scholarly journals Compartment syndrome as a result of incorrect treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Author(s):  
Seyyed Mahdi Mirhamidi ◽  
Davood Soroosh ◽  
Alireza Abadi ◽  
Elahe Fahimi
Keyword(s):  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intramuscular Pressure ◽  
Vascular Disorder ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment

Compartment syndrome is a rare vascular disorder and an orthopedic emergency caused by high intramuscular pressure following bone fractures and some other etiologies. It mostly involves extremities, but can affect other parts of the body. The syndrome is diagnosed based on extensively varying signs and symptoms including feeling pain, pallor, pulselessness, and some other signs among patients. It causes irreversible complications that may even lead to death in some cases. If not treated promptly, muscle and nerve necrosis, myoglobinuria, and ultimately extremity gangrene and renal failure may occur. Timely diagnosis requires close attention to patient’s signs and symptoms and repeated measurements of pressure in the compartment. The reported case was an 11-year-old girl suffering from a closed double fracture in her forearm following blunt trauma. Inappropriate treatment done by a local therapist resulted in compartment syndrome. The aim of this study was to obtain an accurate knowledge on it and to do timely action when facing with this syndrome.

TAMI-01. BRAIN METASTASES: CURRENT LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi198-vi198
Author(s):  
Ruchi Raval ◽  
Aadi Pandya ◽  
Jaspreet Behl ◽  
Sumul Raval
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
The Brain

Abstract PURPOSE As more information is gathered about brain metastases, it still remains that the current prognosis of brain metastases is very poor. Due to this, it is imperative that physicians are aware of the most important components regarding brain metastases. This literature review will encompass the most current literature in order to highlight the most crucial information. METHODS All mentioned studies and literature reviews cited in the paper were obtained through various sites, and were published between 1996 and 2017. The main components that were required from the papers reviewed included where in the body the brain metastases originated from, where in the brain they tended to spread to, what the signs and symptoms typical of patients with brain metastases are, and what the options are in terms of treatment. RESULTS Using the results from a variety of studies performed within the past three decades, it is apparent that brain metastases most commonly originate from, in order of increasing frequency, lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer. In addition, it is reaffirmed that the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best diagnostic tool to be used when dealing with brain metastases. The most frequent signs and symptoms of a brain metastases include cognitive changes, headaches, weakness, and seizures. Finally, supportive treatment includes use of corticosteroids, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and anticoagulation therapy. Definitive treatment for brain metastases varies based on size, location, and prevalence in the brain, but the most effective options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. CONCLUSIONS The study’s results confirm the need for more research to be done regarding brain metastases, and better options to increase the survival of patients.

Acute proptosis secondary to bilateral pansinus mucopyocele with orbital compartment syndrome: a rare presentation, its management and outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e241972
Author(s):  
Khushboo Chauhan ◽  
Tanya Sharma ◽  
Bhavana Sharma ◽  
Samendra Karkhur
Keyword(s):  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Guided Exploration ◽  
Rapid Relief ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

A 37-year-old Indian female presented with forward protrusion of left eye for one week, associated with progressive diminution of vision. The patient had undergone sinus surgery for nasal polyposis a year ago. On examination, there was severe proptosis and limitation of extraocular movements in all gazes. CT-scan revealed a heterogeneous expansile mass, arising from left fronto-ethmoidal sinus, infiltrating left orbit. MRI showed T2-hyperintense, peripherally enhancing areas in bilateral nasal cavity (right >left), bilateral ethmoidal sinuses and frontal, sphenoidal and maxillary sinuses. Otorhinolaryngology consultation was sought and in view of vision threatening proptosis — with likely orbital compartment syndrome — emergent endoscopic guided exploration and orbital decompression was undertaken. Rapid relief of signs and symptoms was achieved, with normal vision, extraocular movements and resolution of proptosis. Cytology and microbiology ruled out infectious or malignant aetiology and helped in resolving a diagnostic dilemma. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of mucopyocele and follow-up period was uneventful.

scholarly journals Behcet’s Disease: An In-depth Review About Pathogenesis, Gastrointestinal Manifestations And Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Nguyen ◽  
Shubhra Upadhyay ◽  
Muhammad Ali Javaid ◽  
Abdul Moiz Qureshi ◽  
Shahan Haseeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behçet’S Disease ◽  
Behcet’S Disease ◽  
Behçet's Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Disorder ◽  
Robust Algorithms ◽  
Behcet's Disease ◽  
Relapsing Remitting

Background: Behcet’s Disease (BD) is a complex inflammatory vascular disorder that follows a relapsing-remitting course with diverse clinical manifestations. The prevalence of the disease varies throughout the globe and targets different age groups. There are many variations of BD, however, intestinal BD is not only more common but has many signs and symptoms. Summary: BD is a relapsing-remitting inflammatory vascular disorder with multiple system involvement, affecting vessels of all types and sizes that targets young adults. The etiology of BD is unknown but many factors including genetic mechanisms, vascular changes, hypercoagulability and dysregulation of immune function are believed to be responsible. BD usually presents with signs and symptoms of ulcerative disease of the small intestine; endoscopy being consistent with the clinical manifestations. The mainstay of treatment depends upon the severity of the disease. Corticosteroids are recommended for severe forms of the disease and aminosalicylic acids are used in maintaining remission in mild to moderate forms of the disease. Key messages: In this review, we have tried to summarize in the present review the clinical manifestations, differential diagnoses and management of intestinal BD. Hopefully, this review will enable health policymakers to ponder over establishing clear endpoints for treatment, surveillance investigations and creating robust algorithms.

scholarly journals Associations between Socio-Economic Status and Unfavorable Social Indicators of Child Wellbeing; a Neighbourhood Level Data Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12661
Author(s):  
Minke R. C. van Minde ◽  
Marlou L. A. de Kroon ◽  
Meertien K. Sijpkens ◽  
Hein Raat ◽  
Eric A. P. Steegers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Cubic Splines ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Child Wellbeing ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Health Differences

Background: Living in deprivation is related to ill health. Differences in health outcomes between neighbourhoods may be attributed to neighbourhood socio-economic status (SES). Additional to differences in health, neighbourhood differences in child wellbeing could also be attributed to neighbourhood SES. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between neighbourhood deprivation, and social indicators of child wellbeing. Methods: Aggregated data from 3565 neighbourhoods in 390 municipalities in the Netherlands were eligible for analysis. Neighbourhood SES scores and neighbourhood data on social indicators of child wellbeing were used to perform repeated measurements, with one year measurement intervals, over a period of 11 years. Linear mixed models were used to estimate the associations between SES score and the proportion of unfavorable social indicators of child wellbeing. Results: After adjustment for year, population size, and clustering within neighbourhoods and within a municipality, neighbourhood SES was inversely associated with the proportion of ‘children living in families on welfare’ (estimates with two cubic splines: −3.59 [CI: −3.99; −3.19], and −3.00 [CI: −3.33; −2.67]), ‘delinquent youth’ (estimate −0.26 [CI: −0.30; −0.23]) and ‘unemployed youth’ (estimates with four cubic splines: −0.41 [CI: −0.57; −0.25], −0.58 [CI: −0.73; −0.43], −1.35 [−1.70; −1.01], and −0.96 [1.24; −0.70]). Conclusions: In this study using repeated measurements, a lower neighbourhood SES was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of unfavorable social indicators of child wellbeing. This contributes to the body of evidence that neighbourhood SES is strongly related to child health and a child’s ability to reach its full potential in later life. Future studies should consist of larger longitudinal datasets, potentially across countries, and should attempt to take the interpersonal variation into account with more individual-level data on SES and outcomes.

scholarly journals A New Radiographic Method for Estimating Tibial Malrotation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Yazdi ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Taher Ghaderi ◽  
Alireza Yousof Gomrokchi ◽  
Parham Pezeshk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Distal Tibia ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Minor Trauma ◽  
Lower Limb Injury

Background: Diaphyseal tibial fractures are the most frequent bone fractures in the body and are usually treated with intramedullary nailing method. However, this approach is responsible for 41% of the rotational deviation.  Objectives: This study aimed to provide a radiographic evaluation method to determine tibial malrotation in closed fixation of tibia bone fractures during or after the operation. Methods: This study was conducted in a university hospital from May 2015 to March 2016. All patients referring to the hospital with the complaints of minor trauma around the ankle and knee requiring radiographic evaluation of both joints were enrolled in the study. The inclusion criteria included being 20 and 50 years old; having normal axial, sagittal, and coronal lower limb alignment; lacking previous lower limb injury (such as fractures of the tibia or fibula), ankle or knee sprain; not having previous lower limb surgery, metabolic or congenital bone diseases, or malignancy. In all cases, a standard Anteroposterior (AP) radiograph of the knee was taken, and then, without changing the limb position or image setting, an AP radiograph of the ankle was obtained. The overlap between the distal tibia and fibula was measured in the PACS program environment.   Results: Fifty cases were included in this study. The Mean±SD ages of males and females were 29.08±2.49 years and 31.46±2.04 years, respectively. The range of distal tibia-fibula overlap one centimeter above the tibiotalar joint line was 7.81 to 9.09 mm (confidence interval of 95%), and its percentage to the fibula shaft width at the same level was 49.43% to 54.35%. Conclusion: According to the results, distal tibia-fibula overlap when the knee is in the true AP position, regardless of the side and gender, is 7.81 to 9.09 mm or 49.43% to 54.35%.

scholarly journals Laser phototherapy

1981 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
U. Y. Bogdanovich
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laser Phototherapy ◽  
Healing Wounds ◽  
Helium Neon

For the purpose of laser phototherapy, helium-neon lasers with a wavelength of 632.8 nm and an output power of 15-25 mW are most often used today. For the treatment of patients with long-term healing wounds, trophic ulcers and bone fractures, the "Clinic" device was made on the basis of a carbon dioxide laser with a wavelength of 10.6 m, in which two LG-23 generators are used, which makes it possible to simultaneously irradiate two affected areas of the body or two sick.

scholarly journals Bone fractures in roadkill Northern Tamandua Tamandua mexicana (Mammalia: Pilosa: Myrmecophagidae) in Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 14802-14807
Author(s):  
Randall Arguedas ◽  
Elisa C. López ◽  
Lizbeth Ovares
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Future ◽  
Tamandua Mexicana

Northern Tamandua Tamandua mexicana is one of the most common roadkill species encountered on Costa Rican highways.  Ten roadkill Northern Tamanduas were collected along different roads in Costa Rica and moved to a veterinary facility where appendicular radiologic studies were undertaken.  The number of fractures present in each individual varied from zero to five (mean=2.6), with only one animal sustaining no fractures at all.  Most fractures were present in the humerus (31%), followed by the ulna and ilium (both 19%), whilst the cranial portion of the body represented the highest number of fractures (61%).  These data can contribute, not only to establishing causes of animal-road-mortalities, but also to the future understanding and decision-making of clinical actions for animals injured on the roads.

scholarly journals Is intraabdominal pressure a predictive factor for mortality and morbidity in abdominal trauma?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Daniel Ion ◽  
Dan Nicolae Păduraru ◽  
Florentina Mușat ◽  
Octavian Andronic ◽  
Alexandra Bolocan
Keyword(s):  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Trauma ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Intraabdominal Pressure ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Abdominal Hypertension ◽  
Abdominal Compartment

AbstractThe clinical signs and symptoms of an acute in increase intraabdominal pressure (IAP) are subtle, especially in the conditions of the polytraumatized patient. Thus, abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) can brutally occur and can have a major impact on the body’s main organs and systems. The purpose of our research was to identify the influence of intraabdominal pressure, intra-abdominal hypertension, and abdominal compartment syndrome, in the evolution of polytraumatized patients. Our study analyzed the patients admitted in the IIIrd Department of General Surgery of University Emergency Hospital in Bucharest between 1st of January 2010 and 31st of December 2018. The value of intraabdominal pressure, on admission, correlated with the risk of IAH/ ACS in patients with abdominal trauma - being major causes of morbidity and mortality. IAP monitoring should become a mandatory part of the management plan for patients with abdominal trauma.

scholarly journals Organophosphorus Poisoning

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (172) ◽  
Author(s):  
Buddhi Prasad Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Organophosphorus Poisoning ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of

Acute poisoning by organophosphorus (OP) compounds is a major global clinical problem, withthousands of deaths occurring every year. Most of these pesticide poisoning and subsequentdeaths occur in developing countries following a deliberate self ingestion of the poison. Metacid(Methyl parathion) and Nuvan (Dichlorovos) are commonly ingested OP pesticides; Dimethoate,Profenofos, and Chlorpyrifos are other less frequently ingested compounds in Nepal. The toxicityof these OP pesticides is due to the irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymeleading to accumulation of acetylcholine and subsequent over-activation of cholinergic receptorsin various parts of the body. Acutely, these patients present with cholinergic crisis; intermediatesyndrome and delayed polyneuropathy are other sequel of this form of poisoning. The diagnosisdepends on the history of exposure to these pesticides, characteristic manifestations of toxicityand improvements of the signs and symptoms after administration of atropine. The supportivetreatment of OP poisoning includes the same basic principles of management of any acutelypoisoned patient i.e., rapid initial management of airways, breathing, and circulation. Gastriclavage and activated charcoal are routinely used decontamination procedures, but their valuehas not been conclusively proven in this poisoning. Atropine is the mainstay of therapy, andcan reverse the life threatening features of this acute poisoning. However, there are no clearcut guidelines on the dose and duration of atropine therapy in OP poisoning. Cholinesterasereactivators, by regenerating AChE, can reverse both the nicotinic and muscarinic effects;however, this benefit has not been translated well in clinical trials. All these facts highlight thatthere are many unanswered questions and controversies in the management of OP poisoningand there is an urgent need for research on this aspect of this common and deadly poisoning.Key Words: poisoning, organophosphorus insecticides, decontamination, antidotes

scholarly journals A Rare Case Report on Therapeutic Management of Wilm’s Tumour

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Priya Rewatkar ◽  
Manoj Patil
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Female Child ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Wilm's Tumor ◽  
Wilm’S Tumor

Introduction: Wilms's tumour was named after Carl Max Wilhelm Wilms, a 19th century German surgeon. Wilm’s tumor is derived from primitive metanephric blastema and is a form of childhood carcinoma that begins in the kidneys (also called nephroblastoma). In infants, it is the most common form of kidney carcinoma. 9 out of 10 kidney cancers in kids is Wilms Tumor. Carcinoma can spread to other parts of the body. The incidence is around seven new cases per million children in the United States, with a peak incidence between the ages of 2 and 3 years. Main symptoms and important clinical findings: A 11 yrs. old female child was admitted in Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Wardha on 08/02/2021 with chief complaint of breathing difficulty, shortness of breath, blood in the urine, nausea and vomiting. After physical examination and investigations, doctors diagnosed it as a case of Wilm’s tumor. The main diagnoses, therapeutic interventions and outcomes: After physical examination and investigations like MRI, doctor diagnosed it as a case Wilm’s tumour. Tab. Actinomycin D (Dactinomycin), tab. Vincristine (chemotherapy) were started and calcium and multivitamin supplements were given for 7 days to enhance immune function. Tab. Septran 160 mg OD and tab. Acenet 400 mg OD, tab. Bactrim 5mg OD was also prescribed. Patient took all treatment and outcome was good. Her signs and symptoms improved. Conclusion: Accurate diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment speeded up recovery.

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