The Course of Enzymatically Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Homogenized Porcine Kidney Tissue

Homogenization of mammalian tissue - exemplified by porcine kidney - causes enzymatically induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes proven by measuring the amounts of the typical lipid peroxidation products 9- and 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid (HODE) either after homogenization in aqueous (activation of enzymes) or an organic (inactivated enzymes) solvent. A kinetic study revealed that the level of the 9- and 13-isomer reached maximum values 6 hours after tissue injury. Within one day the amount of these primary oxidation products was reduced fast, indicating that they undergo degradation in their biological environment. In contrast, the level of 10-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid - obviously derived from LPO of oleic acid - increased continuously even after one day. These observations reflect that the generation and degradation of hydroperoxides occurs at different rates which might be of interest in pathological processes connected with tissue injury, e.g. myocardial infarction.

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Ethane production as a measure of lipid peroxidation after renal ischemia

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1986.251.5.f839 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 251 (5) ◽

pp. F839-F843 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. S. Paller ◽

R. P. Hebbel

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Superoxide Radical ◽

Oxygen Free Radicals ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Renal Ischemia ◽

Radical Scavenger ◽

Base Line ◽

Ethane Production

After renal ischemia, oxygen free radicals are formed and produce tissue injury, in large part, through peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. We used an in vivo method to monitor lipid peroxidation after renal ischemia, the measurement of ethane in expired gas, to determine the time course of lipid peroxidation and the effect of several agents to limit lipid peroxidation after renal ischemia. In anesthetized rats there was no significant increase in ethane production during 60 min of renal ischemia. During the first 10 min of renal reperfusion, there was a prompt increase in ethane production from 2.9 +/- 1.3 to 6.3 +/- 1.9 pmol/min (P less than 0.05). Ethane production was significantly increased during the first 50 min of reperfusion and then rapidly tapered to base-line levels. Preischemic administration of allopurinol to prevent superoxide radical generation or the superoxide radical scavenger superoxide dismutase prevented the increase in ethane production during postischemic reperfusion. These studies confirm that there is increase lipid peroxidation following renal ischemia that can be prevented by agents which limit the formation or accumulation of oxygen free radicals. This in vivo method for measuring lipid peroxidation could also be employed to study the effects of ischemia on lipid peroxidation in other organs, as well as to monitor lipid peroxidation in other forms of injury.

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Structural Lesions on Kidney Biopsy in Youth-Onset and Adult-Onset Type 2 Diabetes

10.2337/figshare.17069885 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Helen C. Looker ◽

Laura Pyle ◽

Tim Vigers ◽

Cameron Severn ◽

Pierre Saulnier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Glomerular Sclerosis ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Adult Onset ◽

Pima Indians

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a leading cause of end stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide. Recent studies suggest a more aggressive clinical course of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in youth-onset than adult-onset T2D. We compared kidney structural lesions in youth- and adult-onset T2D to determine if youth-onset was associated with greater early tissue injury. Methods: Quantitative microscopy was performed on kidney tissue obtained from research kidney biopsies in 161 Pima Indians (117 women, 44 men) with T2D. Onset of T2D was established by serial oral glucose tolerance testing and participants were stratified as youth-onset (<25 years) or adult-onset (≥25 years). Associations between clinical and morphometric parameters and age of onset were tested using linear models. Results: At biopsy, the 52 participants with youth-onset T2D were younger than the 109 with adult-onset T2D (39.1±9.9 vs. 51.4±10.2 years, p<0.0001), but their diabetes duration was similar (19.3±8.1 vs. 17.0±7.8 years, p=0.09). Median urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio was higher in the youth-onset group (58 [25th-75th percentile, 17-470] vs. 27 [13-73] mg/g, p=0.02). Youth-onset participants had greater glomerular basement membrane (GBM) width (552±128 nm vs. 490±114nm, p=0.002) and mesangial fractional volume (0.31±0.10 vs. 0.27±0.08, p=0.001) than adult-onset participants. Percentage glomerular sclerosis, glomerular volume, mesangial fractional volume, and GBM width were also inversely associated with age of diabetes onset as a continuous variable. Conclusion: Younger age of T2D onset strongly associates with more severe kidney structural lesions. Studies are underway to elucidate the pathways underlying these associations.

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The Effect of Zinc and Melatonin Supplementation on Lipid Peroxidation of Various Tissues of Rats with by DMBA-Induced Breast Cancer

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac111.75807588 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 7580-7588

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Cancer Group ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group Control Group

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of zinc and melatonin administration on lipid peroxidation in various tissues in DMBA-induced breast cancer in female rats. A total of 42 recently weaned Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups in the study: Group 1 (Control), Group 2 (DMBA Control), Group 3 (DMBA+Zinc), Group 4 (DMBA+Melatonin), Group 5 (DMBA+Melatonin, and Zinc). MDA (malondialdehyde) and GSH (glutathione) levels were determined via the spectrophotometric method in the lung, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidney tissue samples taken from experimental animals. The highest lung, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidney tissue MDA levels were obtained in the DMBA-induced breast cancer group control group (G2) (p<0.05). MDA levels in DMBA+Zinc (G3), DMBA+Melatonin (G4), and DMBA+Melatonin and Zinc (G5) were significantly lower than group 2 (p<0.05). Similarly, lung, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidney tissue GSH levels of DMBA+Zinc (G3), DMBA+Melatonin (G4), and DMBA+Melatonin and Zinc (G5) were significantly higher than that of Group 2 (p<0.05). The findings of the study indicated that increased lung, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidney damage in DMBA-induced breast cancer is suppressed with the supplementation of zinc, melatonin, and combined zinc and melatonin.

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Temporal induction of clusterin in cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ◽

10.1681/asn.v82302 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 302-305

Author(s):

J R Silkensen ◽

A Agarwal ◽

K A Nath ◽

J C Manivel ◽

M E Rosenberg

Keyword(s):

Serum Creatinine ◽

Time Course ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Outer Medulla ◽

Creatinine Concentration ◽

Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity ◽

Tubular Necrosis ◽

Outer Stripe

Clusterin is a ubiquitous glycoprotein induced in many organs, including the kidney, at times of tissue injury and/or remodeling. It is speculated in this study that clusterin preserves cell interactions that are otherwise perturbed by renal insults. The purpose of this study was to examine clusterin expression after cisplatin nephrotoxicity, a model characterized by a delayed time course of injury and a well-defined site of that injury (proximal tubule). Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with intravenous cisplatin (6 mg/kg) or vehicle. Serum creatinine concentrations were measured and kidneys harvested at 1, 2, and 5 days. Marked induction of clusterin mRNA was seen only at 5 days, a time when serum creatinine concentration was the highest. Histology of kidney tissue 5 days after cisplatin administration revealed marked tubular necrosis localized to the outer stripe of the outer medulla, a region rich in proximal tubules. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization at 5 days demonstrated clusterin primarily in the inner stripe of the outer medulla. In conclusion, expression of clusterin follows renal injury with cisplatin at a time corresponding to the morphologic evidence of tubular necrosis and cell detachment; quite surprisingly, such expression occurs at a site distant from the primary injury.

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Amelioration of ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats by diallylsulfide

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327115583362 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 259-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S Ansar ◽

M Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Treated Group ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Ferric Nitrilotriacetate ◽

Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide Generation

Garlic contains diallylsulfide (DAS) and other structurally related compounds that are widely believed to be active agents in preventing cancer. This study shows the effect of DAS (a phenolic antioxidant used in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products) on ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Male albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 125–150 g were given a single dose of Fe-NTA (9 mg kg−1 body weight, intraperitoneally) after 1 week of treatment with 100 and 200 mg kg−1 DAS in corn oil respectively administered through the gavage. Fe-NTA administration led to 2.5-fold increase in the values of both alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase, respectively, and 3.2-fold increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, microsomal lipid peroxidation to approximately 2.0-fold compared to saline-treated control. The activities of glutathione (GSH) and other antioxidant enzymes decreased to a range of 2.2–2.5-fold. These changes were reversed significantly ( p < 0.001) in animals receiving a pretreatment of DAS. DAS protected against hepatic lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide generation, preserved GSH levels, and GSH metabolizing enzymes to 60–80% as compared to Fe-NTA alone-treated group. Present data suggest that DAS can ameliorate the toxic effects of Fe-NTA and suppress oxidant-induced tissue injury and hepatotoxicity in rats.

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Oxidation of Alkylaromatics

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2007/185364 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

T. S. S. Rao ◽

Shubhra Awasthi

Keyword(s):

Transition Metal ◽

Benzoic Acid ◽

Oxidation Product ◽

Alkali Metals ◽

Oxidation Products ◽

Metal Salts ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Transition Metal Salts ◽

Strong Acids ◽

Primary Oxidation

Hydroperoxide atα-position to the aromatic ring is the primary oxidation product formed. In all cases monoalkylbenzenes lead to the formation of benzoic acid. Oxidation in the presence of transition metal salts not only accelerate but also selectively decompose the hydroperoxides. Alkyl naphthalenes mainly produce the corresponding naphthalene carboxylic acids. Hock-rearrangement by the influence of strong acids converts the hydroperoxides to hemiacetals. Peresters formed from the hydroperoxides undergo Criegee rearrangement easily. Alkali metals accelerate the oxidation while CO2as co-oxidant enhances the selectivity. Microwave conditions give improved yields of the oxidation products.

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Comparative study of microbiological, chemical and sensory properties of kefirs produced in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029915000710 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 89-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dea Anton ◽

Piret Raudsepp ◽

Mati Roasto ◽

Kadrin Meremäe ◽

Sirje Kuusik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Ion Trap ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Principal Component ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Starter Cultures ◽

Oxidation Products ◽

Total Bacterial Count ◽

Codex Standard ◽

Primary Oxidation

In the current study the microbiological, sensory and chemical properties of 24 kefirs (12 producers) from Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian retail market were determined using gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS/MS-Q-TOF and LC-ion trap MS/MS), spectrophotometry and other methods. Antihypertensive, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting, antioxidant and antibacterial peptides were found in the kefir samples. According to the results of principal component analysis of 200 most abundant compounds obtained with HPLC-MS/MS-Q-TOF analysis, Estonian kefirs differed from the rest. Kefirs of Latvian and Lithuanian origin showed similarities in several characteristics, probably related to the starter cultures and technological processes. The fatty acids composition of all Baltic kefirs was uniform. The antioxidant capacity of the kefirs varied slightly, whereas intermediate positive correlation (r= 0·32,P< 0·05) was found between antioxidativity and total bacterial count. The lipid oxidation level, estimated as the content of linoleic and oleic acid primary oxidation products, oxylipins, was very low in all studied kefirs. Only one third of analysed kefirs met the requirements of the minimum sum of viable microorganisms, indicated in the Codex Standard for Fermented Milks.

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Determination of tissue injury thresholds from ultrasound in a porcine kidney model

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ◽

10.1121/1.4805956 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 133 (5) ◽

pp. 3411-3411 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yak-Nam Wang ◽

Julianna C. Simon ◽

Bryan W. Cunitz ◽

Frank L. Starr ◽

Marla Paun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Injury ◽

Porcine Kidney

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P0529THE DIFFERENCE IN DIETARY RESTRICTION-INDUCED NEPHROPROTECTIVE MECHANISMS IN YOUNG AND OLD ANIMALS

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0529 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Nadezda Andrianova ◽

Ljubava Zorova ◽

Irina Pevzner ◽

Vasily Popkov ◽

Denis Silachev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Dietary Restriction ◽

Kidney Tissue ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Male Rats ◽

Kidney Cells ◽

Lipid Peroxidation Products ◽

Kidney Slices ◽

Young Rats ◽

Old Rats

Abstract Background and Aims Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a widespread disease affecting mostly old people. Dietary restriction (DR), based on the reduction of food intake, is believed to be one of the most efficient approaches ameliorating damage in different pathological conditions including age-associated diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the protective mechanisms of DR in the model of AKI in young and old rats. Method All experiments were made on young (3-4 months) and old (22-24 months) male rats. DR was performed by limiting the amount of food for 35% of the ad libitum (AL) daily intake. Since earlier, we showed ineffectiveness of 4-weeks DR in old rats, in this study we applied 35% DR lasting 8 weeks for old rats and 4 weeks for young rats. During DR, we registered the weight loss and measured the level of adiponectin, as this hormone is closely associated with adipose tissue metabolism. Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) was used as a model of ischemic AKI. I/R was performed by clamping the left renal pedicle for 40 minutes followed by reperfusion with simultaneous contralateral nephrectomy. The severity of AKI was evaluated by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr) and the levels of protein biomarkers of AKI (NGAL and L-FABP) in urine. Proliferation in kidney epithelium in response to I/R was analyzed by PCNA protein level in kidney tissue. We evaluated the function of mitochondria by measuring TMRE/MitoTracker Green ratio in vital kidney slices; in kidney homogenates, we also analyzed levels of Bcl-XL and Bcl-XS proteins. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated by staining vital kidney slices with DCF. The content of lipid peroxidation products was measured using Image-iT Lipid Peroxidation Kit, and the level of carbonylated proteins was determined by OxyBlot Protein Oxidation Detection Kit. The activation of autophagic-lysosomal system was estimated by western blotting to LC3 II/LC3 I ratio and LAMP1 level, as well as by staining vital kidney slices with LysoTracker Green probe. Results The body weight of rats during DR dropped as far as 20% by the end of 4 weeks in young rats and 30% by the end of 8 weeks in old rats. Nevertheless, adiponectin concentration elevated during DR only in the serum of young rats. DR strongly influenced mitochondria function, in particular, elevated mitochondrial membrane potential both in kidney cells of young and old rats. DR also resulted in increasing the Bcl-XL level. We revealed the decrease of ROS and lipid peroxidation products in vital kidney slices, but only in kidneys of young rats. However, DR reduced the content of carbonyl groups more than 2 times in animals of both ages. We showed that activation of autophagy in response to DR and I/R occurred only in the kidneys of young rats, indicating deterioration of autophagy signaling in old animals. We also found that 48 h after I/R PCNA level increased 19 times in young kidney, although old rats showed only 4-fold elevation of kidney cells proliferation. Estimation of kidney injury markers (NGAL, L-FABP) in urine revealed that 2-month DR led to some protection in old rats. Nonetheless, despite all positive alterations in kidney tissue of old rats, DR was not able to ameliorate impairment of kidney function after I/R, whereas all young rats showed significant improvement of SCr and BUN levels. Conclusion Short-term DR has a significant nephroprotective effect against renal I/R in young rats. Old animals require longer periods of food restriction, after which some protective alterations are observed. We propose, protection of kidney in old and young rats is implemented through slightly different mechanisms and some of them are missing in old animals.

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