scholarly journals NORWAY’s ARCTIC STRATEGY AND SECURITY ISSUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Valery Zhuravel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The North ◽  
The Face ◽  
Northern Territories

The article examines Norway’s Arctic strategy and the country’s policy in the field of defence and security. It is noted that Oslo, among the countries of the Arctic Council, is the leader in the development and further improvement of strategies in the Arctic, taking into account the peculiarities of the country and its northern territories. The country is implementing one of the most innovative economic strategies in the region, developing high-tech sectors of the economy, reducing its dependence on the export of hydrocarbon raw materials, improving the administrative-territorial division of the country in the interests of developing the northern provinces. Attention is paid to the development of the industrial sector of the economy, transport (primarily port) infrastructure, scientific and educational complexes, Arctic tourism and recreational business, migration policy and support of the indigenous population. The author pays special attention to Norway’s place in NATO, noting that the North of Norway is becoming one of Scandinavia’s most militarised regions. It is emphasised that this greatly hinders international cooperation with the closest neighbours, primarily with Russia. It is necessary to seek to improve relations between our countries, even in the face of the current friction at the interstate level in matters of security and severe contradictions in the area of the Spitsbergen archipelago.

scholarly journals Natural Resource Economy and Territorial Organization of the Economy of the Arctic and the North of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
V. N. Lazhentsev
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Natural Factor ◽  
The North ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Resource Economy

The article shows that the modernization of existing and the creation of new industries in the developed territories, their infrastructure development is a priority in the development of the productive forces of the North, including the Arctic. Optimism about the Arctic vector of development, according to the author, should be moderate. The main directions of modernization of the existing economic systems are considered. These areas are associated with the forms of placement of production and settlement of the population in the form of territorial and economic complexes, geographically and economically remote industrial centers and the periphery of the predominantly rural type. Attention is focused on the rise of the role of the natural factor in the socio-economic development of the Arctic and Northern territories and the need for interregional integration in solving the problems of environmental protection. The solution of the problems of the Arctic and the North is connected with the improvement of relations in the system of economic federalism. The main point here is the coordination of public, state and corporate interests for the sake of improving the standard of living of the rooted population, providing the national and world markets with raw materials.

Perspectives of Natural Biological Resources Development of the Arctic and Northern Territories of Krasnoyarsk Krai

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Denis Victorovich PARSHUKOV ◽  
Victor Nikolayevich NEVZOROV ◽  
Marina Anatolevna YANOVA ◽  
Elena Nikolayevna OLEYNIKOVA ◽  
Igor Victorovich MATSKEVICH
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Krai ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
The Arctic Region ◽  
Resources Development

The Arctic region and the Far North have an important strategic significance for the Russian Federation. These territories possess vast resources of mineral raw materials, as well as significant volumes of plant, water and animal resources. The industrial development of the Arctic region and the northern territories has considerable economic perspectives but it creates also external effects (externalities) for ecosystems and the local indigenous population. The purpose of this research is to determine the perspectives of the commercial development and processing of plant and animal raw materials in the areas of residence of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the north of Krasnoyarsk Krai. The object of the research is the Arctic region and the northern territories of Krasnoyarsk Krai. The main types of plant and animal raw materials are berries, mushrooms, pine nuts, as well as meat and velvet of the reindeer. As a result of the research, the economic estimation of the operational reserves of certain types of forest edible resources was given. The potential volume of the domestic and wild reindeer velvet procurement reserve in Krasnoyarsk Krai was determined. The possible volumes of output of derivative products of plant and animal raw materials of the north of Krasnoyarsk Krai were calculated. The general estimation of the investment attractiveness of the branch was given. When revealing the perspectives of biological resources development, the main specific problems of irrational use of natural resources, access to the labor resources, institutional environment of hunting and cropping business were distinguished.

scholarly journals Challenges and prospects of transport development infrastructure of the regions of the European North Russia

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
S. A. Kozhevnikov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The North ◽  
European North ◽  
Northern Territories

The article examines the key trends in the development of the transport infrastructure of the regions of the European North of Russia. It is substantiated that the key problems in this area of the northern territories include a decrease in freight and passenger traffic of rail and road transport in the post-Soviet period, low density of transport routes, a small proportion of paved roads in the total length of public roads. These infrastructural limitations are currently one of the barriers to the sustainable development of the northern and arctic territories of the country. It is substantiated that in such a situation, the Vologda region can play an important role in the quality of the outpost for the development of the North and the Arctic in the European part of Russia. At the same time, the development of Vologda as a transport hub is seen in the form of a multimodal logistics center, which will allow for the close cooperation of the northern and Arctic territories of the country with its southern regions. Counter flows of goods and services will go through it to provide, on the one hand, the northern territories with food, essential products, machinery and equipment, and the southern regions with raw materials and their processing products for further development of technological chains, which will create favorable conditions for the sustainable development of the European regions. North of Russia and its Arctic zone. At the same time, an important scientific and practical task is the scientific substantiation of the mechanism for managing the processes of formation and development of this center, taking into account the northern specifics.

scholarly journals The Arctic Five: search for a balance of power in the region

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-287
Author(s):  
I. S. Doroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
The Arctic Region

Due to climate change, the Arctic region becomes a place of geopolitical rivalry of both Arctic and non-Arctic states. Traditional formats for determining the agenda in the region are effective, but with the advent of the interest of an increasing number of international actors, these formats are transforming, which may affect the balance of power in the region. The growing activity of Asian countries in the Arctic, primarily China, is forcing regional states to make adjustments to the development strategy of the region. The rapid renewal of its potential in the northern territories of Russia caused a negative reaction from the western countries, especially after 2014.Such aspirations have emerged as the internationalization of the region by Northern Europe and China, the desire to draw clear boundaries on the part of Russia and Canada, and the buildup of US influence on its colleagues in the North Atlantic bloc. This situation may cause an uncontrolled increase in tension in the region, especially if new alliances between the Arctic and non-Arctic countries are created. The author considers the current approaches of the countries of the Arctic five, analyzes the true motives of internationalization and the role of the format of the Arctic five in maintaining a balance of power and stability in the northern latitudes.

scholarly journals Fire-induced changes in soil and vegetation in the forest-tundra of Western Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Oleg Sizov ◽  
Leya Brodt ◽  
Andrey Soromotin ◽  
Nikolay Prikhodko ◽  
Ramona Heim
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Forest Tundra ◽  
The North ◽  
Tundra Vegetation ◽  
Lichen Cover ◽  
The Face

Wildfires are one of the main factors for landscape change in tundra ecosystems. In the absence of external mechanical impacts, tundra plant communities are relatively stable, even in the face of climatic changes. In our study, lichen cover was degraded on burnt tundra sites, which increased the permafrost thaw depth from 100 to 190 cm. In old fire scars (burnt 1980 – 1990) of the forest-tundra, vegetation cover was dominated by trees and shrubs. The soil temperature on burnt forest-tundra sites was higher in comparison to conditions of the unburnt control sites and permafrost was was not found at a depth of 2-2,3m. Dynamics of the Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI) from 1986-2020 reveal that immediately after fires, vegetation recovered and biomass increased due to the development of Betula nana shrubs. In old fire scars of the forest-tundra (burnt 1980-1990), a significant increase in NDVI values was evident, in contrast to the unburnt tundra vegetation where this trend was less pronounced. We conclude that "greening" in the north of Western Siberia may occur due to fire-induced transformation processes. The role of wildfires in the advance of the treeline to the north, driven by climate change and active economic development of the Arctic, will gradually increase in future.

scholarly journals National Projects in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
Nikolay GAGIEV ◽  
◽  
Lyudmila GONCHARENKO ◽  
Sergey SYBACHIN ◽  
Anna SHESTAKOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
The North ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Nenets Autonomous

In 2021, the Russian Federation will assume the chairmanship of the Arctic Council. This fact confirms the special attention of the country’s leadership to the unique geostrategic region. In December 2020, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin, at an online meeting with volunteers and finalists of the contest “Volunteer of Russia”, noted that Russia would grow with the Arctic and the territories of the North. Many Russian citizens’ lives and the state’s success in the international arena depend on this territory’s development. One of the most important mechanisms for achieving the stated goals is national projects (NP), which should make a significant contribution to the development of the country’s territory. The purpose of the study is to assess NP in the subjects that are entirely related to the Arctic zone: Murmansk region, Nenets Autonomous okrug (NAO), Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous okrug (YANAO), and Chukotka Autonomous okrug (CHAO). In the course of the work, general scientific research methods were applied: comparative analysis, data comparison, induction, deduction, etc. The study results showed that, despite all the differences in economic and geographical position, financial condition, population, and regional development priorities, all Arctic regions have similar problems that hinder the effective development of territories. Without solving the problems indicated in the work, it is impossible to expect a qualitative «breakthrough» and implement the NP’s goals.

scholarly journals Study of Oil in the North of Russia by the Geological Committee at the End of the 19th Century – the Beginning of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042082
Author(s):  
T P Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

Abstract The article draws attention to the study of the historical experience of Russian science in the development of the Arctic and northern territories of Russia. Based on a wide range of archival and published sources, the role of the Geological Committee in the scientific study of the Ukhta oil-bearing region is analyzed. The chronological framework of the study covers the period of the organization’s activity from 1882 to 1929. The field studies carried out by the Geological Committee which started during this period in the Ukhta region are considered in detail. As a result of this activity, this territory was comprehensively studied for the first time, including a detailed geological survey, the search for oil deposits, and an assessment of its industrial potential. It has been determined that as a result of the surveys of the Geological Committee, new information about the features of the geological and orographic structure of the region was obtained and the oil-bearing potential was proved. It has been concluded that the research of the scientists of the committee laid a fundamental basis for the study of the Ukhta oil-bearing region and predetermined its further development history and great significance for the state.

scholarly journals The specificity of Russia’s chairmanship of the Arctic Council in 2021–2023

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sofia Khusainova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The North ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic Region

The subject of this research is the policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic. The object is Russia’s chairmanship of the Arctic Council in 2021–2023. The author meticulously analyzes the positions of the state, taking into account national interests and peculiarities of the current international situation in the region. The article examines the domestic legislative acts adopted for regulation of the Arctic Region, as well as international documents aimed at sustainable development of the North. The conditions of collective security dictate moderate and clearly defined policy in the Arctic, which is the central arena for political action with the leading role of the Russian Federation until 2023. The conclusion is drawn that the Arctic Region is currently the most relevant vector of the policy of northern states. Chairmanship of the Russian Federation imposes enormous responsibility on the country, as despite the overall state of security in the region, there remains a range of unresolved issues. The attempts of institutionalization of the Arctic Council may become an implicit threat for the Russian Federation; this is why the systematization of domestic legislation and foreign policy actions on maintaining the health of ecosystem, cultural heritage, and environmental policy have become the priority vectors in the first year of Russia’s chairmanship. The overall responsibility of the leading actor the Arctic does not exclude the existence of classic threats to the security of state’s sovereignty, which requires accurate planning in subsequent years of the chairmanship.

Non-Arctic Countries of Asia and Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 185-206
Author(s):  
Mikail Khudzhatov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
The North ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Critical Problems ◽  
The Republic

The Arctic is characterized by a significant potential in terms of mineral resources, raw materials, hydrocarbons, and energy. In the North, mining and extractive industries are booming, but the expansion of exploration in the severe climate conditions requires the use of advanced technologies, many of which have not been developed and adopted in Russia. For this reason, there is a need to promote investment activity in the Arctic. This chapter discusses the most effective customs instruments for the attraction of foreign investments, identifies critical problems in the sphere of development of investment collaboration between Russia and non-Arctic countries of Asia (China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea), and offers practical solutions in the field of investment collaboration in the High North.

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