
Huiyong Zheng ◽  
Daniel McConnell ◽  
Bin Nan ◽  
Sioban Harlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Chronological Aging ◽  
Piecewise Regression ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Acute Increase ◽  
Menopause Transition ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Transition Stages

Context/Objective: The objective of the study was to identify menopause transition stages using acceleration or deceleration patterns of FSH rates of change from the late reproductive years to postmenopause. Setting/Participants: Participants were the Michigan Bone Health and Metabolism Study cohort of 629 women, aged 24–44 yr (in 1992/3), with 5757 annual FSH data points over a 14-yr period. Design/Main Outcome Measures: The study was designed to relate acceleration/deceleration patterns in FSH rate of change to time to final menstrual period (FMP) and chronological age using nonparametric and piecewise regression modeling. Results: Four major FSH stages, based on rate of FSH change patterns, were identifiable in relation to the FMP. In FSH stage 1, the rate of FSH change increased modestly up to −7 yr prior to the FMP; in FSH stage 2 (−7 to −2 yr prior to FMP), there was a major acceleration in FSH rate of change. FSH stage 3 had an acute increase in FSH rate of change (−2 to +1 yr around the FMP), with average FSH level of 34 mIU/ml. The fourth, or plateau, FSH stage began at 1 yr after FMP when the average FSH level was 54 mIU/ml. During the yr 28–60, there were eight age-specific epochs defined by significant changes of FSH trajectory accelerations or decelerations and rate of change. Conclusions: Four menopause transition stages bounding the FMP and eight epochs in chronological aging from age 28 to 60 yr were defined by changes of FSH trajectory accelerations/decelerations and rates of change. This timing information, combined with knowledge of FSH levels and menstrual cycle characteristics, can help discern the likely status of women with respect to their reproductive viability and menopause transition stage.

scholarly journals The high-frequency resistance of multiply-stranded insulated wire

1917 ◽  
Vol 93 (654) ◽  
pp. 468-492 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Usual Method ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Current Frequency ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Very High

Conductors which have to carry high-frequency currents are often made up of a large number of separately insulated fine wires stranded together, with the object of compelling the current to distribute itself over the whole cross-section of the conductor. This may be done for two different reasons: firstly, to decrease the variation of inductance and resistance with change of frequency; and, secondly, to decrease the effective resistance of the conductor at high frequencies. To be effective, it is necessary that every wire should occupy in turn the same relative position in the conductor, so that the electromotive force induced in each wire by the magnetic flux should have the same average value over the whole length of the wire. If every separate wire has the same resistance, the same applied P. D. and the same induced E. M. F., both in amplitude and phase, they will all necessarily carry the same current, and the total current will therefore be uniformly distributed between all the wires. The usual method of obtaining this similarity in the path of every strand is to make a conductor of three, four, or five wires twisted together, and then to twist three such conductors together, and so on until the resulting conductor contains the required number of wires. A large number of such multiple conductors are sometimes plaited or braided into a tubular con­ductor. Two of the individual wires of such a conductor may be in contact, except for the insulation, at a certain point, and then again further on at another point, one wire having followed an internal and the other an external path between the two points. From a knowledge of the current, frequency, and projected area of the loop formed by the two wires, measured normal to the magnetic flux, the E. M. F. induced in the loop can be calcu­lated; thus, if the multiple conductor has a diameter of 1 cm. and is wound into a coil with one turn per centimetre, and if the current is 100 amperes at a frequency of 10 6 , the E. M. F. induced in a loop of 5 sq. cm. is about 20 volts, giving 10 volts between the wires at each point of contact. In circuits containing spark-gaps the rate of change of the current may reach very high values and thus cause much greater potential differences between the separate strands, which must therefore be efficiently insulated to prevent sparking between them.

An Investigation of Ultrasonic Transducer Loading on a Workpiece

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Zennaro ◽  
Alex Haig ◽  
Dan J. O’Boy ◽  
Stephen J. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Laser Vibrometer ◽  
Effective Coupling ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Dry Coupling ◽  
Natural Frequency Analysis ◽  
Thickness Shear

Arrays of dry-coupled thickness-shear transducers are often employed in the guided wave sector to inspect pipelines and plate-like structure. The dry coupling permits to dismiss any coupling material between the transducer and the waveguide, but as a drawback a preload must be applied on the transducers to guarantee an effective coupling between the two surfaces. Although the influence of the preload on the natural frequencies is studied in the literature, the frequency response function of a transducer relating the input voltage to the displacement output is not present in the literature. Moreover, the distribution of force on the backing mass and the effect of the preload on the uniformity of vibration of the transducers are still missing. A natural frequency analysis and a forced analysis are then computed numerically with finite element analysis to quantify the influence of the preload on a thickness-shear transducer. Furthermore, these results are compared with experimental results obtained with a Laser Vibrometer. It is then shown how the geometrical layout of the transducer coupled with the preload influences the vibration of the transducer.

scholarly journals Multi-Scale Representation of Ocean Flow Fields Based on Feature Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Bo Ai ◽  
Decheng Sun ◽  
Yanmei Liu ◽  
Chengming Li ◽  
Fanlin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rough Set Theory ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Evidence Theory ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Flow Field Characteristics ◽  
Data Points

When it comes to feature retention in multi-scale representations of ocean flow fields, not all data points are equal. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of selecting data points based on their importance. First, an autocorrelation analysis is performed on flow speed and the rate of change in flow direction. Then, the magnitude of speed and variation in the rate of change in flow direction are classified. Feature regions are determined according to autocorrelation aggregation and classification analysis. Then, rough set theory and evidence theory are applied, using these results to determine the weights of different points. Finally, these weights are used to construct multi-scale representations of ocean flow fields, which effectively retain flow-field characteristics.

scholarly journals Isothermal and non-isothermal infiltration and deuterium transport: a case study in a soil column from a headwater catchment

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-243
Author(s):  
Martina Sobotková ◽  
Michal Sněhota ◽  
Eva Budínová ◽  
Miroslav Tesař
Keyword(s):  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Perforated Plate ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Water Viscosity ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractIsothermal and non-isothermal infiltration experiments with tracer breakthrough were carried out in the laboratory on one intact column (18.9 cm in diameter, 25 cm in height) of sandy loam soil. For the isothermal experiment, the temperature of the infiltrating water was 20°C to the initial temperature of the sample. For the two non-isothermal experiments water temperature was set at 8°C and 6°C, while the initial temperature of the sample was 22°C. The experiments were conducted under the same initial and boundary conditions. Pressure heads and temperatures were monitored in two depths (8.8 and 15.3 cm) inside the soil sample. Two additional temperature sensors monitored the entering and leaving temperatures of the water. Water drained freely through the perforated plate at the bottom of the sample by gravity and outflow was measured using a tipping bucket flowmeter. The permeability of the sample calculated for steady state stages of the experiment showed that the significant difference between water flow rates recorded during the two experiments could not only be justified by temperature induced changes of the water viscosity and density. The observed data points of the breakthrough curve were successfully fitted using the two-region physical non-equilibrium model. The results of the breakthrough curves showed similar asymmetric shapes under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions.

scholarly journals Noncomprehension Signaling in Males and Females With Fragile X Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1606-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela John Thurman ◽  
Sara T. Kover ◽  
W. Ted Brown ◽  
Danielle J. Harvey ◽  
Leonard Abbeduto
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Purpose This study used a prospective longitudinal design to evaluate the trajectory and predictors of noncomprehension signaling in male and female youth with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Method A direction-following task in which some of the directions were inadequate was administered. Participants were 52 youth (36 boys, 16 girls) with FXS. Upon study entry, participants ranged from 10 to 16 years. The average number of annual assessments per participant was 3.65 (range = 1–4), providing 198 data points for analysis. Results Participants with FXS were less likely to signal noncomprehension than younger, typically developing, cognitively matched children. The average rate of change in noncomprehension signaling was not significantly different from 0 for either boys or girls, suggesting a plateau. Both FMRP and nonverbal IQ were significant independent predictors of noncomprehension signaling for boys. Variability in noncomprehension signaling among girls was not explained by any of the predictors, but trends similar to those observed for boys were observed. Conclusions Noncomprehension signaling appears to be an area of weakness for individuals with FXS. Because the failure to signal noncomprehension can have negative, cumulative effects on comprehension, the results suggest a need for interventions targeting the requisite cognitive skills.

A Preparation of High Resolution Standards for Electron Microscopy. Part II

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Akira Tanaka ◽  
David F. Harling
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Graphitized Carbon Black ◽  
Graphitized Carbon ◽  
Dark Field Imaging ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
Micro Holes

In the previous paper, the author reported on a technique for preparing vapor-deposited single crystal films as high resolution standards for electron microscopy. The present paper is intended to describe the preparation of several high resolution standards for dark field microscopy and also to mention some results obtained from these studies. Three preparations were used initially: 1.) Graphitized carbon black, 2.) Epitaxially grown particles of different metals prepared by vapor deposition, and 3.) Particles grown epitaxially on the edge of micro-holes formed in a gold single crystal film.The authors successfully obtained dark field micrographs demonstrating the 3.4Å lattice spacing of graphitized carbon black and the Au single crystal (111) lattice of 2.35Å. The latter spacing is especially suitable for dark field imaging because of its preparation, as in 3.), above. After the deposited film of Au (001) orientation is prepared at 400°C the substrate temperature is raised, resulting in the formation of many square micro-holes caused by partial evaporation of the Au film.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document