scholarly journals ŠVENTOJO RAŠTO LEIDINIAI VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETO BIBLIOTEKOS XVI AMŽIAUS KNYGŲ FONDUOSE

Knygotyra ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
EVALDAS GRIGONIS
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Frankfurt Am Main ◽  
Catholic Clergy ◽  
University Library ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Printed Word ◽  
Catholic Churches

Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekos Retų spaudinių skyriusUniversiteto g. 3, LT-01122 Vilnius, LietuvaEl. paštas: [email protected] analizuojami XVI a. Šventojo Rašto leidiniai, saugomi Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekos Retų spaudinių skyriaus fonduose. Pateikiama statistinės informacijos apie šių spaudinių kalbinį pasiskirstymą, leidimo vietas, kai kurie iš jų nagrinėjami plačiau, žvilgsnį telkiant į vietinius leidėjus, kurių spaustuvėse pasirodė dabar VUB esantys minėto laikotarpio Šventraščiai. Taip pat analizuojami šių knygų nuosavybės ženklai (proveniencijos), remiantis jais aptariamas buvusių LDK vienuolynų ar apskritai vienuolijų (jos buvo dažniausios Biblijos skaitytojos) sąlytis su spausdintiniu Dievo Žodžiu, atkreipiamas dėmesys į nemažos dalies Šventojo Rašto leidinių (jų leidėjų ir komentatorių) sąsajas su protestantizmu.Reikšminiai žodžiai: Šventasis Raštas, Biblija, XVI a., Vulgata, lotynų kalba, Vilniaus universiteto biblioteka, nuosavybės įrašai, Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė, Katalikų bažnyčia, vienuolynai, Reformacija Europoje, draudžiamųjų knygų sąrašai, leidėjai, spaustuvininkai, iliustracijos.PUBLICATIONS OF THE HOLY SCRIPT IN THE BOOK COLLECTIONS OF THE 16TH CENTURY AT VILNIUS UNIVERSITY LIBRARYEVALDAS GRIGONIS AbstractThe Holy Script has already lost its special significance to an ordinary Western man in modern times, although since the entrenching of Christianity in the 4th century A.D. the Holy Script was for long centuries the main cultural text of the European civilization. No wonder the first printed book from which the era of the printed word began in the culture of the world was the so-called 42-Line Bible of J. Gutenberg (in Latin, published in c. 1456).There are in total 149 pieces (or separate parts) of the Bible in the Vilnius University Library, issued between 1501 and 1600. The majority of these editions were published in Latin (70% of the Bibles), so it is natural that in the 16th century the printed Latin Bible (Vulgate) experienced its age of flowering in Europe (in total, 438 editions of Vulgate were issued ). The path of the Holy Scripture to the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) varied from such Catholic countries as France (the latter “presented” the bulk – over 25% – of Bibles kept at the Vilnius University Library from the 16th century), Belgium, Poland, Italy, Austria to such a “heretical” land as England, or such Protestant towns as Geneva, Basel, Strasbourg, Zurich and quite a few towns of Lutheran Germany such as Nuremberg, Frankfurt am Main, Leipzig, Rostock, etc. There is also the Holy Script published in the GDL – the famous Brest (or Radvila) Bible (issued in 1563). The wide geography of the publications’ origin as well as the miscellaneous (from the point of view of confessions) cast of Bibles’ editors, commentators, translators or publishers raises certain questions about the existence of ecclesiastical discipline in the GDL, for in accordance with various Indices librorum prohibitorum (Indexes of Prohibited Books), which were obligatory for Catholics, almost 46% of the 16th-century Holy Scriptures in the present Vilnius University Library were forbidden to be used at one time. On the other hand, the markings of ownership (provenances) in these books show that of all the 16th-century Bibles kept at the Vilnius University Library, which have such markings (91 copies), even over ¾ for some time belonged to monasteries, Catholic churches and colleges. Furthermore, more than half of private owners consisted of Catholic clergy and monkery. Talking of separate monasteries, the provenances also indicate that the majority of the 16th-century Bibles found their way to the Vilnius University Library from the Grodno Dominicans; the most affluent “donors”among monkhood were Franciscans (including both Observants and Conventuals). These findings, though indirectly, indicate the influence of Western and Central Europe on the religious life of the 16th-century GDL through the Holy Script – the fundamental writing for Christians.

scholarly journals The Books of Sigismund II Augustus in Vilnius University Library: Decorations of Book Covers and New Data about Provenances

Knygotyra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 35-95
Author(s):  
Sondra Rankelienė
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
University Library ◽  
The World ◽  
Manufacturing Location ◽  
Book Covers ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
Personal Library ◽  
Made In ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

In this article, the latest data about the personal book collection items of King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund II Augustus in Vilnius University (VU) Library are presented. The authors that have been doing research on these books have not ascertained all of the embossed images that were used for cover decoration and have not identified the locations of where these books were bound and have not disclosed all of the provenances. In order to amend the lack of knowledge about the books of Sigismund II Augustus in VU library, the book covers of the King’s personal library were reviewed de visu and decorative ornaments were described. The ownership signs of the books were registered once again. While describing and comparing these books with the copies in various libraries of the world, the number of physical books (14) and publications in composite volumes (21) kept in VU library was assessed. The name of one book and a publisher’s imprint of two books were specified, eight provenances that were not mentioned by previous authors were registered. While describing book covers, the embossed images were given provisory names. Connections between the supralibros, dates of binding, decorative wheels, single embossed images, and other decorative elements were detected and lead to a reasonable conclusion that eight out of fourteen books from the Sigismund II Augustus collection were bound in Kraków, five were bound by bookbinders in Vilnius, while one was rebound in the 18th century. The identification of tools used by craftsmen that worked in Kraków and Vilnius will allow to ascertain the manufacturing location of similar book covers made in the middle of the 16th century.

scholarly journals Kitabistyka: źródła, metodologia i perspektywy badawcze

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Czesław Łapicz
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy ◽  
Oriental Language

The paper contains a synthetic discussion of original and little known philological manuscripts which had been created since the 16th century by Tatars – Muslims of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – as characteristic Slavic aljamiado. The preserved manuscripts in which Slavic languages – Polish and Belarusian – were recorded in the Arabic alphabet are enormously important for the history of both languages and the Slavic-Oriental language relations. Various types of these historical texts (kitabs, chamails, tajweeds, etc.) contain the first, that is the oldest (16th century), translation of the Quran into a Slavic language (Polish) recorded in the Arabic alphabet (so-called tafsir). These sources are studied within the framework of an original philological sub-discipline of Kitab Studies whose origin and development should be credited to Professor Anton Antonovich from Vilnius University. The author of the paper discusses the research methodology pertaining to these sources, particularly the transliteration of Slavic texts recorded in the Arabic alphabet into the Latin alphabet, and introduces prospective major research tasks for Kitab Studies.

scholarly journals Newfound Excerpts from the Nomocanon in the Synaxarion from the Andrey Sheptytsky National Museum

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Marina Chistiakova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Initial Part ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

The article is devoted to two previously unknown excerpts from the Nomoсanon (Kormchaya), found in the late 16th century Synaxarion (or Prologue) from the Andrey Sheptytsky National Museum in Lviv, Rk 252. This manuscript contains readings from September to December and represents a specific version of the expanded edition of the Prologue, characteristic of the writing tradition of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The sermons, included in this copy for 17 and 25 November, are borrowed from the Nomoсanon of Fourteen Titles without commentaries, namely from the initial part of the Collection of Apostolic Rules. A comparative analysis of the articles has demonstrated that the compiler selected some successive fragments from the oldest Slavonic version of the Kormchaya and also made some omissions. The first sermon is focused on the ordination of bishops and the rules of conduct of all ranks of the clergy. The second article forbids the ordination of priests for a fee and under the auspices of the Duke. It also specifies that the bishops’ meetings should be held twice a year. A textological analysis has shown that the synaxarian sermon of 17 November had been somewhat shortened. From a linguistic point of view, excerpts from the Nomocanon bear exact correspondence to the source text. Both sermons contain brief passages from other authors and sources (St. Nilus of Sinai, the Book of Psalms, etc.). Because of the similarity in style of the work with the source, it may be assumed that extracts from the Kormchaya were simultaneously included into the Prologue by the same person, probably at a later stage of editing of this version of the Prologue. At the end of the present article, two newly discovered synaxarian articles from the Kormchaya are published.

scholarly journals Letters of Remigian Korwin Kossakowski (Remigijus Korvin Kosakovskis 1730–1780) in the Vilnius University Library

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-51
Author(s):  
Veronika Girininkaitė
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
University Library ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Grand Duchy

In this article it is aimed to tell about a person, which was unduly forgotten in the history of the Vilnius University, though among his other activities, he did a lot to support and help the astronomers, coming to Paris and London from Vilnius. A former jesuit, talented preacher, professor of Rhetorics and other disciplines in Vilnius academy, Remigian Korwin Kossakowski (1730–1780) wrote a lot of letters to Vilnius (and perhaps to Warsaw too), from 1774 on, while working in Paris as the representative of the National Comission of Education of the Commonwealth of Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The letters which are kept in Vilnius university library, mainly addressed to the astronomers Marcin Poczobut and Andrzej Strzecki (1737–1797) are mainly connected with the scientific journey of Strzecki in 1778 to Paris and London and the circumstances of election of Poczobut as a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris. Letters are filled with digressions, reminding of gawenda literary genre, providing the researcher with data on the details of everyday life in the second half of XVIII century, political and ideological views of the addressee, his nostalgy for the Grand Duchy and Poland and his exceptional gift of expressing his feelings. The style of these letters show us that the human who wrote them was well educated, highly critical, curious and well-spoken, and the contents testify the not so well known side of the history of science relations between Vilnius, Warsaw and Paris.

scholarly journals Procedural Aspects of the Work of Land and Castle Courts in Samogitia (1600–1630)

Lituanistica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darius Vilimas
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
University Library ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

Juridical culture of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is a multi-faceted phenomenon in the life of a “nation of nobles” of that time and it needs to be examined on a broader scale. In addition to other collections, the main part of a set of historical sources is stored at the Manuscript Department of the Vilnius University Library. Seventy-four manuscript books of Samogitian courts (1600–1630) have survived to the present time: two books of castle courts and 72 books of land courts. If the books of castle courts serve as an example of just a fragmentary activity, the books of the land courts are highly multisided and represent diverse aspects of the life of the nobles. The books of the land court of Samogitia of that period are divided into the groups of court acts (series A) and the court cases (series B). For the research into juridical culture, the books of the court case group, of which there are 47 units and which are further subdivided into the subgroups of proceedings and currents affairs, are of the greater interest. The Samogitian court books offer a sufficient basis of sources for the examination of the judicial culture of the nobility at the beginning of the seventeen century. It is therefore highly likely that research will be productive and will reveal intriguing shifts in the mentality of the Samogitian nobles.

scholarly journals Wielopoziomowe relacje między literaturą religijną Tatarów Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego a przekładami Biblii na języki narodowe

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-206
Author(s):  
Joanna Kulwicka-Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Bible ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Religious Writings ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
National Languages ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the genesis and the features of the Renaissance religious writings of the Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the context of the translations of the Bible into national languages. An analysis was performed on a Tatar tefsir, which – according to the most recent research – is a translation of the Qur’an into a European language – the third translation of this kind in the world. Due to the fact that in the 16th century a Polish and even a European Qur’anic translational tradition did not exist, this translation makes reference to the Biblical-psalter literature of the Middle Ages and to the translations of the Scripture of the Reformation, inter alia as far as the selection of the methods and the ways of translation or the adoption of specific translational solutions is concerned. Thus the translation belongs to the translational tradition of sacred books and to the most important trends of Polish and European culture. In this context, a medieval tradition (a continuation of the achievements of translation studies of the 15th c.) and the innovation of the Renaissance overlap. There is an analogy with the 16th-century Biblical printed texts, which also represent a transitional stage – they make reference to a medieval tradition and they also take advantage of the benefits of humanist Biblical studies.

scholarly journals On the Time and Place of the Printing of Francysk Skaryna’s Little Traveler’s Book

Knygotyra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Ilja Lemeškin
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
University Library ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
History Of ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

As we continue to solve the issues of book science of the 16th century, we have to be very guarded in questions of terminology. This is of particular importance when we talk about the Little Traveler’s Book, which begins the history of typography in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. There is a widespread belief that the abovementioned book was printed in Vilnius approximately in 1522. It would be more correct to say that the Little Traveler’s Book was completed in Vilnius. One of its parts – a set of eight Akathists and eight canons – could have been printed earlier in Prague. This hypothesis can be supported with several arguments. In contrast with the Acts and Epistles of the Apostles (the Apostle, 1525), the Little Traveler’s Book is not dated anywhere and in terms of content, it is a heterogeneous (composite) publication. Considering the content of the Little Traveler’s Book, the elements that particularly stand out are the Akathists and canons that contain unique wood engravings, endpieces, vignettes, borders, and initials. Two wood engravings were made by one “Master of the New Testament,” whose works were published in the Prague Book of Psalms (1517). The autonomy of an Akathist as a particular publication is accented by the publisher’s acrostic colophon, written in the last Akathist via initials. The Akathists housed in Wroclaw (Wroclaw University Library, No. 305071) can represent the Prague period of typography. E. Nemirovkij’s “evidence” regarding the Vilnius origin of the Akathist is incorrect.

Gabriele d’Annunzio’s Notturno, the book of the Italian war: Political commitment, national regeneration and its ideological roots

2021 ◽  
pp. 001458582110054
Author(s):  
Guylian Nemegeer ◽  
Mara Santi
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Political Message ◽  
Political Project ◽  
Political Value ◽  
Cultural Message

This article argues that Gabriele d’Annunzio’s Notturno conveys a conscious political and cultural message which is consequent of his long-lasting political commitment to the nation. This political value of the book has been mainly overlooked. Therefore, the first part of the article shows the locations of the political and war-related content, and how the book can be considered as a war diary. Moreover, the first part of the article relates the Notturno to d’Annunzio’s political project for the nation at the time when the book was composed (1915–1921). The aim of this part is to dispel the enduring critical misinterpretation of the Notturno as an intimate collection of memories and visions and to foreground its national value. The second part of the article addresses the roots of the Notturno’s political message from a literary point of view by relating it to the national commitment underlying d’Annunzio’s works since the 1880s. This commitment is based on the revalorization in the author’s literary works of the Italian national past, in particular of the 16th century, where d’Annunzio continues and renews the national storytelling of the Risorgimento.

Canons to the Left of Him: Brevard Childs, his Critics, and the Future of Old Testament Theology

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Provan
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Biblical Theology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Probable Origin ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

It is well known that the seeds from which the modern discipline of OT theology grew are already found in 17th and 18th century discussion of the relationship between Bible and Church, which tended to drive a wedge between the two, regarding canon in historical rather than theological terms; stressing the difference between what is transient and particular in the Bible and what is universal and of abiding significance; and placing the task of deciding which is which upon the shoulders of the individual reader rather than upon the church. Free investigation of the Bible, unfettered by church tradition and theology, was to be the way ahead. OT theology finds its roots more particularly in the 18th century discussion of the nature of and the relationship between Biblical Theology and Dogmatic Theology, and in particular in Gabler's classic theoreticalstatementof their nature and relationship. The first book which may strictly be called an OT theology appeared in 1796: an historical discussion of the ideas to be found in the OT, with an emphasis on their probable origin and the stages through which Hebrew religious thought had passed, compared and contrasted with the beliefs of other ancient peoples, and evaluated from the point of view of rationalistic religion. Here we find the unreserved acceptance of Gabler's principle that OT theology must in the first instance be a descriptive and historical discipline, freed from dogmatic constraints and resistant to the premature merging of OT and NT — a principle which in the succeeding century was accepted by writers across the whole theological spectrum, including those of orthodox and conservative inclination.

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