The Vulnerability and Resilience of the Global Container Shipping Industry

2022 ◽  
Vol 121 (831) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Rodrigue
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Suez Canal ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Global Transport ◽  
The World ◽  
Shipping Containers

Intermodal shipping containers, standardized and capable of being carried on trucks, trains, barges, or ships, have transformed the global economy since they were introduced in 1959. By allowing previously separated segments of regional and global transport systems to interact, they have vastly expanded global trade and facilitated supply chains that stretch around the world. But vulnerabilities in the system became apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Problems at key bottlenecks in the system, compounded by an unexpected six-day shutdown of the vital Suez Canal, precipitated global disruptions leading to shortages of goods and soaring prices around the world. As the global shipping industry recovers, it will have an opportunity to transition toward a system that is more resilient.

Evaluating the Use of Electronic Door Seals (E-Seals) on Shipping Containers

2012 ◽  
pp. 283-299
Author(s):  
Edward McCormack ◽  
Mark Jensen ◽  
Al Hovde
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Mechanical Seals ◽  
Supply Chain Efficiency ◽  
Frequency Standards ◽  
Shipping Containers

In this study, electronic door seals (E-seals) are tested on shipping containers that traveled through ports, over borders, and on roadways. The findings show that using RFID devices increases supply chain efficiency and improves the security of containerized cargo movements, particularly when E-seals replace common mechanical seals. Before the benefits of E-seals can be realized, several barriers must be addressed. A lack of frequency standards for E-seals is a major problem, hindering their acceptability for global trade. Routine use of E-seals also requires new processes that may slow their acceptance by the shipping industry. Disposable E-seals, which decrease industry concerns about costs and enforcement agency concerns about security by eliminating the need to recycle E-seals, are not common because they must be manufactured in large quantities to be cost effective. Compatibility with existing highway systems could also promote E-seal acceptance, as containers could be tracked on roadways.

Reintegrating Cuba into the Global Economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 241-276
Author(s):  
Larry Catá Backer
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
Political Dialogue ◽  
The World ◽  
The U.S

This chapter seeks to answer the question: What internal Cuban legal adjustments are necessary for Cuba to enter into a fully normalized relationship with the United States. and the rest of the world? The chapter first focuses on the adjustments Cuba might have to undertake if it is to embed itself within the structures of global trade and finance. Next, the chapter examines the extent to which Cuba is disposed to consider these possible reforms. Third, it examines what may be possible in the aftermath of the U.S. presidential election of 2016 (and its aftermath) and other global changes, including the emergence of a Chinese alternative to national embedding in global trade. These have considerably changed the terrain within with the consequences of U.S.-Cuba normalization can be considered. The examination considers the value of the European Union’s strategic initiative, the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement (PDCA), as a viable basis for Cuban reintegration in the global economy.

scholarly journals A Model of an Economic Efficiency Evaluation System of a Maritime Container Supply Chain

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Jędrzej Charłampowicz
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Critical Literature

Containerization was one of the catalysts of the globalization processes that took place in the 20th century. Nowadays container shipping is one of the main transport modes in the global economy. The ability to connect distant production centres with consumption centres largely influenced the acceleration of the global trade. Due to the globalization and characteristics of the global trade it is almost impossible to perceive global supply chains without maritime transport. Although the efficiency of the supply chain is a crucial factor of the economic perspective of supply chain management, not much space is devoted to that issue in the literature. The main purpose of this paper is to design and develop a model of an economic efficiency evaluation system of maritime container supply chains. Some general research methods, such as a critical literature review and methods of logical reasoning were used to achieve this goal. Additionally some economic modelling methods were adapted. Thepresented model isdeveloping the current state-of-the-art knowledge in the field of economic efficiency evaluation of supply chains. Unfortunately this model could not be confronted with real business data due to research limitations.

scholarly journals Agile Port and Intermodal Transport Operations Model to Secure Lean Supply Chains Concept

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Beškovnik ◽  
Elen Twrdy
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Intermodal Transport ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Operation Procedure

This article presents a strategic view of industry’s expectations from the lean supply chains concept in relation to the container shipping industry. The global market is putting the shipping industry under strong pressure as new trends in logistics seek new opportunities to cut unnecessary costs and players in the supply chain management and in the intermodal transport. For this reason we performed a research on how the intermodal transport can secure efficient transport operations. The emphasis is mainly on setting up the agile port and intermodal transport model, in which all necessary subjects should be involved in a unique supply chain. Thus we analyzed port operators, shipping lines and inland transport operators and the way they eliminate waste processes in their everyday operation procedure. Considering all important dynamic facts in the container and shipping industry and our analyses of the intermodal service through the port of Koper we propose the agile port and inland operations model suitable to improve intermodal service and to secure lean supply chains for containerized cargo. Consequently, we came to the conclusion that some traditional subjects in the traditional supply chain are not needed; while others, like customs authorities and inspection companies should be involved adequately to secure efficient organization of agile services in the ports, on the borders between different countries and at final destinations. KEY WORDS: lean supply chains, agile intermodal operations, shipping lines, port operators, inland transport operators

scholarly journals The development of a performance measurement system for the South African container shipping industry

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taryn Hector ◽  
George Ruthven
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Current System ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Performance Measurement System ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
A Performance

Globalisation is dependent on efficient supply chains and a variety of transport systems. South Africa participates in the world’s economy with an extensive container shipping industry, as well as a road/rail/air distribution system. One of the aims of this research study was to develop a measurement system, or model, that may assist in measuring the performance of a container shipping service, from the time a ship arrives in the harbour, through the process in the container depot until the container arrives at the final customer for imports, and the other way round for exports. The objective was to develop a performance index that would assist management in assessing and/or improving the current system. It is a global phenomenon that inefficiencies cannot be eliminated by a single organisation; it requires the cooperation of all the parties in a supply chain.

Pandemic Corporate Governance Approaches

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
E.I. Zvorykina ◽  
A.L. Politov ◽  
Yu.V. Zvorykina
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Global Supply Chains ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Tremendous Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on the business and global investment community. This pandemic differs from the previous ones in that it occurs in the digital age; the epidemiological situation around the world is recorded daily, this allows the one to model the forecasts quite accurately; most companies have the ability to continue working, but to organize it in a remote format. However, one of the devastating factors is that a pandemic destroys global supply chains, disrupts production and can lead to a significant loss of company revenue and adversely affect the global economy. The ability to adapt to these conditions, as well as the speed of this process are important factors for the survival of companies. Corporate governance plays an important role in this process. This article describes the main trends in the organization of corporate governance in a pandemic.

28. Global trade and global finance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Watson
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Finance ◽  
Occupy Movement ◽  
Transatlantic Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
Global Economic Governance

This chapter explores important issues in the conduct of global trade and global finance. It asks why the global economy is so good at allowing some people to own untold riches while many others have too little money to meet basic subsistence needs, and whether the world would be better or worse off without the institutions of global economic governance. After discussing the globalization of trade and finance, the chapter considers the regulation of global trade and global finance. Two case studies are presented, one dealing with comparative advantage theory in historical perspective and the other with the Occupy movement. There is also an Opposing Opinions box that addresses the question of whether the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership between the United States and the European Union will provide enhanced opportunities for economic development around the world in a way that the World Trade Organization system now cannot.

scholarly journals Historical preconditions for the construction of the new Suez Canal and its political and economic significance

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Z. Turekulova ◽  
◽  
G. Zh. Esirkepova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Suez Canal ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Logistics Center ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
The Republic ◽  
New Suez Canal

The Suez Canal has become a certain symbol of Egyptian patriotism; this fact is proved by an opening of a partial backup of themain watercourse of the Suez Canal in July 2015. The Suez Canal has allowed reconciling ideologicaland religiousdifferenceswithinthe country,unitingMuslimsand ChristianCopts.Atthepresent stage ofdevelopment,theEgyptian canal not only brings significant public funds to the country, but also provides additional jobs; and the slogans for its further expansion and transformation into a modern logistics center allow the Egyptians to recognize themselves as an important part of the global economy. Creation of large transport systems and nodes connected with the transit of natural resources and goods with high added value is an important article of income of any state, through the territory of which they pass. As noted by the Elbasy of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nazarbayev N.A., transport infrastructure is a blood system of the industrial economy and society [1]. Analysis of the features of the construction and operation of the Suez Canal demonstrates the basicapproaches to theproblems of creatingnew transport arteries

scholarly journals The Costs of Container Transport Flow Between Far East and Serbia Using Different Liner Shipping Services

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Radoslav Rajkovic ◽  
Nenad Zrnic ◽  
Đorđe Stakic ◽  
Borut Mahnic
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Far East ◽  
Liner Shipping ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Container Transport ◽  
Ocean Shipping ◽  
The World ◽  
Transport Flow

Abstract Liner shipping is the most efficient mode of transport for goods. International liner shipping is a sophisticated network of regularly scheduled services that transports goods from anywhere in the world to anywhere in the world at low cost and with greater energy efficiency than any other form of international transportation. Liner shipping connects countries, markets, businesses and people, allowing them to buy and sell goods on a scale not previously possible. Today, the liner shipping industry transports goods representing approximately one-third of the total value of global trade. Ocean shipping contributes significantly to international stability and security. Considering the large and constant struggle in the market in terms of competitive pricing of products, a very important and indispensable role represents the container transport with a clear task to define the final price of the product. This paper analyzes the costs of container transport flow between Far East and Serbia, using different liner shipping services, observing the six world’s largest container operators (Maersk Line, Mediterranean Shipping Company, CMA CGM, Evergreen Line, China Ocean Shipping Company and Hapag-Lloyd) and inland (truck-rail-river) transport corridors. These corridors include distance between selected Mediterranean ports (Koper, Rijeka, Bar, Thessaloniki, Constanta) and Serbia. As a result, in this paper is considered a mathematical model that provides a comparative analysis of transportation costs on the different routes. It is observed already existing transport routes and it is also given hypothetical review to the development of new transport routes. The main goal of this research is to provide an optimal route with lowest transportation cost during container transport. Selection of the best route in the intermodal network is a very difficult and complex task. The costs in all modes of transport and the quality of their services are not constant parameters and changes depending on a number of conditions and characteristics. The analysis of this model within combined maritime and land-based networks would prove helpful for the study of logistics chains, the hinterland-foreland continuum, intermodal transport systems, and market competitiveness.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of international transport systems: infrastructure, ratings, transport corridors

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina B. Kvitko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
System Management ◽  
Global Transport ◽  
The World ◽  
Transport Industry ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Logistics Enterprises

The development of world transport depends on globalization and international integration, as well as other sectors of the economy. Therefore, the choice of the trajectory for the intensive development of the transport sector, clustering in transport is possible according to the results of a comparative analysis of transport systems around the world. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the world-wide transport systems united by territorial criteria to identify similar and distinctive characteristics with the Russian transport system, which will become the prerequisites for the introduction of foreign experience in transport clustering. In the framework of this work, the transport systems of Europe, Asia, North America and Russia are analyzed for the study of infrastructure, the activities of transport and logistics enterprises and the prevalence of international transport corridors. The main results of the analysis were the characteristics of each integrated transport system and the RF system, by specialization and nature of the system (open and closed), the interest of foreign investors in supporting the country's transport industry. The results obtained in the course of work contribute to the development of research by Russian scientists in the field of transport and systematize world statistics on the transport systems of states united by territorial principle, which are elements of the global transport system. The study should be useful for scientists, researchers involved in issues and problems of the development of the transport industry, clustering in transport and transport system management.

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