Speaking Truth to Power

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Dabney ◽  
Richard Tewksbury
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Intelligence Collection ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Confidential informants have long occupied central role in the criminal investigation efforts of law enforcement authorities. Yet, there exists minimal contemporary scholarship to help illuminate the complex relationships and roles associated with covert intelligence gathering. This book draws upon a rich array of fieldwork and face-to-face interviews with police officers to provide insight into the confidential informant phenomenon. This concept of the police-citizen information exchange is set forth to account for the broad rubric of intelligence collection done by police. A four-part framework is provided to organize the exchange types based upon the motivations and goals that underlie the relationship. The utility of confidential informants is thoroughly explored, with attention focused on the potential benefits and pitfalls that follow. Detailed consideration is given to how officers recruit, nurture, and manage confidential informants. We argue that the police-citizen information exchange has become deeply woven into the fabric of contemporary policing, beginning with vice crime enforcement but emanating outward, so much so that scaling it back warrants a series of daunting practical considerations.

Police Family Dynamics

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Megan O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Community Support ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Performance Teams ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Police Forces

Chapter 5 describes and analyses the day-to-day encounters between Police Community Support Officers (PCSOs) and police officer colleagues. These encounters are important to consider in order to understand fully PCSOs’ occupational experiences. The pluralized public police in England and Wales are often described as a police ‘family’. However, just how functional and harmonious a family this is is shown to be variable between and within police forces. The chapter considers the reasons for this from within a dramaturgical framework, to appreciate fully the nature and organization of these face-to-face interactions. In particular, Goffman’s concepts of performances, teamwork, and regions will be used. The chapter argues that police officers and PCSOs operate as separate performance teams, rather than as one unified one, and that the relationships between these teams varies. In some areas, the teams worked in a complementary way, whereas in others, the relationship was competitive.

scholarly journals Health Behaviour, Stress, and Police Trainees

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (Special Issue 2.) ◽  
pp. 112-131
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Borbély
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Occupational stress has adverse effects on the health of police officers which may have a negative impact on their work in the long run. The same may apply to police trainees who have been less studied in this respect so far. To investigate this issue, we performed a cross-sectional study in probationer police officers in their second school year in two grades at one of the Hungarian law enforcement schools. The study was performed in two waves in 2016 (N = 138) and 2018 (N = 94). We explored the connection between stress exposure as measured by the Occupational Stress Questionnaire for Law Enforcement Services, and health-related behaviours, particularly alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity as measured by a custom-made questionnaire. Variance analysis showed that police stress factors have a connection with health behaviours in the two grades: relations between smoking status, alcohol consumption, and binge drinking on the one hand and Individual, Personal factors on the other in 2016 and between the frequency of physical activity, alcohol consumption and binge drinking on the one hand and Workload factors on the other in 2018. The findings obtained in 2016 and 2018 are different in many respects. Overall, the relationship between stress exposure and health-related behaviours was more obvious in 2018 than in 2016. Our study revealed important connections between stress exposure and health-related behaviours in police trainees, but the differences observed in the two waves indicate the complexity of the relationship and require further – preferably longitudinal – studies on the issue.

scholarly journals Protection of Victims in Estonia: A Survey Determining the Status Quo After Implementation of the Directive 2012/29/EU

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Anneli Soo ◽  
Kerly Espenberg
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
The Status ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials

An online survey was conducted in Estonia among 223 judges, prosecutors, police officers and victim support officers; 223 victims were interviewed via phone and 26 legal professionals (including lawyers) were interviewed face to face with an aim to determine the level of protection of victims after implementation of the Directive 2012/29/EU. The results reveal that victims lack knowledge about their rights although law enforcement agencies are, in general, convinced that they do a good job in this respect. Victims desire criminal proceedings in which they are respected, their opinion is heard and matters, and they are kept informed about developments of the case. The reality, however, does not meet their expectations. As law enforcement agencies are focused on determining guilt of a defendant, victims’ needs fall to the background. There seems to be a dichotomy between the expectations of law enforcement officials and those of the victims: While the latter awaits to be contacted and informed, the officials expect at least certain initiative from victims themselves. The idea that victims should be allowed to speak just to provide them with satisfaction and sense of fair proceedings is still somewhat strange for the authorities. When it comes to sentencing, some state officials believe that the opinions of a victim should not even be asked as determination of the punishment is court’s business. Victims’ opinions are much more readily heard in the conciliation proceedings, which are based on the ideas of restorative justice, but in which defendants’ needs seem to have been forgotten.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Fitness and Marksmanship in Police Officers

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Muirhead ◽  
Robin Orr ◽  
Ben Schram ◽  
Charlie Kornhauser ◽  
Ryan Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Dynamic Scenario ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
Fitness Measures ◽  
Fitness Training ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shuttle Run

Police officers may be required to discharge their weapon under physical duress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between fitness and marksmanship to facilitate future strategies to improve marksmanship. Retrospective data were provided for thirty-four police officers (mean age = 40.48 ± 6.66 years: mean weight = 100.60 ± 19.82 kg: mean height = 180.42 ± 6.87 cm) from a US-based law enforcement agency. Data included four different fitness measures and three different shooting scenarios. No significant relationship was observed between the three different shooting scenarios. There was a significant relationship between shuttle run and static shoot (r = 0.528, p = 0.002), grip strength and the dynamic scenario (r = −0.367, p = 0.035) and leg strength and the positive identification scenario (r = 0.344, p = 0.050). This study demonstrated that a high variety of fitness training and marksmanship practice, under various occupational scenarios, may be required to ensure optimal police shooting accuracy whilst in the field.

scholarly journals Beyond the “Ferguson Effect” on Crime: Examining its Influence on Law Enforcement Personnel

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110524
Author(s):  
Chrystina Y. Hoffman ◽  
Joshua C. Hinkle ◽  
Logan S. Ledford
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Law Enforcement Personnel ◽  
Ferguson Effect ◽  
Insight Into

The purpose of the current study is to examine the influence tensions over high-profile officer-involved shootings have had on Atlanta police officers’ ability to do their jobs and whether these impacts vary by officer race. Data was collected between August and October of 2016. A total of 241 police officers across six zones completed the self-administered survey. Findings indicate that while white officers, on average, felt the impacts of recent tensions surrounding officer-involved shootings more strongly, non-white officers were more likely to say they would leave policing if offered a better paying job in another field. This study provides insight into racial differences in the impacts of recent tensions and protests over fatal officer-involved shootings.

A Preliminary Assessment of Stigma in Law Enforcement Officers’ Responses to Opioid Overdoses

2020 ◽  
pp. 002204262097407
Author(s):  
Nathan E. Kruis ◽  
Alida V. Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Prior work has suggested that provider-based stigma of substance use disorders may be one barrier to fighting the opioid epidemic. However, to date, provider-based stigma has been afforded little attention in the context of the criminal justice system. The goal of the current study was to extend this line of research by examining the impact of provider-based stigma toward opioid using persons to beliefs about help that should be provided to persons experiencing an overdose among a sample of 208 police officers working in departments in the Northeastern Region of the United States. In addition, this study explores the relationship between provider-based stigma and the anticipated on-duty behavioral responses to opioid overdoses. Results from multivariable analyses indicate that certain dimensions of social stigma are significantly related to officers’ perceptions of help in varying directions, along with officers’ experiences with naloxone administration and departmental policy pertaining to the use of naloxone.

scholarly journals Social Media Utilization for Policing and Crime Prevention in Lagos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunmisola Eniola Peters ◽  
Usman Adekunle Ojedokun
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Use Of Social Media

The benefits embedded in the use of social media for policing and law enforcement are increasingly becoming recognized globally. Despite the growing popularity of social media in Nigeria, empirical information on the disposition of police personnel toward their adoption for policing and crime investigation are generally scarce. Therefore, this study investigated the use of social media for policing and crime prevention among 122 police officers serving at the headquarters of the Lagos State Police Command. The research design was descriptive and cross-sectional. Survey questionnaire and key informant interview methods were employed for data collection. Results indicated that respondents were generally positively disposed toward the adoption of social media for policing and crime prevention (c<sup>2</sup> =13.68; <em>p </em>> .05). Although social media platforms were being used for different police duties, 47.0% of the respondents identified intelligence gathering as the major purpose for which they were being used. The majority of the officers (77.2%) claimed that they had not been exposed to any form of training regarding social media usage for policing. It is pertinent for the Nigeria Police Force to professionally train its officers on the use of social media platforms for policing and law enforcement.

scholarly journals Rural homestays reviving culture and traditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1419-1435
Author(s):  
Ritika Singh ◽  
Manohar Sajnani ◽  
Pawan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Public Administrators ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Travel Experience ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Economic Profile ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

In contemporary world, travellers are more inclined towards seeking peace and tranquility from vacation destination rather than mere travel. Travelllers indulge in travel experience that enables them to connect with locals, gets genuine insight into their culture and traditional lifestyles. Rural homestays are one such means to cater the needs of such tourists in all-inclusive. The purpose of the study is to evaluate variation between the factors affecting satisfaction and expectation of the homestay’s guests. The study is conducted in the Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh, India. The data is collected by close ended questionnaire method, in face-to-face interaction with 200 tourists staying in 20 rural homestays. The study is intended to evaluate various attributes of the rural homestay accommodation that leads to satisfaction/dissatisfaction among guests staying in the homestay and also to make homestay owners understand the needs and requirements of guests to improve upon the service provided. The study also analyses the relationship between guests’ socio-economic profile and their satisfaction. The result of the research supports the suggestions for the homestay owners and public administrators that further boost the level of satisfaction of the guests and contributes in extensive rural as well as cultural tourism development.

scholarly journals Reflection on the Relationship between Cultural-historical Theory and Dialectics

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dafermos
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
Creative Insight ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Historical Theory

Challenging dominant positivistic psychology, Vygotsky elaborated cultural-historical theory in order to overcome the crisis in psychology. Spinoza’s monism, Hegelian dialectics and Marx’s materialistic dialectics inspired Vygotsky to develop a dialectical understanding of the development of higher mental functions. Dialectics as a way of thinking focuses on the study of each concrete object in its mutual connections with other objects, in its internal contradictions and in its process of change. Vygotsky criticized the understanding of dialectics as a sum of universal principles which can be applied in a direct way in the field of psychology and highlighted the complex relationships between philosophy and concrete scientific disciplines. Rethinking cultural-historical psychology in the light of dialectics offers a creative insight into crucial theoretical questions of psychology such as the interconnection between theory and practice, objectivist-subjectivist distinction, etc. Dialectical underpinnings of cultural-historical theory have been forgotten in mainstream, North-Atlantic interpretations and applications of Vygotsky’s theory.

scholarly journals Adolescents’ Real-Time Social and Affective Experiences of Online and Face-to-Face Interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Achterhof ◽  
Olivia J Kirtley ◽  
Maude Schneider ◽  
Noëmi Hagemann ◽  
Karlijn Susanna Francisca Maria Hermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Online Interaction ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Much disagreement exists surrounding the relationship between digital communication and adolescent well-being. Micro-level insight into the direct effect of online interaction on affective experiences in daily life is crucial to advancing this discussion. In this registered study, we used experience sampling in general-population adolescents (n = 1705) to examine different emotional and social experiences, at the moment they engage in online and face-to-face social interactions. Adolescents reported significantly less positive affect when alone compared to when interacting online (B(SE)=-.15(.04), p=.001), but significantly more positive affect (B(SE)=.12(.04), p&lt;.001) and less negative affect (B(SE)=-.12(.03), p&lt;.001) and loneliness (B(SE)=-.65(.05), p&lt;.001) when interacting face-to-face compared to online. Exploratory moderator analyses do not support the hypothesis that those with more social support experience greater benefits from online interaction. This study uniquely highlights both the momentary affective benefits and potential disadvantages of online interaction, thereby bringing clarification and nuance to this highly contentious topic.

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