Risk of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Individuals with Autonomic Imbalance Measured by Heart Rate Variability

Background: Studies have reported that reduced autonomic nervous system activity could result in a suboptimal health condition and various diseases, further increasing the mortality rate. The present study aimed to determine the difference in risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in patients with reduced or unstable autonomic activity according to heart rate variability test results.Methods: We recorded blood pressure, physical measurements (body mass index and waist circumference), fasting blood glucose, and blood lipid status. Indicators representative of autonomic nerve functionality (total power [TP], standard deviation of the normal-to-normal intervals [SDNN], low-frequency band [LF], high-frequency band [HF]) were measured using a 5-minute heart rate variability test. Each indicator was divided into quartiles.Results: In men, the risk of abdominal obesity was high in the group with a low TP. In the group with a low SDNN, TP, and LF, the risk of a blood pressure increase was high. When LH and HF were low, there was a high risk of increased fasting blood sugar, whereas when LH was low, there was a high risk of hypertriglyceridemia. Women with SDNN loss had higher odds ratios for abdominal obesity and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia.Conclusions: These results indicate a higher risk of having risk factors for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, such as abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia in a group with reduced autonomic activity measured by heart rate variability. Women with a low SDNN had a 4.51-fold higher risk of abdominal obesity than women with a high SDNN, showing the greatest value of the heart rate variability indices.

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High-intensity activity is more strongly associated with metabolic health in children compared to sedentary time: a cross-sectional study of the I.Family cohort

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s12966-021-01156-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jonatan Fridolfsson ◽

Christoph Buck ◽

Monica Hunsberger ◽

Joanna Baran ◽

Fabio Lauria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intensity Physical Activity

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) during childhood is important for preventing future metabolic syndrome (MetS). To examine the relationship between PA and MetS in more detail, accurate measures of PA are needed. Previous studies have only utilized a small part of the information available from accelerometer measured PA. This study investigated the association between measured PA and MetS in children with a new method for data processing and analyses that enable more detailed interpretation of PA intensity level. Methods The association between PA pattern and risk factors related to MetS was investigated in a cross- sectional sample of children (n = 2592, mean age 10.9 years, 49.4% male) participating in the European multicenter I. Family study. The risk factors examined include body mass index, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance and a combined risk factor score (MetS score). PA was measured by triaxial accelerometers and raw data was processed using the 10 Hz frequency extended method (FEM). The PA output was divided into an intensity spectrum and the association with MetS risk factors was analyzed by partial least squares regression. Results PA patterns differed between the European countries investigated, with Swedish children being most active and Italian children least active. Moderate intensity physical activity was associated with lower insulin resistance (R2 = 2.8%), while vigorous intensity physical activity was associated with lower body mass index (R2 = 3.6%), MetS score (R2 = 3.1%) and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (R2 = 2.3%). PA of all intensities was associated with lower systolic- and diastolic blood pressure, although the associations were weaker than for the other risk factors (R2 = 1.5% and R2 = 1.4%). However, the multivariate analysis implies that the entire PA pattern must be considered. The main difference in PA was observed between normal weight and overweight children. Conclusions The present study suggests a greater importance of more PA corresponding to an intensity of at least brisk walking with inclusion of high-intense exercise, rather than a limited time spent sedentary, in the association to metabolic health in children. The methods of data processing and statistical analysis enabled accurate analysis and interpretation of the health benefits of high intensity PA that have not been shown previously.

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Association between Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Other Various Factors Defining Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Research and Review ◽

10.52403/ijrr.20210402 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

Basavaraj PG ◽

Ashok P Yenkanchi ◽

Chidanand Galagali

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Positive History ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Study Results ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean

Background: Risk factors can lead to clinical conditions, like metabolic syndrome, that predisposes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The goal of this population-based, prospective and non-randomised cohort study was to study the association between patients with metabolic syndrome and other various factors defining metabolic syndrome. Methods: All the patients referred to the department of Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical college hospital and District Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India over a period of twenty-two months extending from December 2013 to September 2015 were considered in this study. Results: In the current study, out of 100 patients, 62.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus. 70.8% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of smoking. 64.3% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of alcohol .73.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of IHD. 87% of the patients with metabolic syndrome had SBP> 130 mmHg, and 78.85% patients had DBP>85 mmHg. And metabolic syndrome was observed in 71.8% patients on anti hypertensive drugs. The mean level of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride is increased whereas the mean level of anti-atherogenic HDL cholesterol is low in subjects with MS. At least one lipid abnormality was present in > 95 % of cases. Around 81% subjects with BMI <25 (out of 38) had metabolic syndrome and 58% subjects with BMI>25(out of 62) had metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: All the components defining the metabolic syndrome correlated positively with the abdominal obesity. Systolic blood pressure values were significantly higher than diastolic blood pressure in subjects with abdominal obesity. Metabolic syndrome has multiple risk factors determined by various aspects like the race, the life style, geographical factors larger study is needed to understand the correlation between various components defining it. A healthy lifestyle, that includes avoiding tobacco exposure and proper weight control, must be encouraged in this high-risk population. Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Overweight; Risk factors; Smoking.

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Identifying High-Risk Individuals for Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of the CHERISH Community Demonstration Project

American Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1159/000495082 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 447-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nilka Ríos Burrows ◽

Joseph A. Vassalotti ◽

Sharon H. Saydah ◽

Rebecca Stewart ◽

Monica Gannon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

High Risk ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Demonstration Project ◽

Screening Criteria ◽

State And Local

Background: Most people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not aware of their condition. Objectives: To assess screening criteria in identifying a population with or at high risk for CKD and to determine their level of control of CKD risk factors. Method: CKD Health Evaluation Risk Information Sharing (CHERISH), a demonstration project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, hosted screenings at 2 community locations in each of 4 states. People with diabetes, hypertension, or aged ≥50 years were eligible to participate. In addition to CKD, screening included testing and measures of hemoglobin A1C, blood pressure, and lipids. Results: In this targeted population, among 894 people screened, CKD prevalence was 34%. Of participants with diabetes, 61% had A1C < 7%; of those with hypertension, 23% had blood pressure < 130/80 mm Hg; and of those with high cholesterol, 22% had low-density lipoprotein < 100 mg/dL. Conclusions: Using targeted selection criteria and simple clinical measures, CHERISH successfully identified a population with a high CKD prevalence and with poor control of CKD risk factors. CHERISH may prove helpful to state and local programs in implementing CKD detection programs in their communities.

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Association between Heart Rate Variability, Blood Pressure and Autonomic Activity in Cyclic Alternating Pattern during Sleep

SLEEP ◽

10.5665/sleep.3334 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 187-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Hideaki Kondo ◽

Motohiro Ozone ◽

Noboru Ohki ◽

Yohei Sagawa ◽

Keiichirou Yamamichi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Autonomic Activity ◽

Cyclic Alternating Pattern

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The influence of low-intensity resistance training combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on autonomic activity in healthy adults: A randomized controlled cross-over trial

Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal ◽

10.1142/s1013702521500013 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Toshiki Kutsuna ◽

Hitoshi Sugawara ◽

Hideaki Kurita ◽

Satomi Kusaka ◽

Tetsuya Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Autonomic Activity ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Randomized Controlled

Background: Low-intensity resistance training (RT) combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is one method of exercise to improve the deterioration of physical function. However, it is unclear whether low-intensity RT combined with NMES (RT + NMES) can be safely implemented. Objective: This study aimed to examine the influence of low-intensity RT + NMES on autonomic activity and cardiovascular responses in healthy adults. Methods: This study was an open-label, randomized controlled cross-over trial. The exercise intensity of isometric knee extension RT was set to 40% of the maximum voluntary contraction (peak torque). NMES was adjusted to a biphasic asymmetrical waveform with the frequency maintained at 50 Hz and a phase duration of 300 [Formula: see text]s. The difference in the change in autonomic activity and cardiovascular responses was compared by assessing heart rate variability, blood pressure, and heart rate during RT and [Formula: see text]. Results: Twenty healthy male college students (mean age [Formula: see text] years) participated in this study. The ratio of low- and high-frequency components of heart rate variability, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate increased during exercise in the RT and [Formula: see text] sessions ([Formula: see text]). There were no significant differences in autonomic activity and cardiovascular responses throughout the sessions during RT and [Formula: see text]. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results demonstrated that low-intensity [Formula: see text] was safe and did not induce excessive autonomic and cardiovascular responses in healthy adults.

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Cardiometabolic risk factors predict executive function scores in high-risk individuals

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.2448 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 651-651

Author(s):

Joshua Gills ◽

Megan Jones ◽

Anthony Campitelli ◽

Sally Paulson ◽

Erica Madero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Executive Function ◽

High Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Walking Test

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is expected to triple by 2050, affecting 16 million Americans. As a result, it is essential to combat this alarming increase in cognitive impairment through early detection. Cardiometabolic risk factors have shown to be associated with higher risk of AD. The purpose of this study was to determine if cardiometabolic risk factors could predict executive function scores in a high-risk population. Fifty (60.9±8.8 years) high-risk adults (classified by the Australian National University Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Index) were enrolled in this study. Participants completed a 6-minute walking test, venous blood draw, blood pressure measurement, and the digit coding symbol test (DCS). Results were examined through a multiple linear regression with DCS as the dependent variable and age, sex, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose, 6-minute walking test, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as predictor variables. The model explained 42% of the variance of DCS (p = .04) with SBP (45%; p = .003) as a significant predictor. LDL (p = .087) and DBP (p = .123) accounted for 24% and 22% of the variance for this model, respectively. These results suggest cardiometabolic risk factors predict executive function values in high-risk individuals. Higher SBP was significantly associated with lower DCS scores indicating SBP as a valuable tool for practitioners when evaluating cognitive decline. Further research should expand sample size and track values longitudinally to substantiate these claims.

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Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors in a rural black population of South Africa

European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation ◽

10.1097/01.hjr.0000174792.24188.8e ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 347-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Marianne Alberts ◽

Petter Urdal ◽

Krisela Steyn ◽

Inger Stensvold ◽

Aage Tverdal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

South Africa ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Black Population ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in a rural adult black population from Limpopo Province in South Africa. Design A cross-sectional study. Methods A sample of 1608 women and 498 men aged 30 years and above participated in the study. Sociodemographic data, anthropometric measures (body mass index, waist/hip ratio), blood pressure and biochemical risk factors were measured. A global cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile was developed. Results There was a high prevalence of tobacco use for men (57%) and women (35.4%), with women (28.1%) predominantly using smokeless tobacco. Alcohol use was very common in men (57.2%). Women weighed a great deal more than men, and 51.7% were either overweight or obese. Diabetes was diagnosed in 8.8 and 8.5% of women and men, respectively. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was relatively high, whereas 42.3% of women and 28.5% of men had low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels of 3 mmol/l or more. Hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg) was found in 25.5% of women and 21.6% of men. According to the Framingham formulae, 18.9% of women and 32.1% of men had a 20% or higher chance of having a CVD event in the next 10 years. Conclusions There was a high prevalence of chronic disease risk factors in the rural, poor black community in Limpopo, South Africa. Consequently, the population had a higher than expected risk of developing a CVD event in the following 10 years when compared with similar studies in black Africans.

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Autonomic Nervous System Response to Epidural Analgesia in Laboring Patients by Wavelet Transform of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Variability

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-200407000-00006 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. 21-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Alain Deschamps ◽

Ian Kaufman ◽

Steven B. Backman ◽

Gilles Plourde

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Nervous System ◽

Wavelet Transform ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Blood Pressure Variability ◽

Autonomic Activity ◽

Neuraxial Blockade ◽

Frequency Power

Background Epidurals are effective in relieving labor pain but result in a sympathectomy that may compromise maternal hemodynamic stability and fetal perfusion. Decreases in blood pressure and heart rate can be corrected, but markers of autonomic activity would be useful to predict and prevent such changes. The goal of this study was to find markers describing the changes in autonomic nervous system activity with epidural anesthesia in laboring patients. Methods The authors analyzed heart rate variability and blood pressure variability in 13 laboring patients using wavelet transform, a time-frequency analysis that accommodates rapid changes in autonomic activity. Heart rate and blood pressure variability were obtained 5 min before and 10 min after injection of 20 ml bupivacaine, 0.125%, and 50 microg fentanyl in the epidural space. Results Blood pressure and heart rate were not affected by epidural analgesia. However, high-frequency power of heart rate variability increased after epidural (increase in parasympathetic drive). The ratio of low-frequency:high-frequency power of heart rate variability decreased. High- and low-frequency power of blood pressure variability decreased (decrease in sympathetic outflow). Conclusions Indices of parasympathetic and sympathetic activity after neuraxial blockade in laboring patients can be obtained by analysis of both heart rate variability and blood pressure variability. The analysis by wavelet transform can discern changes in autonomic activity when values of blood pressure and heart rate do not vary significantly. Whether this technique could be used to predict and prevent hemodynamic compromise after neuraxial blockade merits further studies.

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Associations of increased spatial QRS-T angle with cardiovascular risk factors: data from the regional sample of ESSE-RF study

CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION ◽

10.15829/1728-8800-2021-3000 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 3000

Author(s):

G. A. Muromtseva ◽

E. A.-I. Aidu ◽

Yu. K. Makarova ◽

V. A. Kutsenko ◽

E. B. Yarovaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Male Sex

Aim. To study the associations of increased spatial QRS-T angle (sQRS-Ta ≥90°) with cardiovascular risk factors (RFs).Material and methods. We analyzed 1411 electrocardiography (ECG) records of men and women aged 25-64 years from a random regional sample of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study. Relationships of sQRS-Ta with the following RFs were assessed: hypertension (HTN), systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic BP (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg, pulse pressure (PP) ≥60 mm Hg; glucose ≥7,0 mmol/l, hypercholesterolemia; hypertriglyceridemia; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ≤1,0/1,2 mmol/l in men/women, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >3,0 mmol/l; C-reactive protein (CRP) >1 mg/L; overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity; heart rate (HR) >80 bpm; age >52 years.Results. Weak but significant correlations of sQRS-Ta with age (in women), SBP, DBP, PP, body mass index, waist circumference, lipids, glucose, CRP were revealed. Univariate logistic regression demonstrated significant associations of increased sQRS-Ta with HTN, elevated SBP and PP, overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity, hypercholesterolemia, elevated LDL-C and CRP, hyperglycemia, age >52 years and heart rate >80 bpm. There were no associations of increased sQRS-Ta with male sex, elevated DBP, smoking, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C levels. The sQRS-Ta associations characteristic of women was similar with associations found among the entire sample. Men with increased sQRS-Ta had no associations with any of analyzed RFs. In multivariate models, increased sQRS-Ta was associated with the following combination of RFs: age >52 years, heart rate >80 bpm, HTN, increased PP, overwaight, and male sex. According to direct stepwise selection among all subjects and in women, the main contribution to sQRS-Ta was made by SBP, age, HDL-C and heart rate.Conclusion. Despite the significance of stepwise regression model (p=0,0001), the low coefficient of determination R2 may indicate other not yet identified determinants with relevant associations with sQRS-Ta.

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Autonomic response of gradient exercise testing protocol in normotensive, overweight, and pre-hypertensive individuals: a prospective, observational, and analytical study

Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy ◽

10.1186/s43161-021-00045-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Neha Bala ◽

Aashish Negi ◽

Yogesh Saxena ◽

Sarfaraz Alam

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Exercise Testing ◽

Autonomic Response ◽

Testing Protocol

Abstract Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasing day by day in young Indian population with increase in risk factors such as obesity, hypertension etc. Although in early age, these risk factors are clinically asymptomatic but physiologically they are symptomatic. These symptoms can be best assessed by assessing the response of autonomic nervous system Therefore the purpose of this study was to compare the autonomic response of gradient exercise testing protocol in normotensive, overweight, and pre-hypertensive subjects in the form of chronotropic response to exercise, inotropic reponse, heart rate recovery, blood pressure recovery, BRPE, and heart rate variability so that the physiological abnormalities can be corrected. Results There were significant differences (p < 0.05) found in gradient exercise testing protocol in diastolic blood pressure in normotensive, in heart rate variability in overweight and in both systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure in pre-hypertensive subjects. Conclusion Gradient exercise testing protocol can be best utilized as a clinical tool in normotensive, overweight, and pre-hypertensive subjects for the assessment of autonomic nervous system which provides diagnostic and prognostic information regarding cardiovascular disease or abnormalities.

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