scholarly journals Ultrasonic welding of folding boxboards

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5766-5779
Author(s):  
Claire Monot ◽  
Jérémie Viguié ◽  
Quentin Charlier ◽  
Julien Bras ◽  
David Guérin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Welded Joint ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Ultrasonic Welding ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Welding Zone ◽  
Degradation Reactions ◽  
Polymer Binders ◽  
Technological Challenge ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Coating Weight

Today’s environmental concerns are pressuring industries to substitute paper-based materials in place of plastics in many sectors including packaging. However, assembling papers and paperboards using environmentally friendly solutions remains a technological challenge. In this context, ultrasonic (US) welding is an alternative to adhesives. In this work, the potential of US welding to assemble folding boxboards was investigated. Folding boxboards are commonly coated to enhance printability. This coating is generally composed of mineral pigments (85 to 90%) and polymer binders (10 to 12%). This study evaluated whether the presence of the coating layer allows the assembly of paperboards by US welding. Results indicated that welding coated folding boxboards is possible provided that coating weight and binder content are high enough. The mechanical performances of the welded boards met the requirements of most packaging applications. Adhesion in the welded joint resulted from a combination of thermoplastic (melting and flowing of the binder) and thermoset (degradation reactions) effects. However, it was not possible to assemble coated folding boxboards without degrading the welding zone. While the materials and process need to be optimized, this work represents a big step forward toward the adhesive-free assembling of paper-based materials.

Effects of Stress-Relief Annealing on the Residual Stress and the Microstructure of TA15 Welded Joint

2016 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng Ma ◽  
Xiao Yun Song ◽  
Wen Jun Ye ◽  
Song Xiao Hui ◽  
Rui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Fusion Zone ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Welding Zone ◽  
Weave Structure ◽  
Effects Of Stress

The effects of stress-relief annealing on the distribution of residual stress and on the microstructure of TA15 (Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V) alloy joints by electron beam welding (EBW) were investigated. The results indicated that the microstructure of welded joint presented a transitional change, i.e. basket-weave structure appeared in the fusion zone while equiaxed α structure in base metal. No significant change occurred in microstructure after annealing at 650°C for 2 h. The residual stress in fusion zone was mainly tensile stress and the maximum longitudinal stress value was 473MPa. After annealing, the residual stress near the welded joint exhibited a uniform distribution and the maximum stress droped to 150 MPa. The yield stress and tensile stress of the TA15 welding zone were 1016 MPa and 1100 MPa respectively.

scholarly journals Microstructure of Joint between Stranded Wire and Substrate Welded by Ultrasonic Welding

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihiro Iwamoto ◽  
Keisuke Yamauchi ◽  
Kazuki Motomura ◽  
Yoichi Hashimoto ◽  
Kensuke Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Ultrasonic Welding ◽  
Efficient Technique ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cu Substrate ◽  
Coating Layers ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

In order to improvement electronic and mechanical properties, welding between stranded wires and terminals is important. However, welding methods to obtain high-quality joints using stranded wires are still limited. In this report, we applied ultrasonic welding to join a Cu stranded wire to a Cu substrate. Cross-sections of the weldments were taken and observed by several microscopy techniques to elucidate the weldability and soundness of the joints. After ultrasonic welding, each wire in the stranded wire was joined together at the region where the stranded wire was joined to the substrate without any defect. Each wire was welded through the Ag coating layer, and the stranded wire and the substrate was also welded through the outermost coating layers. It was found that ultrasonic welding is an efficient technique for producing high quality joints without any defect at the interface.

Features of the Heating Process in Ultrasonic Welding of Polycarbonate Products under Independent Pressure

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
S.S. Volkov ◽  
A.L. Remizov ◽  
A.S. Pankratov
Keyword(s):  
Welded Joints ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Ultrasonic Welding ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Acoustic Contact ◽  
Welding Pressure

This paper presents a mechanism of formation of a hard-to-weld polycarbonate joint by ultrasonic welding. The method utilizes internal and external friction occurring in the welded joint area on abutting surfaces due to shear vibrations of the end of the upper part relative to the lower part. A layer of the heated welded material is formed, localized by thickness, in which predominant absorption of the ultrasonic vibrations occurs, which allows one to obtain high-quality and durable welded joints without significant deformation due to the concentration of thermal energy in the welding zone. The effect of independent welding pressure on the strength of the welded joint of polycarbonate is considered. A new method of ultrasonic welding under the conditions of independent pressure is proposed. The method consists of dividing the static welding pressure into two components: the pressure of the acoustic contact in the zone of contact of the waveguide with the product, and the welding pressure that compresses the welded products, with the latter component being lower than the former. In order to obtain high-quality welded joints made of polycarbonate and to prevent displacement of the welded edges during the welding process relative to each other, a special preparation of the welded edges is developed, which allows one part to be moved vertically relative to the other during the welding process. It is established that the quality of welding depends on the speed of movement and the angle of cutting the edges.

Coating Binder Migration and Affected Parameters: Influence of Coating Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
Zhao Hui Zhen ◽  
Zheng Shun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Coating Surface ◽  
Binder Concentration ◽  
Coating Weight

The coating binder in cross-section of coating layer will be migrated, the binder concentration will be different in z-direction of coating layer, which affect some properties of coated paper. The paper studied the effects of coating progress on binder migration and affected factors. The z-direction distribution of the coating binder which was tagged with Br in coating layer and its concentration in coating surface were examined quantitatively by using SEM-EDXA and ESCA analysis. During coating process the drying rate, dwell time from coating device to dryer and coating weight affect the binder migration. The mechanism of binder migration was proposed. The results indicated that the degree of binder migration is directly proportional to the drying temperature and coating weight, but reduces with extending the dwell time.

scholarly journals Quality Control of Welded Joint During Ultrasonic Welding of Plastics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.С. Волков ◽  
◽  
А.А. Дерябин ◽  
С.С. Холодов ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Ultrasonic Welding

scholarly journals The Influence of Technological Parameters on Durability of Products from ABS Plastic at Ultrasonic Welding

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
S.S. Volkov ◽  
S.A. Korolev ◽  
D.S. Rozanov
Keyword(s):  
Welded Joint ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Amplitude Distribution ◽  
Ultrasonic Welding ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Welding Pressure

An ultrasonic welding method for round-shaped products made from ABS plastic is described in this paper. This method can eliminate roughness and waviness on the contact surface between the planimetric waveguide and the welded part, increase heat removal from the surface of the welded part in the subwaveguide zone and improve the efficiency of ultrasonic welding as well as the strength and quality of the welded joint. It is shown that a mushroom-shaped waveguide is the optimal choice for planimetric ultrasonic welding of ABS parts of the fan wheel type with regard to the uniformity of the oscillation amplitude distribution along the perimeter of the waveguide’s working end face. The optimal form of the waveguide’s working end face is defined that entails fixing the connecting parts relative to the waveguide’s axis along their diameter. It is established that at a certain combination of the ultrasonic welding modes for ABS plastic the rate of deformation at large welding pressures can turn out to be higher than at small pressures. This is caused by the competition of three factors: temperatures, static welding pressure and concentration of energy on the welded surfaces. It is determined that for welding ABS plastic the so-called soft modes of ultrasonic welding with small static welding pressure and oscillation amplitude of the waveguide’s end face should be used. In this case welding occurs only due to the distribution of microroughness, without dents from the waveguide on the surface of the welded material. Optimal welding parameters for ABS plastic are determined.

In-Process Coating Layer Analysis of Galvannealed Steel Sheets with Monochromatic Incident X-Rays

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (B) ◽  
pp. 1211-1218
Author(s):  
Hiroharu Kato ◽  
Kiyotaka Imai ◽  
Hideya Tanabe
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Statistical Error ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
On Line ◽  
Coating Weight ◽  
Galvannealed Steel

AbstractA new method, for the on-line determination of the composition and the coating weight of galvannealed (Zn-Fe-alloy-coated) steel sheets using monochromatic incident x-rays with two optical systems, is described. In the case of galvannealed steel sheets, it is difficult to determine the composition and the coating weight precisely by simple XRF, because fluorescent x-rays of Iron are emitted not only from the coating layer but also from the underlying steel sheets. We have developed an on-line analyzer with two optical systems which are different in incident angles, take-off angles and wavelengths of monochromatic incident x-rays. We determine the composition and the coating weight by solving simultaneous equations of the data which we derive using two optical systems. Using monochromatic x-rays enabled us to obtain high precision with high speed. We considered en-or factors in on-line measurement such as statistical error or fluctuation of the distance between the sensor head and steel sheets. This on-line analyzer has been applied to the continuous galvanizing line in our Fukuyama works successfully. As a result, we have been able to significantly improve product quality.

Analysis of heat generation characteristics in ultrasonic welding of plastics under low amplitude conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Han ◽  
Jiping Liu ◽  
Daotong Chong ◽  
Junjie Yan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Ultrasonic Welding ◽  
Welding Zone ◽  
Final Temperature ◽  
Physically Based Model ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Energy Dissipated ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Temperature Area

Abstract Heat generation mechanism in processes of ultrasonic welding of plastics was not fully solved. Experiment results showed that increasing the amplitude increased the energy dissipated with the exception of low amplitudes, but no detailed analysis can be found in explaining this problem. This study proposed to investigate the heat-generating processes in such a condition with a new physically based model by solving the N-S equations. The increasing mean temperature profiles and the final temperature patterns are well agreed with previous researches. The results predicted that the distribution of heat generated in the welding zone was non-uniform. The highest temperature area changed its position with the variation of time and the amplitude of vibration. In low amplitude conditions, energy dissipation was found to firstly increase with a slight fluctuation, then decreased when the driven amplitude was larger than 5 μm. And different temperature distribution patterns were observed at these turning points.

Comparison of In-Plane Mechanical Performances of Masonry Walls Strengthened with Different Mortar Coatings Reinforced with Glass or Carbon Fiber Composite Meshes

2017 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalino Gattesco ◽  
Ingrid Boem
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composite ◽  
Diagonal Compression ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Compression Resistance

The results of some diagonal compression tests performed on solid brick masonry samples (1160x1160x250 mm3) to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different shear reinforcement techniques for existing masonry based of the application, on both sides of the wall, of a mortar coating layer reinforced with fiber composite meshes are presented and discussed in the paper. In particular, 30 mm and 10 mm thick mortar coatings, made of three different mortar types and reinforced by means of both glass and carbon-fibers composite meshes were considered. Significant resistance increases (about 110%) were attained in respect to plain masonry; moreover, it emerged that the meshes are able to prevent the masonry brittle collapse, absorbing tensile stresses in the cracked areas. By maintaining constant the coating thickness, better mortar characteristics determined an increase of the resistance increment ratio but a more rapid decrease of resistance after peak. Similar performances were attained by samples characterized by approximately constant values of shear stiffness and diagonal compression resistance. The differences attributable to the different type of meshes resulted minimal, due to the similar reinforcement percentage.

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