scholarly journals Adipose tissue, estradiol levels, and bone health in obese men with metabolic syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Juul Ornstrup ◽  
Thomas Nordstrøm Kjær ◽  
Torben Harsløf ◽  
Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen ◽  
David Michael Hougaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveVisceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Recent studies have suggested that VAT negatively affects bone. However, MetS has also been associated with higher estradiol (E2) levels, which is bone protective. We therefore investigated the impact of VAT and E2levels on bone density, structural parameters, and strength estimates.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted in 72 obese men with MetS to investigate the impact of VAT and E2levels on bone.MethodsBone parameters were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and high-resolution peripheral QCT (HRpQCT) at lumbar spine, proximal femur, radius, and tibia. VAT volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and sexual hormones were measured in blood samples.ResultsMen with high VAT had a lower bone density at the hip (P<0.05), lower cortical thickness, and higher buckling ratio at femoral neck (FN) (P=0.008 andP=0.02), compared with men with low VAT, despite a similar body weight and BMI. Generally, E2levels were low (median 43 pmol/l), and men with E2levels below median had reduced bone density at lumbar spine (P=0.04), and impaired structural parameters at radius and tibia, compared with men with E2levels above median. At the hip, VAT volume and E2levels affected bone density independently and additively, and 50% of men with high VAT and low E2levels had osteopenia with significantly lowerT-score at FN (P=0.004).ConclusionsHigh VAT and low E2negatively affect bone in obese men with MetS. VAT and E2affect bone density at the hip independently and additively, revealing an unexpected high prevalence of osteopenia in middle-aged men with MetS.

The Impact of Degenerative Spinal Changes on the Correlation of Peripheral and Axial Bone Density

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Börner ◽  
P. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Peripheral Skeleton

SummaryResults of bone density measurements by quantitative computed tomography of the peripheral skeleton (pQCT) were compared with those of measurements at the axial skeleton with a view to study the effects of degenerative spinal changes on the validity of bone densitometry of the lumbar spine. 556 consecutive patients were examined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the spine and by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) of the distal radius. There were significant differences between the bone mineral values at the distal radius and those at the spine, depending on the degree of spinal degeneration. As expected, spinal degenerations showed a highly significant age dependence. With increasing degeneration the correlations between the radius total bone mineral concentration and the bone density of the lumbar spine decreased from r = 0.45 to 0.23 in women and from r = 0.64 to 0.28 in men. We conclude that the value of spinal DXA is reduced in patients with degenerative spinal disease, compared to the pQCT at the peripheral skeleton.

scholarly journals Circulating miR-103a-3p and miR-660-5p are associated with bone parameters in patients with controlled acromegaly

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Valassi ◽  
Natalia García-Giralt ◽  
Jorge Malouf ◽  
Iris Crespo ◽  
Jaume Llauger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Trabecular Bone Score ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Bone Parameters ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Background Biochemical control of GH/IGF-I excess in acromegaly (ACRO) is associated with persistent impairment of trabecular microstructure leading to increased risk of vertebral fractures. Circulating miRNAs modulate the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and may be potential biomarkers of osteoporosis. Aims Identify differentially expressed miRNAs in the serum of patients with controlled ACRO vs controls and correlate miRNA levels with both biochemical and structural bone parameters. Patients and methods Twenty-seven patients with controlled ACRO (11 males, 16 females; mean age, 48 ± 5 years; BMI, 28 ± 4 kg/m2) and 27 age-, gender- and BMI-matched controls were recruited. Areal BMD at lumbar spine and femur, and trabecular bone score were assessed; volumetric BMD was measured by quantitative computed tomography QCT-Pro (Mindways). Twenty miRNAs, chosen by their putative role in bone, were quantified in serum using real-time qPCR. Results In ACRO patients, miR-103a-3p and miR-191-5p were found overexpressed, whereas miR-660-5p was underexpressed (P < 0.001). miR-103a-3p levels were negatively associated with both trabecular vBMD at trochanter and serum osteoprotegerin concentrations (P < 0.05) and positively with vitamin D concentrations (P < 0.01) and total cross-sectional area of the femoral neck (P < 0.05). miR-660-5p levels were correlated with both trabecular vBMD at trochanter and OPG concentrations (P < 0.05), but were negatively associated with vitamin D levels (P < 0.05). A negative correlation between miR-103-a-3p and miR-660-5p was found in both groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions Circulating miR-103a-3p and miR-660-5p are differentially expressed in controlled ACRO patients and associated with bone structural parameters. miRNAs may be one of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of bone disease and could be used as biomarkers in ACRO patients.

scholarly journals Association of breastfeeding and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in postmenopausal parous women: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2010 ~ 2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusuk Lee ◽  
Taehong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding (BF) and metabolic syndrome (Mets) is important for maternal long-term health benefits and disease prevention. This study aimed to examine the association between BF and Mets and its components among postmenopausal parous Korean women. Methods This cross-sectional study on 10,356 Korean women used nationally representative data from the KNHANES from 2010 to 2016. Anthropometric, laboratory data and manual BP were measured. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of BF with Mets and its components after adjusting for potential confounding variables. A p-value < 0.05 was to be considered statistically significant. Results Mets was present in 42% of the study participants. The BF group had low household income and education level. The prevalence of Mets in the BF group was higher than that in the non-BF group (42.69% vs. 34.76%, p <  0.001). BF was associated with increased risk of Mets (odds ratio [OR]: 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.65, p <  0.001). The BF group was at higher risks for diabetes (OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.14–1.98), hypertension (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.03–1.68), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.02–1.99) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.06–1.65). Conclusion In this study, BF did not affect decreasing the prevalence of Mets and its components.

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Infant Adiposity at Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Manoja P. Herath ◽  
Jeffrey M. Beckett ◽  
Andrew P. Hills ◽  
Nuala M. Byrne ◽  
Kiran D. K. Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Exposure to untreated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in utero increases the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood, and increased adiposity in GDM-exposed infants is suggested as a plausible mediator of this increased risk of later-life metabolic disorders. Evidence is equivocal regarding the impact of good glycaemic control in GDM mothers on infant adiposity at birth. We systematically reviewed studies reporting fat mass (FM), percent fat mass (%FM) and skinfold thicknesses (SFT) at birth in infants of mothers with GDM controlled with therapeutic interventions (IGDMtr). While treating GDM lowered FM in newborns compared to no treatment, there was no difference in FM and SFT according to the type of treatment (insulin, metformin, glyburide). IGDMtr had higher overall adiposity (mean difference, 95% confidence interval) measured with FM (68.46 g, 29.91 to 107.01) and %FM (1.98%, 0.54 to 3.42) but similar subcutaneous adiposity measured with SFT, compared to infants exposed to normal glucose tolerance (INGT). This suggests that IGDMtr may be characterised by excess fat accrual in internal adipose tissue. Given that intra-abdominal adiposity is a major risk factor for metabolic disorders, future studies should distinguish adipose tissue distribution of IGDMtr and INGT.

scholarly journals What is the impact of multimorbidity on the risk of hospitalisation in older adults? A systematic review study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e049974
Author(s):  
Luciana Pereira Rodrigues ◽  
Andréa Toledo de Oliveira Rezende ◽  
Letícia de Almeida Nogueira e Moura ◽  
Bruno Pereira Nunes ◽  
Matias Noll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Review Study ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe development of multiple coexisting chronic diseases (multimorbidity) is increasing globally, along with the percentage of older adults affected by it. Multimorbidity is associated with the concomitant use of multiple medications, a greater possibility of adverse effects, and increased risk of hospitalisation. Therefore, this systematic review study protocol aims to analyse the impact of multimorbidity on the occurrence of hospitalisation in older adults and assess whether this impact changes according to factors such as sex, age, institutionalisation and socioeconomic status. This study will also review the average length of hospital stay and the occurrence of hospital readmission.Methods and analysisA systematic review of the literature will be carried out using the PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria will incorporate cross-sectional, cohort and case–control studies that analysed the association between multimorbidity (defined as the presence of ≥2 and/or ≥3 chronic conditions and complex multimorbidity) and hospitalisation (yes/no, days of hospitalisation and number of readmissions) in older adults (aged ≥60 years or >65 years). Effect measures will be quantified, including ORs, prevalence ratios, HRs and relative risk, along with their associated 95% CI. The overall aim of this study is to widen knowledge and to raise reflections about the association between multimorbidity and hospitalisation in older adults. Ultimately, its findings may contribute to improvements in public health policies resulting in cost reductions across healthcare systems.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. The results will be disseminated via submission for publication to a peer-reviewed journal when complete.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021229328.

scholarly journals Dual Effects of Hearing Loss and Dementia on Functional Limitations in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
Michael McKee ◽  
Yunshu Zhou ◽  
Joshua Ehrlich ◽  
Elham Mahmoudi ◽  
Jennifer Deal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Household Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Mobility ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Age-related hearing loss (HL) is both common and associated with elevated risk for cognitive decline and poorer health. To care for an aging population, it is critical to understand the effect of coexisting HL and dementia on functional activities. The effect of co-existing dementia and self-reported HL on daily functioning were assessed. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using nationally-representative data from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study consisting of U.S. adults 65+. The sample included 1,829 adults with HL (22.8%) and 5,338 adults without HL. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to model the independent effects and interaction of self-reported HL and dementia status on three validated functional activity scales (self-care, mobility, and household). All analyses adjusted for sociodemographic and medical factors. HL participants were more likely to be white, older, male, less educated (p &lt;0.01). 8.4% had possible dementia and 6.5% had probable dementia. Respondents with HL or possible or probable dementia had significantly lower mobility, self-care, and household activity scores (p&lt;.001 for all comparisons) compared to their peers. A small yet significant interaction was present in all models, suggesting that HL respondents with co-occurring dementia had lower mobility, self-care, and household activity scores than predicted by the independent effects of dementia and self-reported HL (p&lt;.001 for all comparisons). Older adults with co-occurring dementia and HL are at increased risk for poor functioning and should be screened by healthcare providers. Future work should consider the impact of intervention in this vulnerable/at-risk population.

scholarly journals Cortisol, DHEAS, their ratio and the metabolic syndrome: evidence from the Vietnam Experience Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C Phillips ◽  
Douglas Carroll ◽  
Catharine R Gale ◽  
Janet M Lord ◽  
Wiebke Arlt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vietnam Era

ObjectivesThe aim of these analyses was to examine the association of cortisol, DHEAS and the cortisol:DHEAS ratio with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components.DesignThe analyses were cross-sectional.MethodsParticipants were 4255 Vietnam era US army veterans. From military service files, telephone interviews and a medical examination, occupational, socio-demographic and health data were collected. MetS was ascertained from data on body mass index; fasting blood glucose or a diagnosis of diabetes; blood pressure or a diagnosis of hypertension; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and triglyceride levels. Contemporary morning fasted cortisol and DHEAS concentrations were determined. The outcomes were MetS and its components. Analysis was by logistic regression, first adjusting for age and then additionally for an array of candidate confounders.ResultsCortisol, although not in the fully adjusted analysis, and DHEAS were both related to MetS. Whereas high cortisol concentrations were associated with an increased risk of MetS, high DHEAS concentrations appeared protective. By far, the strongest associations with MetS were observed for the cortisol:DHEAS ratio; the higher the ratio, the greater the risk of having MetS. The ratio was also significantly related to four of the five MetS components.ConclusionsThe cortisol:DHEAS ratio is positively associated with MetS. Prospective analyses are needed to help untangle direction of causality, but this study suggests that the cortisol:DHEAS ratio is worthy of further study in this and other health contexts.

scholarly journals Bone mineral density predictors in long-standing type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefana Catalina Bilha ◽  
Letitia Leustean ◽  
Cristina Preda ◽  
Dumitru D. Branisteanu ◽  
Laura Mihalache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Despite the increased fracture risk, bone mineral density (BMD) is variable in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes mellitus. We aimed at comparing independent BMD predictors in T1D, T2D and control subjects, respectively. Methods Cross-sectional case-control study enrolling 30 T1D, 39 T2D and 69 age, sex and body mass index (BMI) – matched controls that underwent clinical examination, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck) and serum determination of HbA1c and parameters of calcium and phosphate metabolism. Results T2D patients had similar BMD compared to T1D individuals (after adjusting for age, BMI and disease duration) and to matched controls, respectively. In multiple regression analysis, diabetes duration – but not HbA1c- negatively predicted femoral neck BMD in T1D (β= -0.39, p = 0.014), while BMI was a positive predictor for lumbar spine (β = 0.46, p = 0.006) and femoral neck BMD (β = 0.44, p = 0.007) in T2D, besides gender influence. Age negatively predicted BMD in controls, but not in patients with diabetes. Conclusions Long-standing diabetes and female gender particularly increase the risk for low bone mass in T1D. An increased body weight partially hinders BMD loss in T2D. The impact of age appears to be surpassed by that of other bone regulating factors in both T1D and T2D patients.

scholarly journals Cross sectional analysis of depression and stress in medical students

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler S. Jones ◽  
Deborah Rupert
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviors ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Medical student wellbeing is a topic of growing concern. Medical students experience high levels of stress and burnout and are at increased risk for depression and suicidal ideation compared to the general population. Even more concerning, medical students are disproportionately less likely to seek help for their mental health issues. Identifying and preventing these problems early can have lasting positive consequences over the course of a physician’s lifetime. We implemented a wellness program at our medical school in the spring of 2016 with the goals of decreasing burnout and depression, heightening awareness of mental health issues, and encouraging help-seeking behaviors. To analyze the impact of our program, we have implemented a quality assurance survey. Here we report lifestyle factors associated with positive screens for depression from that data and propose institutional initiatives that can be spearheaded by medical students for medical students to impact positive change.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the association of abdominal adipose tissue measurements by using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) with untreated hypertension in a Chinese population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youzhou Chen ◽  
Zhuoli Zhang ◽  
Jihong Wang ◽  
Huayi Sun ◽  
Xingshan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Background: There are inconsistent results regarding the relationships of adiposity anthropometric indices and blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, and whether these relationships differ by sex is unclear. We aimed to elucidate the associations of adiposity indices measured using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) with BP and hypertension and to determine the effect of sex on the relationships in a Chinese population. Methods: Abdominal adipose fat, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area, was measured by QCT in 1488 participants. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were measured. Results: Compared to women, men had significantly greater VAT but less SAT regardless of hypertension status. VAT, SAT and WC correlated more with SBP in men than in women. After controlling for body weight, height and age, VAT area and WC in women and VAT area in men were positively associated with SBP and DBP level. VAT area correlated more with the increased risk of hypertension in men than in women [men: odds ratio (OR) = 1.013, women: OR = 1.011]. WC had a significant correlation with an increased risk of hypertension in women but a borderline association in men (P = 0.059) when adjusted for VAT area and SAT area. Conclusions: The association of abdominal adiposity with blood pressure components and hypertension differs qualitatively by sex. WC may be an important determinant of hypertension and may be used for risk stratification for hypertension among Chinese individuals.

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