scholarly journals TRANSLATIONAL CREATIVITY: TRANSLATING GENRE CONVENTIONS IN STATUTES

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Sandro Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Target Audience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Intended Target ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Pragmatic Principle ◽  
Genre Conventions

A long-established approach to legal translation focuses on terminological equivalence making translators strictly follow the words of source texts. Recent research suggests that there is room for some creativity allowing translators to deviate from the source texts. However, little attention is given to genre conventions in source texts and the ways in which they can best be translated. I propose that translators of statutes with an informative function in expert-to-expert communication may be allowed limited translational creativity when translating specific types of genre convention. This creativity is a result of translators adopting either a source-language or a targetlanguage oriented strategy and is limited by the pragmatic principle of co-operation. Examples of translation options are provided illustrating the different results in target texts. The use of a target-language oriented strategy leads to target texts that contain genre conventions expected by the target audience and at the same time retain the substantive legal contents of source texts. This, I argue, results in translations that are both factually and conventionally correct seen from the point of view of the intended target audience.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATING CULTURE-SPECIFIC TERMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-497
Author(s):  
B. Mizamkhan ◽  
◽  
T. Kalibekuly ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Cultural Connotations ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Cultural Linguistics

The term “culture-specific vocabulary” appeared in the 1980s. Problems of translating culture-specific terms from one language to another have always been a serious issue for translators. It causes even more problems if the languages being compared belong to different language groups and represent different cultures. Nevertheless, the study of culture-specific vocabulary helps to achieve the adequacy of translation, which in turn helps speakers of different languages ​​and cultures to achieve mutual understanding. The above emphasizes the relevance and timeliness of the study of translation from the point of view of cultural linguistics. This paper will examine the peculiarities of translating culture-specific terms from Kazakh into English. It provides different methods of translating cultural connotations, taking into account the ways of living and thinking, as well the historical and cultural backgrounds embedded in the source language (hereafter SL) and target language (hereafter TL). These methods will be analyzed using specific examples, originals and translations of such works as “The Path of Abai” by Mukhtar Auezov and “Nomads” by Ilyas Yessenberlin. Therefore, the main aim of the paper is to try to explain main approaches and theories needed for adequate understanding of different cultures through translation.

scholarly journals Lexicographic Approaches to Sense Disambiguation in Monolingual Dictionaries and Equivalent Differentiation in Bilingual Dictionaries

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Marjeta Vrbinc
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Sense Disambiguation

The article discusses methods of sense disambiguation in monolingual dictionaries and equivalent differentiation in bilingual dictionaries. In current dictionaries, sense disambiguation and equivalent differentiation is presented in the form of specifiers or glosses, collocators or indications of context, (domain) labels, metalinguistic and encyclopaedic information. Each method is presented and illustrated by actual samples of dictionary articles taken from mono and bilingual dictionaries. The last part of the article is devoted to equivalent differentiation in bilingual decoding dictionaries. In bilingual dictionaries, equivalent differentiation is often needed to describe the lack of agreement between the source language (SL) and target language (TL). The article concludes by stating that equivalent differentiation should be written in the native language of the target audience and sense indicators in a monolingual learner’s dictionary should be words that the users are most familiar with.

Censorship in English-Arabic subtitling

Babel ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-579
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmad Thawabteh
Keyword(s):  
Original Film ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Visual Channel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Satellite Channels ◽  
American Movies ◽  
Cultural Affinity

This article draws on three American movies to illustrate censorship in English-Arabic subtitling. The paper argues that in translating languages of little cultural affinity, censorship serves as a remedy that can narrow the potential cultural gap. However, the paper shows that the films have been exposed to excessive censorship in the Arabic subtitles, although not in the original film. Therefore, the subtitles, usually viewed as a verbal-visual channel, work to restrict the flow of communication, depriving the target audience of much information existing in the Source Language (SL) dialogue. The fact that the shots help us understand what is being said is not fully taken into consideration by the satellite channels. The study finally reveals that two major strategies are employed in the translation, namely the omission of obscene utterances in the SL and the rendition of the SL obscenity into a less offensive equivalent in the Target Language (TL).

Rhetorical figures and the translation of advertising headlines

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Text ◽  
English Language ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Rhetorical Figures ◽  
Contemporary Media ◽  
Media Discourses

In advertising texts, the most important linguistic element is the headline. The function of the headline is to persuade readers to continue reading the remaining body text and, ideally, buy the advertised product. Using a corpus of 45 English-language advertisements and their translated Russian pairs, this article investigates what happens to rhetorical figures in the translation process. Three broad translation strategies are identified (transference, source-language-orientated and target-language-orientated) and their implications discussed in detail. The use of transference (untranslated retention of original) highlights the foreignness of the product being advertised, relying on the source culture’s attractiveness to the target audience. The most popular strategies are those which are source-language-orientated, maintaining the source meaning in the target headline. These strategies, often resulting from advertisers’ insistence on following a model advertisement, have the greatest impact on the use of figures, and examples of compensation, loss and addition can be found. When target-language-orientated strategies are employed, translators have more freedom to create headlines using rhetorical figures. The article ends by suggesting that the analysis of translated Russian advertising headlines offers another concrete example of the globalizing tendencies of large corporations and the power they exercise in shaping contemporary media discourses.

The translation of affirmative action into legal discourse in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-357
Author(s):  
Celina Frade
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Domestic Legislation

AbstractSeveral studies have recently discussed legal translation beyond the transfer of equivalent linguistic and terminological features from a source language to a target language. Such perspectives can provide linguistics, translators and legislators with a framework for translating outside events of social life, including its demands, knowledge, wishes and cultural developments throughout periods of time into legal discourse. In this paper, we aim to discuss a broader approach of legal translation to depict how public policies on affirmative action have been introduced in Brazil in the light of institutionalization and further instrumentalization by law. In particular, we make an attempt to show how domestic legislation is translated and enacted considering both the context (as the source ‘language’) and legal discourse (as the target language). Our claim is that the process entails a transformation or translation of context (common sense achieved by society) into legal discourse (law) by means of categorization of everyday concepts into legal concepts to meet both the socioeconomic and historical contexts at hand and the framework of written law. The analysis is based on the Rio de Janeiro state law 5346/2008, a landmark law ruling affirmative action in Brazil insofar as it expands the categories of beneficiaries – the so-called quotistas – taking into consideration the social, political and economic context then. In addition, we argue that the criterion of categorization is not arbitrary but is rather cultural, economic and historically driven and objectivates the human production of a role identity of the beneficiaries beyond subjective intentions. To conclude, this analysis was only made possible with the contribution of more comprehensive viewpoints on legal translation and the role played by social perceptions in the translatability of domestic legislation in monolingual jurisdictions.

scholarly journals Information-Structure strategies in English/Spanish translation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Luis Jiménez-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Spanish Translation ◽  
Source Language

This paper discusses information structure-based strategies that could be used in translating from English to Spanish. It is widely observed that many problems arise in translation when establishing the theme/topic and providing the focus content in the target language, given the grammatical instruments available in the source language. It is extremely important to use similar discourse mechanisms to present the same message in exactly the same terms from an information-structure point of view. This means that the syntactic configuration may be different in the source and target texts. I focus on three information structure phenomena, namely Passive, Topic Fronting and Negative Preposing in the two languages, to analyse the preservation of the discourse flow in various translations for the optimal use of the relevant constructions.

scholarly journals CULTURAL ADJUSTMENTS IN TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH TO INDONESIAN IN NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Yoharwan Dwi Sudarto ◽  
Suhartono Suhartono ◽  
Mintowati Mintowati
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
National Geographic ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Culture Adaptation ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Technique ◽  
Tv Show

This study describes the technique in translation which is used in the TV show National Geographic. The technique is from Molina and Albir. This research is aiming to discover the culture adaptation, addition and reduction, literal translation, linguistic adaptation in the subtitle from source language to target language. This research is started by choosing the show, transcripting the English, and rewriting the subtitle on the screen. After that, the data is analyzed from the culture adaptation point of view in translating English into Indonesian. The result of this research showed that there is culture adaptation in translating English as source language into Indonesian as target language. First point is the cultural adaptation which adapts with the habit of communicating in target language. This adaptation needs comprehension of the habit of communication in both language. Second, it is addition and reduction which make the result of translation more informative, short, and logical. Next thing is the literal translation which translates the source language literally. Then the linguistic adaptation which adapts the grammar of source language to target language. The data received had been researched to be analyzed in the translation technique.

scholarly journals CULTURAL UNTRANSLATABILITY: A STUDY ON THE RAINBOW TROOPS

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Nur Utami SK
Keyword(s):  
Religious Culture ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Original Language ◽  
Profound Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Connotations ◽  
Language Text ◽  
Formal Features

The notion of translatability is possibly done with the extent to which meaning can still be adequately conveyed across languages. For this to be feasible, meaning has to be understood not only in terms of what the source text contains, but also in terms of target audience and purpose of translation. In linguistic untranslatability, the functionally relevant features include some which are in fact formal features of the language of the source language text. If the target language has no formally corresponding feature, the text, or the item, is (relatively) untranslatable. What appears to be a quite different problem arises, however, when a situational feature, functionally relevant for the source text, is completely absent in the culture of target language. As culture has something to do with the concept, source language texts and items are more or less translatable rather than absolutely translatableoruntranslatable. An adaptation, then, is a procedure whereby the translator replaces a term with cultural connotations, where those connotations are restricted to readers of the original language text, with a term with corresponding cultural connotations that would be familiar to readers of the translated text. Translating such culturally untranslatable items entails profound knowledge on both source and target cultures. Most cases in this particular work are solved by keepingcultural terms in the source language text, with or without explanation. Ecological, social, and religious culture terms undergo the process most frequently.

scholarly journals Kieślowski’s „Dekalog” doorheen tijd en ruimte: Poolse realia in Nederlandse ondertitels

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 109-132
Author(s):  
Joke Bossens
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Script ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Dutch Translation ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
Krzysztof Kieslowski

One of the challenges every translator has to deal with is the translation of culture-specific elements. The present study approaches the topic from the subtitler’s point of view and examines the strat-egies used in the translation of culture-bound elements in the Dutch subtitles of the ten-part Polish series Dekalog made by Krzysztof Kieślowski. 74 culture-bound elements were found in the original script and compared with their Dutch translation. The applied methods for rendering these culture-specific wordsinto Dutch were categorized into source language oriented and target language oriented strategies following the taxonomy introduced by Pedersen 2005. Finally, theirfrequency was analysed in order to determine to what extent the foreign character of the Polish culture-specific elements in Dekalog has been preserved while rendering them into Dutch.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES ON INDONESIAN SWORN TRANSLATOR’S LEGAL TEXTS TRANSLATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aris Wuryantoro ◽  
H.D. Edi Subroto ◽  
M.R. Nababan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Birth Certificate ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Translation Technique ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Language Text

Legal translation is the transferring the meaning from source language text into target language which not only consists of language system but also legal system. This research aims to analyze the translation  techniques  used  by  the  Indonesian  sworn  translators  in  translating  legal  texts  from English into Indonesian. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Data obtained through content analysis on translations of the Indonesian sworn translators containing Certificate of Live Birth, Certificate of Marriage, Principles Statement of Terms and Conditions. The result of the research reveals: a) single translation technique dominates the translation technique in translating legal and law scientific texts from English into Indonesian obtains (66,67%) data consisting  of 10 variants (literal, amplification, recognized, reduction, borrowing, modulation, transposition, adaptation, colque, and description); b) couplet translation technique (32,%) data consisting of 16 variants (literal and borrowing, literal and recognized equivalent, literal and reduction, literal and adaptation, literal and amplification, literal and transposition, literal and modulation, literal and colque, borrowing and amplification, literal and description, borrowing and modulation, borrowing and adaptation, borrowing and transposition, modulation and colque, reduction and colque,  and reduction and adaptation), and triplet translation technique (1,19%) data consisting of 4 variants (literal + borrowing + modulation, literal + amplification + transposition, literal + amplification + borrowing, and literal + transposition + reduction). Researcher concludes that translation technique of legal texts from English into Indonesian conducted by Indonesian sworn translators contains three kinds of translation techniques, <em>i.e. </em>single translation technique, couplet translation technique, and triplet translation technique with 30 variants

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