scholarly journals Involvement of CD44 in leukocyte recruitment to the rat testis in experimental autoimmune orchitis

Reproduction ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
V A Guazzone ◽  
B Denduchis ◽  
L Lustig
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Mean Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Leukocyte Recruitment ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Autoimmune Orchitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) is characterized by an interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrate and a severe lesion of the seminiferous tubules with germ cells that undergo apoptosis and sloughing. The aim of this study was to determine the role of CD44 in testicular leukocyte recruitment in EAO. The biological functions of CD44 have been attributed to the generation of a functionally active hyaluronan-binding phenotype. Orchitis was induced in Sprague–Dawley adult rats by active immunization with an emulsion of testicular homogenate and complete Freund’s adjuvant using Bordetella pertussis as co-adjuvant. Control rats (C) injected with saline and adjuvants and normal (N) untreated rats were also studied. CD44 expression was analyzed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and lymph node cells isolated from rats at different times after the first immunization. We observed an increase in the mean fluorescence intensity of both samples in the C and experimental (E) groups only after the immunization period. A significant decrease in percentage of CD44 + PBMC and in mean fluorescence intensity was observed in rats with orchitis compared with the C group. By in vitro hyaluronic acid-binding assay we demonstrated that the percentage of PBMC adhesion was higher in the E group compared with the C and N groups. By immunohistochemistry, we observed a significant increase in the number of CD44 + cells in the testicular interstitium of rats with severe orchitis compared with the N and C groups. These results suggested that the CD44 molecule is involved in the homing of lymphomonocytes into the testes of rats with autoimmune orchitis.

scholarly journals Elevated secretion of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates by inflammatory leukocytes in hyperacute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: enhancement by the soluble products of encephalitogenic T cells.

1992 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D MacMicking ◽  
D O Willenborg ◽  
M J Weidemann ◽  
K A Rockett ◽  
W B Cowden
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Oxygen Intermediates ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
T Cell Lines ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Perivascular lesions within the central nervous system (CNS) of rats with hyperacute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (HEAE) contained large numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), cells enzymatically capable of producing reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates (RNI and ROI), which, in excess, are mediators of tissue damage. PBMC and PMN isolated from the CNS and periphery of HEAE-affected rats secreted significantly (p less than 0.01-0.0001) elevated levels of ROI and RNI compared with that of similar cell populations from pertussis- and saline-treated control animals. Coincubation of systemically derived PBMC and PMN with antigen-stimulated myelin basic protein-specific T cell lines led to further increases in ROI and RNI output of between 15.3 and 83.1%, an effect that could be largely attributed to heat-labile, soluble products released by these T cell lines. Our studies suggest a putative neuropathological role for ROI and RNI in HEAE, which may be mediated via cytokines emanating from autoreactive T lymphocytes.

scholarly journals Distribution of complement receptors on human normal and malignant mononuclear cells

Blood ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-797
Author(s):  
RB Slease ◽  
JE Gadek ◽  
MM Frank ◽  
I Scher
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution

Mononuclear cells from normal human subjects and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (LCL), and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were labeled with fluoresceinated, purified human C3b (FI-C3b) and analyzed using the fluorescence- activated cell sorter (FACS). FI-C3b labeled 17.6% +/- 6.0% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from 20 normal subjects, which, when separated by the FACS, consisted of B lymphocytes and approximately 5% monocytes. Analyses in which either monocytes or B lymphcoytes were excluded from consideration demonstrated that both these cell types were labeled by the FI-C3b with a heterogeneous distribution of fluorescence intensity, indicating either heterogeneity of CR density or variable avidity of individual CR for the FI-C3b. FACS profiles of PBM ( < 5% monocytes) from 14 of 15 patients with CLL showed a homogeneous distribution of very low fluorescence intensity, with > 60% of the cells being slightly more fluorescent than unlabeled controls. This low, homogeneous distribution of fluorescence is strikingly similar to profiles of CLL cells labeled with anti-Ig reagents and suggests homogeneity of low CR density and/or avidity. Similarly, CR+ mononuclear cells from five patients with HCL and three patients with LCL displayed more homogeneous FI-C3b labeling than normal CR+ PBM. Homogeneity of FI-C3b binding to CLL, LCL, and HCL cells further supports the concept for a clonal origin for these disorders.

scholarly journals Histological Study of the Toxic Effects of Solder Fumes on Spermatogenesis in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Arab ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Exposure Chamber ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Soldering Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Objective: Toxic fumes generated during the soldering process contain various contaminants released at sufficient rates to cause both short- and long-term health problems. Studies have shown that these fumes change the quality and quantity of semen fluid in exposed workers. The aim of the present study was to determine the potentially toxic effects of solder fumes on spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules of rats as an experimental model, with conditioned media in an exposed chamber. Materials and Methods: A total number of 48 male Sprague Dawley adult rats were randomly divided into experimental (n=30) and control (n=18) groups. Based on exposure time, each group was further subdivided into two, four and six subgroups. Rats in the experimental groups were exposed to solder fumes in an exposure chamber for one hour/ day. The concentrations of fumes [formaldehyde, stanum (Sn) and lead (Pb)] were measured by a standard method via atomic absorption and spectrophotometry. According to a timetable, under deep anesthesia, the rats of both experimental and control subgroups were killed. After fixation of testes, specimens were weighed and routinely processed. Paraffin sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Spermiogenesis index was calculated and data analyzed by Mann Whitney NPAR test. Results: Analysis of air samples in the exposure chamber showed the following fume concentrations: 0.193 mg/m3 for formaldehyde, 0.35 mg/m3 for Sn and 3 mg/m3 for Pb. Although there was no significant difference in testes weight between control and experimental subgroups, there was only a significant difference in spermiogenesis index between the six week experimental and control subgroups (p<0.02). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that solder fumes can change the spermiogenesis index in experimental groups in a time dependent manner.

scholarly journals The Immune Effects of an African Traditional Energy Tonic in In Vitro and In Vivo Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mlungisi Ngcobo ◽  
Nceba Gqaleni ◽  
Vinny Naidoo ◽  
Protus Cele
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Significant Toxicity

Most of the African traditional medicines (ATM) are formulated as energy tonics to boost and maintain immune defences. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the immune effects of a traditional energy tonic using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), THP-1 monocytes, and bacteria infected rats. When tested in mitogen and peptidoglycan stimulated PBMCs, this energy tonic showed minimal cytotoxicity, while in acute toxicity studies in rats it did not exhibit any significant toxicity at doses up to 2000 mg/mL/kg. The energy tonic doses between 100 and 10 μg/mL were shown to stimulate secretion of cytokines and increase sIL-2R levels in PHA-treated PBMCs. Similar doses in PG-S. aureus-stimulated PBMCs significantly (p<0.05) increased IL-1α, IL-2, and GM-CSF while causing a significant (p<0.05) decrease in sIL-2R levels. NF-κβtranscriptional activity was increased in LPS stimulated THP-1 cells. In Sprague Dawley rats pretreated with the energy tonic and then infected withS. aureus, there were insignificant increases in cytokines and sIL-2R when compared to bacteria infected only and 5% Enrofloxacin treated rats. Posttreatment with energy tonic doses after infection withS. aureusdid not enhance inflammatory cytokines significantly but changed the immune response profile and decreased corticosterone levels. This ATM showed promising immunomodulatory effects on isolated immune cells and modulated the immune response of rat models infected withS. aureus.

scholarly journals High Throughput scRNA-Seq Provides Insights Into Leydig Cell Senescence Induced by Experimental Autoimmune Orchitis: A Prominent Role of Interstitial Fibrosis and Complement Activation

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinchuan Li ◽  
Panpan Mi ◽  
Jiabao Wu ◽  
Yunge Tang ◽  
Xiaohua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Androgen Synthesis ◽  
Chemokine Signaling ◽  
Autoimmune Orchitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

Leydig cells (Lc), located in the interstitial space of the testis between seminiferous tubules, produce 95% of testosterone in male individuals, which is pivotal for male sexual differentiation, spermatogenesis, and maintenance of the male secondary sex characteristics. Lc are prone to senescence in aging testes, resulting in compromised androgen synthesis capability upon aging. However, little is known about whether Lc undergo senescence in a chronic inflammatory environment. To investigate this question, mouse models of experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) were used, and Lc were analyzed by high throughput scRNA-Seq. Data were screened and analyzed by correlating signaling pathways with senescence, apoptosis, androgen synthesis, and cytokine/chemokine signaling pathways. EAO did induce Lc senescence, and Lc senescence in turn antagonized androgen synthesis. Based on the correlation screening of pathways inducing Lc senescence, a plethora of pathways were found to play potential roles in triggering Lc senescence during EAO, among which the Arf6 and angiopoietin receptor pathways were highly correlated with senescence signature. Notably, complement and interstitial fibrosis activated by EAO worsened Lc senescence and strongly antagonized androgen synthesis. Furthermore, most proinflammatory cytokines enhanced both senescence and apoptosis in Lc and spermatogonia (Sg) during EAO, and proinflammatory cytokine antagonism of the glutathione metabolism pathway may be key in inducing cellular senescence during EAO.

scholarly journals Distribution of complement receptors on human normal and malignant mononuclear cells

Blood ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Slease ◽  
JE Gadek ◽  
MM Frank ◽  
I Scher
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution

Abstract Mononuclear cells from normal human subjects and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (LCL), and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were labeled with fluoresceinated, purified human C3b (FI-C3b) and analyzed using the fluorescence- activated cell sorter (FACS). FI-C3b labeled 17.6% +/- 6.0% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from 20 normal subjects, which, when separated by the FACS, consisted of B lymphocytes and approximately 5% monocytes. Analyses in which either monocytes or B lymphcoytes were excluded from consideration demonstrated that both these cell types were labeled by the FI-C3b with a heterogeneous distribution of fluorescence intensity, indicating either heterogeneity of CR density or variable avidity of individual CR for the FI-C3b. FACS profiles of PBM ( < 5% monocytes) from 14 of 15 patients with CLL showed a homogeneous distribution of very low fluorescence intensity, with > 60% of the cells being slightly more fluorescent than unlabeled controls. This low, homogeneous distribution of fluorescence is strikingly similar to profiles of CLL cells labeled with anti-Ig reagents and suggests homogeneity of low CR density and/or avidity. Similarly, CR+ mononuclear cells from five patients with HCL and three patients with LCL displayed more homogeneous FI-C3b labeling than normal CR+ PBM. Homogeneity of FI-C3b binding to CLL, LCL, and HCL cells further supports the concept for a clonal origin for these disorders.

scholarly journals Correlation between inhibin secretion and damage of seminiferous tubules in a model of experimental autoimmune orchitis

2001 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
MO Suescun ◽  
MO Suescun ◽  
L Lustig ◽  
RS Calandra ◽  
RS Calandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Alpha Subunit ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Autoimmune Orchitis ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

The aim of the present study was to evaluate inhibin secretion in rats with autoimmune orchitis. As we have previously described, experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) induced in rats by active immunization with testis homogenate and adjuvants is characterized by an interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrate and sloughing of the germinal epithelium. At 120 days after the first immunization 60% of the rats exhibited a severe orchitis with large areas of aspermatogenic seminiferous tubules in which only spermatogonia and Sertoli cells with cytoplasmic vacuolization remained attached to the tubular wall. None of the untreated (N) or control (C) rats revealed pathological alterations. Sixty percent decrease in testis weight was observed in rats with EAO compared with N or C groups. A 3-fold increase in serum FSH levels was observed in rats with EAO compared with N or C groups (19.8+/-3.7 vs 5.6+/-0.3 and 5.9+/-0.1 ng/ml respectively). A significant decrease in inhibin B levels was observed in rats with EAO when compared with N or C groups (40+/-4.6 vs 207+/-38.8 and 221.4+/-28.6 pg/ml respectively). An inverse correlation between inhibin B and FSH serum levels and a direct correlation between inhibin B and testis weight were found. Strong expression of the inhibin alpha-subunit in Sertoli cells of untreated and control rats was observed; this subunit was undetectable or poorly detectable in rats with orchitis. Positive staining for the inhibin alpha-subunit was also observed in Leydig cells of all groups studied. In conclusion, using a model of autoimmune orchitis our results show that circulating inhibin B levels and inhibin alpha-subunit expression in Sertoli cell cytoplasm closely correlate with the degree of damage of the germinal epithelium.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document