“An Urgent Need for Hygiene”

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-124
Author(s):  
Amanda M. López
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Siglo Xix

In 1909, the Mexico City Department of Public Works installed two crematory ovens in the capital’s municipal cemetery, the Panteón de Dolores, in culmination of a late nineteenth-century campaign by officials that advocated cremation as a modern and hygienic form of burial for all Mexicans. In practice, all classes rejected cremation and only the very poor were cremated. This essay examines the arguments for and against cremation and the implementation and daily practice surrounding cremation in Mexico City from the 1870s–1920. The establishment of cremation was part of the Porfirian project to modernize and sanitize Mexico that targeted the poor as an obstacle to progress. En 1909, el Departamento de Obras Públicas de la ciudad de México instaló dos hornos crematorios en el cementerio municipal de la capital, el Panteón de Dolores, en culminación de una campaña a finales del siglo XIX por los funcionarios que defendían la cremación como una forma moderna e higiénica de entierro para todos los mexicanos. En práctica, todas las clases rechazaron cremación y sólo los muy pobres fueron cremados. Este ensayo examina los argumentos a favor y en contra de la cremación y la implementación y la práctica diaria que rodea la cremación en la ciudad de México entre 1870–1920. El establecimiento de la cremación era parte del proyecto porfiriano de modernizar y desinfectar México que apuntó a los pobres como un obstáculo al progreso.

Discurso méédico, cultura higiéénica y la mujer en la ciudad de Mééxico al cambio de siglo (XIX ––XX)

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Agostoni
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Las Mujeres

This article explores why alongside sanitary legislation and public health works, Mexican physicians of the late nineteenth century attempted to transform the habits, customs and day to day activities of the population. It stresses the importance that the teaching of the principles of private and public hygiene had for the future of the country, how this education was to be carried out, and why some members of the medical profession believed that the hygienic education of mothers/women was an unavoidable requirement for the progress of the nation. Este artíículo analiza por quéé durante las déécadas finales del siglo diecinueve, el gremio méédico mexicano consideraba que era absolutamente indispensable que los habitantes del paíís, y en particular las mujeres de la capital, contaran con una cultura de la higiene. No sóólo era fundamental sanear y ordenar a la ciudad de Mééxico mediante obras de infraestructura sanitaria, y emitir leyes que regularan la salubridad de la nacióón, sino que era igualmente importante, y quizáás máás urgente, que los habitantes transformaran sus háábitos y costumbres de acuerdo con lo establecido por la higiene púública y privada. Asimismo, el artíículo examina los méétodos mediante los cuales se procuróó crear una cultura de la higiene, y por quéé la madre de familia fue considerada como una aliada imprescindible para la empresa de los higienistas.

scholarly journals Identity considerations for a psychology based on a complex epistemology

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Jaramillo Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Way

Born in the late nineteenth century, within the positivist paradigm, psychology has made important developments that have allowed its recognition in academia and labor. However, contextual issues have transformed the way we conceptualize reality, the world and man, perhaps in response to the poor capacity of the inherited paradigm to ensure quality of life and welfare of human beings. This has led to the birth and recognition of new paradigms, including complex epistemology, in various fields of the sphere of knowledge, which include the subjectivity, uncertainty, relativity of knowledge, conflict, the inclusion of "the observed" as an active part of the interventions and the relativity of a single knowable reality to move to co-constructed realities. It is proposed an approach to the identity consequences for a psychology based on complex epistemology, and the possible differences and relations with psychology, traditionally considered.

The Underdogs: 1850–1900

2019 ◽  
pp. 463-494
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Old World ◽  
American System ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
A Share

This chapter discusses laws covering the poor, women, family, and races in the second half of the nineteenth century. The American system provided a voice, and a share in the economy to more people, and to a greater percentage of the population, than most of the Old World countries did. But decisively not everybody. Women lacked rights and were definitely the weaker sex, socially speaking. For blacks, for Native Americans, for the Chinese, for the unorganized and the powerless in general, this great democracy had little enough to offer. However, there were some changes in the late nineteenth century. A movement, staffed by volunteers, arose to make charity more “scientific,” and to bring some sort of order out of chaos. In addition, a small but enthusiastic band of people, inside and outside of government, worked hard to improve the lot of the poor and the institutions that served them.

AS NOÇÕES DE PROGRESSO DO IMPÉRIO ဠREPÚBLICA: transformações recônditas em uma mesma terminologia

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 69-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ NUNES DE AZEVEDO
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Republic

 A palavra progresso teve o seu campo semá¢ntico redimensionado ao longo do perá­odo da passagem da Monarquia á  República. Durante o perá­odo imperial, o valor maior a ser cultivado pela elite polá­tica brasileira era a ideia de construção de uma nação civilizada. A noção de progresso ainda se tornara autônoma á  ideia de civilização, e não se encontrava centrada na ideia de desenvolvimento material. Com o advento da República e de uma série de transformações presentes no Brasil e no Rio de Janeiro de fins do século XIX, a ideia de progresso ganha autonomia, passa a se encontrar cada vez mais centrada na perspectiva de modernização e de desenvolvimento material da sociedade brasileira e carioca.Palavras-chave: Progresso. Civilização. Rio de Janeiro. Monarquia. República.THE NOTIONS OF PROGRESS OF THE EMPIRE TO THE REPUBLIC:  recondit transformations in the same terminologyAbstract: The word progress had its semantic field changed through the period of transition from monarchy to republic. During the imperial period, the highest value to be cultivated by the Brazilian political elite was the idea of building a civilized nation. The notion of progress yet become autonomous to the idea of civilization, and was not focused on idea of material development. With the arrival of the Republic and a number of changes present in Brazil and in Rio de Janeiro in the late nineteenth century, the idea of progress become independent, and proceeds to find increasingly focused on the modernization perspective, and material development of Brazilian and carioca society.Keywords: Progress. Civilization. Rio de Janeiro. Monarchy. Republic.LOS CONCEPTOS DE PROGRESO DEL IMPERIO A LA REPÚBLICA:  transformaciones recónditas en la misma terminologá­aResumen: La palabra progreso tuvo su campo semántico cambiado a lo largo del perá­odo del pasaje de la Monarquá­a a la República. Durante el perá­odo imperial, el mayor valor a ser cultivado por la élite polá­tica brasileña era la idea de construcción una nación civilizada. La noción de progreso todavá­a se ha hecho autónoma a la idea de civilización, y no se centraba en la idea de desarrollo material. Con el advenimiento de la República y de una serie de cambios presentes en Brasil y en Rá­o de Janeiro en finales del siglo XIX, la idea de progreso obtiene autonomá­a y pasa a encontrarse cada vez más centrada en la perspectiva de modernización y de desarrollo material de la sociedad brasileña y carioca.Palabras clave: Progresso. Civilización. Rá­o de Janeiro. Monarquá­a. República.  

scholarly journals Emociones socialistas en la huelga minera de 1890. La formación de la conciencia de clase y el giro emocional / Socialist Emotions during the Miner’ Strike of 1890. The Formation of Class Consciousness and the Emotional Turn

2017 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Sara Hidalgo García
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Siglo Xix

This article suggests a new way of analysis of the process of class consciousness formation in the Biscay basin of the Nervión (Spain) during the late nineteenth century. To this purpose the tools from the emotional turn theory are used, namely the concept of emotional regime understood as set of emotional expressions and normative emotions that underpins a political regime. The process will be studied through the great miner strike of 1890, the founding event of the working class movement in this area, or emotional response to the experience of social, economic and political changes by some miners in the Triano-Somorrostro zone. In this way, a “red Socialist emotional regime” would have emerged in 1890 which, from the Biscay labour class, revolved around aspects such as: defence of a code of dignity, pacifism in the protest, and a new and strong emotional norm to create community such as solidarity.Key WordsEmotional turn, Biscay socialism, working class, miners, red Socialist emotional regime, 1890 strike in Biscay.ResumenEste artículo propone un análisis renovado del proceso de formación de la conciencia de clase en la cuenca vizcaína del Nervión (España) a finales del siglo XIX. Para ello se usan las herramientas que proporciona la teoría del giro emocional, en concreto el concepto de régimen emocional o la normatividad emocional que sirve de base al régimen político. El estudio se centra en la huelga minera de 1890, acontecimiento fundacional del movimiento obrero en esta área, que es explicado como la expresión de la respuesta emocional de la experiencia de los cambios sociales, económicos y políticos dada por algunos obreros mineros de Triano-Somorrostro. Así, en 1890 habría nacido un “régimen emocional socialista rojo” que, surgido de la clase obrera vizcaína, pivotó sobre elementos tales como la defensa de un código de dignidad obrero, el pacifismo en las acciones de protesta, y la aparición de una nueva y poderosa norma emocional para crear comunidad como es la solidaridad.Palabras claveGiro emocional, socialismo vizcaíno, clase obrera, mineros, régimen emocional socialista rojo, huelga de 1890 en Vizcaya.

scholarly journals Ontario Retailers in the Early Twentieth Century: Dismantling the Social Bridge

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-227
Author(s):  
David Monod
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working People ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Abstract This article explores the theory that late-nineteenth century and eary-twentieth century retailing served as an avenue to upward mobility. An examination of retailing in Ontario suggests two things: first, that shopkeeping was a deeply stratified occupation in which the poor remained marginalized at the bottom: and second, that over the course of the early twentieth century interest in retailing declined among working people as the business of storekeeping “professionalized”.

Cuban Communities in Late Nineteenth-Century Mexico

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Antonia Muller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
Cuban Diaspora ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Migratory Patterns

This chapter closely examines the development of Cuban migrant communities in three Mexican cities: Veracruz, Merida, Mexico City and compares them to Cuban communities established in the United States. Examining migratory patterns, economy, politics, race, culture and interstate and cross regional connections, this chapter posits that shifting our focus away from the United States and centering on Mexico allows us to truly appreciate the breadth and scope of the nineteenth-century Cuban Diaspora.

A Question of Breeding: Zootechny and Colonial Attitudes toward the Tropical Environment in the Late Nineteenth-Century Philippines

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Bankoff
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Tropics

“The horse of these islands has arrived at such a state of degeneration,” concludes a report to the Governor-general of the Philippines in 1883, “that it is useless to think of its rejuvenation, it being much easier and more convenient to create a new breed with the importation of mares and Stallions from Spain” (Raza de Caballeria de Filipinas 1883). The debate over the colonial government's attempt to improve equine bloodlines through a selected breeding program with Arab stallions in the 1880s reveals much about changing Spanish attitudes toward nature in tropical regions. Although colonialism had endured in the Philippines since 1565, it was only in the nineteenth century that Europeans began to see themselves as maladapted to settlement in the islands. The tropics were increasingly regarded as a hostile and deleterious environment, and prolonged exposure to a hot and moist climate was blamed for the poor health of individuals and a progressive degeneration of race. Yet far from having to await the advances in bacteriology and parasitology of a new century (Anderson 1995), Spaniards displayed a growing conviction as to the efficacy of their own ability to control the natural world through an understanding of the processes of acclimatization.

scholarly journals La fábula esópica: transmisión y difusión en la cultura sefardí contemporánea

2015 ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Sánchez Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Spanish Press

<p>Resumen:</p><p>A pesar de que el cuento popular es un género muy conocido y apreciado por los sefardíes, apenas se han conservado relatos sobre animales o fábulas en la tradición moderna y contemporánea. Por este motivo, es bastante destacado que hayamos encontrado algunas fábulas entre las páginas de algunos periódicos sefardíes, publicados entre finales del siglo xix y principios del xx. En el presente trabajo se editan y estudian varias fábulas esópicas que se incluyeron en los siguientes periódicos en judeoespañol: <em>El Amigo de la Famiya</em> (Constantinopla, 1881-1886), <em>La Époka Literaria</em> (Salónica, 1908) y <em>El Rizón</em> (Salónica, 1926-1939).</p><p> </p><p>Palabras clave: judeoespañol, prensa, fábula, sefardíes.</p><p> </p><p>Abstract:</p><p>Despite that folktale is a very well known and appreciated genre by the Sephardim people, barely have been preserved some animal tales or fables in modern and contemporary tradition. For this reason it is noteworthy that we have found some fables among the pages of some Sephardic newspapers which had been published between the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. In this work we edited and studied several aesopic fables that were included in the following newspapers in djudeo-espanyol (ladino): <em>El Amigo de la Famiya</em> (Constantinople 1881-1886), <em>La Époka Literaria</em> (Thessaloniki, 1908) <em>El Rizón</em> (Thessaloniki, 1926-1939).</p><p> </p><p>Key words: Judeo-Spanish, press, fable, Sephardic.</p>

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