scholarly journals Capacity to Consent to Sexual Risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Craig
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Legal Capacity ◽  
Capacity To Consent ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Intellectual Capacity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

In delineating the legal boundaries of capacity to consent to sexual touching, law makers and jurists must grapple with tensions between sexual liberty, morality, sexual minority equality interests, and public safety. Legal rules that stipulate that an individual cannot consent in advance to unconscious sexual activity, or that an individual under a certain age or with a particular intellectual capacity cannot consent to sexual touching have an impact on sexual liberty and should be justified. In this sense, defining legal capacity to consent to sex throws into relief the tensions between sexual liberty and the protection of sexual integrity. This is true across jurisdictions, regardless of the substantive definition of consent adopted by a particular legal system. This paper argues that establishing these limits based on normative assessments about specific sexual acts poses too great a threat to the liberty interests of women and sexual minorities. A better approach is to accept that in sex, as is probably true of all complex human interactions, an accurate application of the definitional turns on the particular. Context is everything. No sexual act, including one that objectifies, is inherently harmful. The paper offers an alternative approach by suggesting that laws defining capacity to consent should be justified on the basis of assessments of risk rather than moral assessments about sex. This stands to circumscribe law’s limits on sexual liberty in ways that are better for women and sexual minorities. What this approach does not resolve is the paradox presented by the reality that although sex is inherently contextual, criminal laws prohibiting violations of sexual integrity should not be applied contextually. The paper explores how a recent legal ruling in Canada denying the capacity to provide advance consent to unconscious sex reveals this paradox. The discussion concludes by asserting that the failure of law to exclude morally inculpable unconscious sex between ongoing sexual partners reveals the limits of law and in doing so suggests the need to reevaluate the law’s conception of the relationship between sexual liberty and sexual integrity.

scholarly journals Explicit and Intrinsic Intention to Receive COVID-19 Vaccination among Heterosexuals and Sexual Minorities in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7260
Author(s):  
Yen-Ju Lin ◽  
Yu-Ping Chang ◽  
Wen-Jiun Chou ◽  
Cheng-Fang Yen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

The present study compared the levels of explicit and intrinsic intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination among sexual minority and heterosexual individuals and examined the association of explicit and intrinsic intentions with sexual orientation. We enrolled 171 sexual minority and 876 heterosexual individuals through a Facebook advertisement. The participants’ explicit and intrinsic intentions to receive COVID-19 vaccination and their risk perception of COVID-19 were measured. We discovered that sexual minority individuals had higher levels of explicit and intrinsic intention to receive vaccination relative to heterosexual individuals. Intrinsic intention was positively associated with explicit intention after the effects of demographic characteristics and risk perception of COVID-19 were controlled for. Sexual orientation did not moderate the association between explicit and intrinsic intentions. The present study determined the relationship between sexual orientation and intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination.

Parametric Distributions of Underdiagnosis Parameters Used To Estimate Annual Burden of Illness for Five Foodborne Pathogens

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC D. EBEL ◽  
MICHAEL S. WILLIAMS ◽  
WAYNE D. SCHLOSSER
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Pathogenic Organism ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Estimates of the burden of bacterial foodborne illness are used in applications ranging from determining economic losses due to a particular pathogenic organism to improving our understanding of the effects of antimicrobial resistance or changes in pathogen serotype. Estimates of the total number of illnesses can be derived by multiplying the number of observed illnesses, as reported by a specific active surveillance system, by an underdiagnosis factor that describes the relationship between observed and unobserved cases. The underdiagnosis factor can be a fixed value, but recent research efforts have focused on characterizing the inherent uncertainty in the surveillance system with a computer simulation. Although the inclusion of uncertainty is beneficial, re-creating the simulation results for every application can be burdensome. An alternative approach is to describe the underdiagnosis factor and its uncertainty with a parametric distribution. The use of such a distribution simplifies analyses by providing a closed-form definition of the underdiagnosis factor and allows this factor to be easily incorporated into Bayesian models. In this article, we propose and estimate parametric distributions for the underdiagnosis multipliers developed for the FoodNet surveillance systems in the United States. Distributions are provided for the five foodborne pathogens deemed most relevant to meat and poultry.

The development of socio-legal studies in the United Kingdom

Legal Studies ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

There is no agreed definition of socio-legal studies: some use the term broadly to cover the study of law in its social context, but I prefer to use it to refer to the study of the law and legal institutions from the perspectives of the social sciences (viz all the social sciences – not only sociology). The last decade has seen many developments in this enterprise. Many younger academic lawyers became dissatisfied with the traditional type of legal scholarship, which concentrated on the internal consistency of the law and the inter-relationship of different legal rules. They showed great interest in studying the realities of the law in action, the social effects of law and the relationship of law to wider questions of social structure, and naturally turned to the social sciences for assistance.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review of the Relationship between Victimization, Depression and Suicide Ideation among Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MagtumAnak Aen ◽  
Norhayatibinti Ibrahim ◽  
NormahbintiChe Din
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stressful Experience ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To study the relationship between victimization, depression, and suicide ideation among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. Methods: From a narrative overview of the literature, synthesizing the findings of the relationship between victimization, depression, and suicide ideation among LGB individuals, from a search of relevant database, 3,685 journal articles were retrieved – of which 16 met the study’s inclusion criteria. Results and Discussion: Victimization represents a highly stressful experience for the individual involved. Individuals perceived as sexual minorities (i.e., gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgendered) are specific targets of victimization. Compared to their heterosexual counterparts, sexual minority individuals are more likely to report sexual minority-specific victimization. Sexual minorities are more vulnerable to poor mental health outcomes (e.g., the symptoms of depression) than sexual majorities. This is related to LGBT victimization. Sexual minorities are more likely to report having suicide ideation and attempt than heterosexual individuals. This is associated with LGBT victimization. There is a significant relationship between symptoms of depression and the lifetime history of suicide ideation and attempt among LGBT individuals.

ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE CAPITAL OF UKRAINE - THE HERO CITY OF KYIV AS A GUARANTEE OF THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS OF UKRAINE AND THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY OF THE CITY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Chepov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
City Councils ◽  
The Social ◽  
District Management ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The qualitative and clear definition of the legal regime of the capital of Ukraine, the hero city of Kyiv, is influenced by its legislative enshrinement, however, it should be noted that discussions are ongoing and one of the reasons for the unclear legal status of the capital is the ambiguity of current legislation in this area. Separation of the functions of the city of Kyiv, which are carried out to ensure the rights of citizens of Ukraine and the functions that guarantee the rights of the territorial community of the city of Kyiv. In the modern world, in legal doctrine and practice, the capital is understood as the capital of the country, which at the legislative level received this status and, accordingly, is the administrative and political center of the state, which houses the main state bodies and diplomatic missions of other states. It is the identification of the boundaries of the relationship between the competencies of state administrations and local self-government, in practice, often raises questions about their delimitation and ways of regulatory solution. Peculiarities of local self-government in Kyiv city districts are defined in the provisions of the Law on the Capital, which reveal the norms of the Constitution in these legal relations, according to which the issue of organizing district management in cities belongs to city councils. Likewise, it is unregulated by law to lose the particularity of the legal status of the territory of the city. It should be emphasized that the subject of administrative-legal relations is not a certain administrative-territorial entity, but the social group is designated - the territorial community of the city of Kiev, kiyani. Thus, the provisions on the city of Kyiv partially ignore the potential of the territorial community.

Compliance and Conflict of Value in Public Policy Implementation: Comparison between the New Order and the Reformation Era

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwiyanto Indiahono ◽  
Erwan Purwanto ◽  
Agus Pramusinto
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Public Policy Implementation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conflict Of Value ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to examine differences in the relationship of bureaucratic and political officials during the New Order (Soeharto’s era) and the Reformation (post-Soeharto) era within the arena of public policy implementation. This is a matter of importance given that there is a change in relations between the two from integration in the New Order to bureaucratic impartiality in the Reformation Era. This study attempts to answer the question: How were the relations of bureaucratic and political officials in the implementation of local level public policy during the New Order and the Reformation Era? A qualitative research has been conducted in Tegal Municipality using the following data collection techniques: interview, focus group discussion, documentation, and observation. Tegal Municipality was selected as the study location because of the unique relationship shown between the mayor and the bureaucracy. Its uniqueness lies in the emergence of bureaucratic officials who dare to oppose political officials, based on their convictions that bureaucratic/public values should be maintained even if it means having to be in direct conflict with political officials. This research indicates that the relationship between bureaucratic and political officials in the arena of local level policy implementation during the New Order was characterized as being full of pressure and compliance, whereas during the Reformation Era bureaucrats have the audacity to hinder policy implementation. Such audacity to thwart policies is considered to have developed from a stance that aims to protect public budget and values in policies. The occurring conflict of values here demonstrates a dichotomy of political and bureaucratic officials that is different from the prevailing definition of politics-administration dichotomy introduced at the onset of Public Administration studies.

The Concept of Europeanization and Possibilities of its Application to the Analysis of Ukraine-EU Relations

2017 ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Natalia Popova
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Member States ◽  
External Governance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eu Studies ◽  
The Eu

The concept of Europeanization has become quite fashionable in EU studies in recent years. It is often used for the analysis of the relations between the EU and non-member states. The aim of the article is to examine the possibilities of its application in explaining the relationship between the EU and Ukraine. The structure of the article is as follows: firstly, the concept of Europeanization is defined considering such two disputable issues as distinguishing among concepts of Europeanization and European integration as well as Europeanization and EU-ization. Next, the evolution of the theoretical research of Europeanization and definition of this concept are analyzed. Two main mechanisms of Europeanization (conditionality and socialization) are examined. The author considers main approaches to the analysis of the "external" Europeanization emphasizing the concept of "external governance". Three groups of factors which influence the effectiveness of Europeanization are briefly analyzed. And finally, the peculiarities of application of the Europeanization concept to the Ukraine-EU relations are outlined. Keywords: EU, Ukraine, Europeanization, EU-ization, ‘external’ Europeanization, conditionality, socialization, concept of ‘external governance’

О вопросах фольклоризма в письменной литературе

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Суусар Искендерова
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Term ◽  
Literature Culture ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Аннотация: Исследование проблемы фольклоризма является наиболее актуальной в современной науке о фольклоре. На разных этапах развития художественной литературы для формирования индивидуального творчества писателя особенно значимым становятся фольклорные жанры, сюжетные мотивы и художественные средства. В статье рассматривается связь письменной литературы и фольклора, особенно точка зрения проблеме фольклоризма в прошлом и их анализ. Термин «фольклоризм» начал использоваться советскими исследователями учеными как научный термин еще в 1930-х гг. Термин «фольклоризм» используется в различных сферах культуры, а в этой статье мы будем рассматривать в литературе. Несмотря на то, что на протяжении многих лет этот вопрос изучается литературоведами, фольклористами, все -таки нет единого теоретического определения понятия. Ключевые слова: фольклор, фольклоризм, литература, культура, письменная литература, художественная литература, оседлый народ, пословицы и поговорки, фольклорные песни. Аннотация: Көркөм адабияттын өнүгүүсүнүн ар кайсы баскычтарында сүрөткердин жеке чыгармачылыгынын калыптанышы үчүн фольклордук жанрлар, сюжеттер, мотивдер жана көркөм каражаттар айрыкча мааниге ээ. Макалада жазма адабият менен фольклордук карым-катышы, айрыкча фольклоризм маселеси жөнүндө мурдагы көз караштарга кайрылып, аларга талдоо жүргүзүү менен бирге автор өз байкоолорунда келтирет. “Фольклоризм” деген илимий термин 1930-жылы баштап колдонула баштаган. “Фольклоризм” термини маданияттын түрдүү сфераларында кеңири колдо- нулат, бул жерде адабияттагы колдонулушун каралат. Макалада адабий материал менен фольклордук байланышын терең түшүнүү үчүн адабий фольклоризм маселесинин талаштуу жактары каралат. Түйүндүү сөздөр: фольклор, фольклоризм, адабият, маданият, жазма адабият, көркөм адабият, көчмөн калк, макал-лакап, фольклордук ырлар. Annotation: The study of the problem of folklore is the most relevant in the modern science of folklore. At various stages in the development of fiction, folklore genres, plot motifs, and artistic means become especially significant for the formation of the writer's individual creativity. The article examines the relationship between written literature and folklore, especially the point of view of the problem of folklorism in the past and their analysis. The term "folklorism" began to be used by Soviet scholars as a scientific term back in the 1930s. The term "folklorism" is used in various fields of culture, and in this article we will consider in the literature. Despite the fact that for many years this issue has been studied by literary scholars, folklorists, all the same there is no single theoretical definition of the concept. Keywords: folklore, folklorism, literature, culture, written literature, fiction, settled people, proverbs and sayings, folk songs.

Sifat-sifat Submodul Prima dan Submodul Prima Lemah

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Hisyam Ihsan ◽  
Muhammad Abdy ◽  
Samsu Alam B
Keyword(s):  
Prime Ideal ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Prime Submodules ◽  
Unitary Module ◽  
Prime Submodule ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kajian pustaka yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji sifat-sifat submodul prima dan submodul prima lemah serta hubungan antara keduanya. Kajian dimulai dari definisi submodul prima dan submodul prima lemah, selanjutnya dikaji mengenai sifat-sifat dari keduanya. Pada penelitian ini, semua ring yang diberikan adalah ring komutatif dengan unsur kesatuan dan modul yang diberikan adalah modul uniter. Sebagai hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh beberapa pernyataan yang ekuivalen, misalkan  suatu -modul ,  submodul sejati di  dan ideal di , maka ketiga pernyataan berikut ekuivalen, (1)  merupakan submodul prima, (2) Setiap submodul tak nol dari   -modul memiliki annihilator yang sama, (3) Untuk setiap submodul  di , subring  di , jika berlaku  maka  atau . Di lain hal, pada submodul prima lemah jika diberikan  suatu -modul,  submodul sejati di , maka pernyataan berikut ekuivalen, yaitu (1) Submodul  merupakan submodul prima lemah, (2) Untuk setiap , jika  maka . Selain itu, didapatkan pula hubungan antara keduanya, yaitu setiap submodul prima merupakan submodul prima lemah.Kata Kunci: Submodul Prima, Submodul Prima Lemah, Ideal Prima. This research is literature study that aims to examine the properties of prime submodules and weakly prime submodules and the relationship between  both of them. The study starts from the definition of prime submodules and weakly prime submodules, then reviewed about the properties both of them. Throughout this paper all rings are commutative with identity and all modules are unitary. As the result of this research, obtained several equivalent statements, let  be a -module,  be a proper submodule of  and  ideal of , then the following three statetments are equivalent, (1)  is a prime submodule, (2) Every nonzero submodule of   -module has the same annihilator, (3) For any submodule  of , subring  of , if  then  or . In other case, for weakly prime submodules, if given  is a unitary -module,  be a proper submodule of , then the following statements are equivalent, (1)  is a weakly prime submodule, (2) For any , if  then . In addition, also found the relationship between both of them, i.e. any prime submodule is weakly prime submodule.Keywords: Prime Submodules, Weakly Prime Submdules, Prime Ideal.

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