Viscosity, Density, Refractive Index, Electrical Conductivity and Surface Tension of Quinoline-Acetic Acid Mixtures

1969 ◽  
Vol 241O (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. S. Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Acetic Acid

Properties of KSCN-rich Molten NaSCN-KSCN Mixtures

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 540-544
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Iwadata ◽  
Junichi Mochinaga ◽  
Kazuo Igarashi ◽  
Koji Tajiri ◽  
Tadashi Asahina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Molar Volume ◽  
Molten State

AbstractFor molten (Na, K)SCN mixtures with more than 50 mol% KSCN the molar volume Vm,electrical conductivity, χ, refractive index n, surface tension γ and heat capacity CP were measured in dependence of composition and temperature, γ exhibited the minimum at ca. 70 mol% KSCN and Cp was 148 JK-1 mol-1 in the range of 413 to 471 K. The electronic polarizabilities of the ions in the molten state were estimated by the semiclassical Clausius-Mossotti equation

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Physicochemical Parameters of Breast Milk, Starter Infant Formulas and Commercial Cow Milks in Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Sunarić ◽  
Tatjana Jovanović ◽  
Ana Spasić ◽  
Marko Denić ◽  
Gordana Kocić
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Infant Formulas

Summary Data on the physical properties of cow milk and infant formulas are important since they indicate the differences in physicochemical and rheological characteristics and compatibility with natural breast milk. This fact is important not only for quality control but also for the use of these commercial products as infant diet supplements or as complete breast milk substitutes. This study was undertaken to determine refractive index, surface tension, pH, electrical conductivity, viscosity and titratable acidity of the UHT cow milk, starter infant formulas and breast milk of Serbian mothers in order to compare commercial milk formulations with natural human milk. The paper also presents the measured data of some physical parameters of human milk about which there is little information in the literature. It has been also demonstrated how these parameters were changed by freezing and prolonged storage of breast milk. In this study, 8 commercial cow milks, 6 starter infant formulas and 15 different samples of colostrum, transition and mature breast milk were included. The titratable acidity, pH, electrical conductivity, refractive index, viscosity and surface tension were measured by using standardized techniques. It has been found that infant formulas available on the Serbian market differ in physicochemical parameters compared to breast milk. Regarding these parameters, none of the analyzed formulas fully corresponded to breast milk. It has been also shown that measurement of physical parameters is simple and inexpensive way to monitor the milk shelf-life which is important for human milk banks.

scholarly journals Influence of Small Quantities of Water on the Physical Properties of Alkylammonium Nitrate Ionic Liquids

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7334
Author(s):  
David Ausín ◽  
Juan J. Parajó ◽  
José L. Trenzado ◽  
Luis M. Varela ◽  
Oscar Cabeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ethylammonium Nitrate ◽  
Potential Applications

This paper presents a comprehensive study of two alkylammonium nitrate ionic liquids. As part of this family of materials, mainly ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and also propylammonium nitrate (PAN) have attracted a great deal of attention during the last decades due to their potential applications in many fields. Although there have been numerous publications focused on the measurement of their physical properties, a great dispersion can be observed in the results obtained for the same magnitude. One of the critical points to be taken into account in their physical characterization is their water content. Thus, the main objective of this work was to determine the degree of influence of the presence of small quantities of water in EAN and PAN on the measurement of density, viscosity, electrical conductivity, refractive index and surface tension. For this purpose, the first three properties were determined in samples of EAN and PAN with water contents below 30,000 ppm in a wide range of temperatures, between 5 and 95 °C, while the last two were obtained at 25 °C. As a result of this study, it has been concluded that the presence of water is critical in those physical properties that involve mass or charge transport processes, resulting in the finding that the absolute value of the average percentage change in both viscosity and electrical conductivity is above 40%. Meanwhile, refractive index (≤0.3%), density (≤0.5%) and surface tension (≤2%) present much less significant changes.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Raw Honey Issued from Eastern Romania

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Aida Albu ◽  
Cristina-Gabriela Radu-Rusu ◽  
Ioan Mircea Pop ◽  
Gabriela Frunza ◽  
Gherasim Nacu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Botanical Origin ◽  
Free Acidity ◽  
Qualitative Level ◽  
Raw Honey

Romania is known among the main European honey producers, due to the variety of landforms as well as the diversity of the flora. Thirty-four honey samples of the acacia, linden and multifloral types, produced in eastern Romania and collected during 2013–2018, were physico-chemically analyzed using methods provided by the national and EU standards. The results of water-insoluble solids, color and refractive index were found to be 0.023–0.131%, 0.3–76.4 mm Pfund and 1.485–1.499, respectively. The moisture content ranged between 15.20% and 20.77%, solid substances content ranged between 79.23% and 84.80% and total soluble substances content ranged between 77.83 °Brix and 83.26 °Brix. The obtained values of specific gravity were from 1.414 to 1.450 g/cm3, pH ranged from 3.673 to 5.503 and free acidity ranged between 2.4 meq and 50 meq kg−1. The ash content and the electrical conductivity varied between 0.030 and 0.543% and 130 and 679 µS cm−1, respectively. Pearsonʹs correlation analysis showed an intense association of the ash content with electrical conductivity (r = 0.81). Our findings reveal the qualitative level of Romanian honey and the variation in quality parameters due to factors such as geographical region, climatic conditions, botanical origin and handling or storage conditions.

scholarly journals Improvement of acid solutions for stimulation of compacted high-temperature carbonate collectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3(62)) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Oleh Zimin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Methyl Acetate ◽  
Surface Tension Coefficient ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Low Viscosity

The object of research in this work is the intensification of hydrocarbon production. The most problematic task of the study is the efficiency of intensification of compacted high-temperature carbonate reservoirs. Despite the gradual transition to renewable energy sources, natural gas and oil will play a dominant role in the world's energy balance in the next 20–30 years. Carbonate rocks have significant mining potential, but low filtration properties require intensification to improve reservoir permeability. High temperatures and pressures at great depths require the improvement of existing hydrocarbon production technologies. The most popular method for treating reservoirs containing carbonates is acid treatments in different variations, but for effective treatment it is necessary to achieve deep penetration of the solution into the formation. The study solves the problem of selection of effective carrier liquids for the preparation of acid solutions for the treatment of compacted high-temperature reservoirs with high carbonate content. To ensure quality treatment, acid solutions must have low viscosity and surface tension coefficient, low reaction rate, their chemical properties must ensure the absence of insoluble precipitates in the process of reactions with fluids and rocks, as well as be environmentally friendly. To select the most optimal carrier liquid, experiments were conducted to determine which candidate liquids provide the minimum reaction rate of acidic solutions with carbonates. Based on the analysis of industrial application data and literature sources, water, nephras, methanol, ethyl acetate, and methyl acetate were selected for further research. Widely studied acetic acid was chosen as the basic acid. Studies have shown that methyl acetate has a number of advantages, namely low reaction rate, low viscosity and surface tension coefficient. As well as the possibility of hydrolysis in the formation with the release of acetic acid, which significantly prolongs the reaction time of the solution with the rock and the depth of penetration of the active solution into the formation.

scholarly journals Adjuvants plus phytosanitary products and the effects on the physical-chemical properties of the spray liquids

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Heros Teodoro de Assunção ◽  
Saulo Felipe Brockes Campos ◽  
Luciana Alves Sousa ◽  
Ernane Miranda Lemes ◽  
Cesar Henrique Souza Zandonadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Phytosanitary Products

The frequent tank mixing of phytosanitary products, adjuvants, and foliar fertilizers highlights the lack of information which sustains decisions about what products can be mixed for spray application. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides in combination with some adjuvants on the Brazilian market. The experimental design was completely randomized and spray mixes of the phytosanitary products: fungicide (azoxystrobin+benzovindiflupir), herbicide (diamônio salt of N-(phosponomethyl)) or insecticide (fenpropathrin) were evaluated in combination with adjuvants (mineral oil base, foliar fertilizer or lecithin + propionic acid), and in two application rates (95 and 52 L ha-1); all with four replications. Surface tension, electrical conductivity, pH, dynamic viscosity and density of spray mixes were evaluated. The adjuvants presented characteristics capable of significantly altering the physicochemical properties of the phytosanitary spray mixes, and thus, alter the biological effectiveness and efficiency of the spray applications. However, its effects are also dependent on the phytosanitary product added to the spray mix, which makes general recommendations a difficult task. The greatest pH reduction, as well as the greatest increase in electrical conductivity, were caused by the adjuvant lecithin + propionic acid. All phytosanitary products and adjuvants studied, associated or not, resulted in a reduction in the surface tension of the spray mix in relation to water. The magnitude of change of density and dynamic viscosity promoted by adjuvants was lower than the other characteristics evaluated.

The physical properties of anomalous water

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
WW Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Column Length ◽  
Anomalous Water

The properties of anomalous aqueous condensates, prepared in the manner described by Deryagin,1 vary with aqueous vapour pressure. The changes of column length and of melting point are similar to those of ordinary aqueous solutions. There is no sound evidence that the condensate exhibits abnormal viscosity, density, electrical conductivity, or surface tension.

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