scholarly journals CULTURAL UNTRANSLATABILITY: A STUDY ON THE RAINBOW TROOPS

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Nur Utami SK
Keyword(s):  
Religious Culture ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Original Language ◽  
Profound Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Connotations ◽  
Language Text ◽  
Formal Features

The notion of translatability is possibly done with the extent to which meaning can still be adequately conveyed across languages. For this to be feasible, meaning has to be understood not only in terms of what the source text contains, but also in terms of target audience and purpose of translation. In linguistic untranslatability, the functionally relevant features include some which are in fact formal features of the language of the source language text. If the target language has no formally corresponding feature, the text, or the item, is (relatively) untranslatable. What appears to be a quite different problem arises, however, when a situational feature, functionally relevant for the source text, is completely absent in the culture of target language. As culture has something to do with the concept, source language texts and items are more or less translatable rather than absolutely translatableoruntranslatable. An adaptation, then, is a procedure whereby the translator replaces a term with cultural connotations, where those connotations are restricted to readers of the original language text, with a term with corresponding cultural connotations that would be familiar to readers of the translated text. Translating such culturally untranslatable items entails profound knowledge on both source and target cultures. Most cases in this particular work are solved by keepingcultural terms in the source language text, with or without explanation. Ecological, social, and religious culture terms undergo the process most frequently.

scholarly journals Inter-Language Translation from Chinese to Indonesian: Strategies and Adjustments

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Clara Herlina Karjo ◽  
Yi Ying ◽  
Fu Ruomei
Keyword(s):  
Language Translation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Language Text

Translation usually involves two languages, the source language, and the target language. However, there is a certain situation that compels the use of an intermediary language for translating a source language (SL) text into a target language (TL) text. For example, when the source language texts (such as texts in Chinese) are not easily available in the target language country (such as Indonesia). This paper analyzed the strategies and adjustments made by the translators in doing inter-language translation or translation through an intermediary language, from Chinese to English to Indonesian. The purpose of this research is to compare two versions of translation, the first being the Indonesian translation from English as an intermediary language (IT) and the second is the Indonesian translation directly from Chinese (DT). Research revealed that IT used loss strategy while DT used gain strategy in the form of syntactic and semantic adjustments because there are many culture-specific items of the source language text that are unknown to either English or Indonesian. The findings imply that the translators should have enough skill and knowledge to enable them to accurately communicate the message of the source text to the target text audience.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COGNITIVE ACADEMIC LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES (CALLS) TO HELP THE STUDENTS IN RECOGNIZING THE LEXICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE STUDENTS TRANSLATION

JURNAL ELINK ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Astuty
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Lexical Constraints ◽  
Language Text

his study aims to describe the sorts of lexical constraints that appeared on the students translation when translating some source language texts into some target language texts. The competence of linguistic fields that the students have acquired is in the fact assumed to be inadequate and it can cause the lexical constraints.Keywords: CALLS, lexical constraints,source language text,target language text

scholarly journals Optimizing Tokenization Choice for Machine Translation across Multiple Target Languages

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Zalmout ◽  
Nizar Habash
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Context Variable ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Morphologically Rich Languages ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Language Text

AbstractTokenization is very helpful for Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), especially when translating from morphologically rich languages. Typically, a single tokenization scheme is applied to the entire source-language text and regardless of the target language. In this paper, we evaluate the hypothesis that SMT performance may benefit from different tokenization schemes for different words within the same text, and also for different target languages. We apply this approach to Arabic as a source language, with five target languages of varying morphological complexity: English, French, Spanish, Russian and Chinese. Our results show that different target languages indeed require different source-language schemes; and a context-variable tokenization scheme can outperform a context-constant scheme with a statistically significant performance enhancement of about 1.4 BLEU points.

scholarly journals Discovering the Other through the Translation of Idiomatic Expressions by Idiomatic Equivalents: The Case of Arabic into French

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-256
Author(s):  
Amal Arrame
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Communication Situation ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions

Translation is not simple transpositions operations or transcoding processes from one language to another, it involves complex mental processes where linguistics alone cannot be sufficient. It is a communication situation between two languages, Arabic and French in this case, where the objective of the translator is the transmission of his final product in a clear way, respecting the meaning and the author intention of the original version. Translation of phrases is a real dilemma for translators; however, it turns out that it is a necessity in order to discover the other, and to try to keep the same effect as the source text by giving it a stylistic touch typical to the target language. To this end, we have carefully chosen the corpus that we have translated. A corpus that reflects the originality of the Arabic language and the possibility of reducing the linguistic, cultural and discursive gaps between Arabic and French through translation. The translation processes we have chosen, take into account the target language, French in this case, its idioms, phrases and proverbs inventory, its particularity and, finally, its ability to comprehend the idea contained in the idioms of the source language.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION PROBLEMS WITHIN THE EU CONTEXT

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Indra Grietēna
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
The University ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Interference Problems ◽  
State Language

The paper reviews publications by Latvian linguists looking at the main translation problems within the context of the EU between 2005 and 2010. The author analyses the publications from three aspects: general aspects of translation problems and practices within the EU context, particular translation problems, and methodological publications providing guidelines for translators working within the EU context. The author reveals discussions on the ways translation influences language in general, the role of the source language for the development of the target language, and the role and responsibility of a translator at the ‘historical crossroads’. The article discusses a number of EU-specific translation problems, including source language interference, problems of the translator’s visibility and a translation’s transparency, ‘false friends’, and linguistic and contextual untranslatability. The author briefly summarizes the contents of guidelines and manuals for translators working within the EU context, highlighting the main differences between English and Latvian written language practices, literal (word-for-word) translation and the translator’s relationship with the source text. The publications selected and analysed have been published either in conference proceedings or in academic journals from the leading Latvian institutions in the field of translation: Ventspils University College, the University of Latvia, the State Language Commission of Latvia and Translation and Terminology Centre of Latvia.

PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH HUMOR IN UKRAINIAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (31) ◽  
pp. 401-418
Author(s):  
Tetiana Stoianova ◽  
Ksenia Chernenko
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Original Language ◽  
The People ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the study of the features of reproducing English humor in the Ukrainian language. The relevance of the work is due to the urgent need for a comprehensive study of English-language humor as a text-discursive education and the features of its translation. The aim of the study is to analyze the specifics of reproducing English-language humor. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the reproduction of English humorous discourse should take into account the national characteristics of the people, culture and traditions. Translation of humorous discourse requires the use of various transformations: lexical, grammatical (including syntactic and morphological), semantic, and stylistic. Often these types of transformations appear in a mixed form. The most effective transformations are: lexical, grammatical, and complex lexical and grammatical ones. The subject of research of this work is humor — the most common modern type of comic. The concept of humor is defined as a comprehensive phenomenon, a way of seeing, a way of life. The nature of humor depends on the linguistic and cultural characteristics of the country to which it belongs, which means that this phenomenon reproduces the national picture of the world. According to this, the translator should take into account the peculiarities of ethnic worldview in order to reproduce the content of discursive humorous education adequately. It is also necessary to be able to know at least something about the cultures involved in the translation in order to understand the original and be able to reproduce it. During the analysis, we determined that it is necessary to take into account the national nature of humor, because in different societies the same thing can cause different reactions, which leads to inadequate units of reproduction of the source language to the target language. Based on the fact that it is not always possible to fully reproduce the content and expressive-emotional coloring, compensation is considered the best lexical and semantic means of transmitting humor in the source language in the translation language. A necessary condition for translation is the selection of appropriate phonetic, lexical and phraseological means for transmitting not only the semantics of the humorous formation of the original language, but also their expressive and functional features

Simplification as a Universal Feature of the Language of Translation

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ghadessy ◽  
Yanjie Gao
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Systemic Functional Grammar ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Original Language ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
Lexical Density ◽  
Parallel Texts

A common belief among a number of applied linguists working with parallel texts (texts from a source language, L1, and their translations into a target language, L2) is that “translated language is different from the original language” (Mauranen 1998: 160). A related research question is “Are translated texts different from comparable texts in the target language as well?” One way to answer the above question is to establish “translation universals” which make translated texts different from comparable texts in the target language. The process of simplification of translated language has been mentioned as one such universal feature (Baker 1993, 1995; Laviosa-Braithwaite 1996). The purpose of the present study is (a) to investigate one of the consequences of the process of simplification, i.e. reduction in lexical density, in a number of texts and their translations from English into Chinese. It will also be hypothesized that (b) translated texts into English and (c) translated texts into Chinese, in comparison with similar monolingual texts in the two languages, will be less lexically dense. A Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) model will be used for defining and calculating lexical density. Some implications of the findings for teaching translation will also be discussed.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATING CULTURE-SPECIFIC TERMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-497
Author(s):  
B. Mizamkhan ◽  
◽  
T. Kalibekuly ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Cultural Connotations ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Cultural Linguistics

The term “culture-specific vocabulary” appeared in the 1980s. Problems of translating culture-specific terms from one language to another have always been a serious issue for translators. It causes even more problems if the languages being compared belong to different language groups and represent different cultures. Nevertheless, the study of culture-specific vocabulary helps to achieve the adequacy of translation, which in turn helps speakers of different languages ​​and cultures to achieve mutual understanding. The above emphasizes the relevance and timeliness of the study of translation from the point of view of cultural linguistics. This paper will examine the peculiarities of translating culture-specific terms from Kazakh into English. It provides different methods of translating cultural connotations, taking into account the ways of living and thinking, as well the historical and cultural backgrounds embedded in the source language (hereafter SL) and target language (hereafter TL). These methods will be analyzed using specific examples, originals and translations of such works as “The Path of Abai” by Mukhtar Auezov and “Nomads” by Ilyas Yessenberlin. Therefore, the main aim of the paper is to try to explain main approaches and theories needed for adequate understanding of different cultures through translation.

scholarly journals Lexicographic Approaches to Sense Disambiguation in Monolingual Dictionaries and Equivalent Differentiation in Bilingual Dictionaries

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Marjeta Vrbinc
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Sense Disambiguation

The article discusses methods of sense disambiguation in monolingual dictionaries and equivalent differentiation in bilingual dictionaries. In current dictionaries, sense disambiguation and equivalent differentiation is presented in the form of specifiers or glosses, collocators or indications of context, (domain) labels, metalinguistic and encyclopaedic information. Each method is presented and illustrated by actual samples of dictionary articles taken from mono and bilingual dictionaries. The last part of the article is devoted to equivalent differentiation in bilingual decoding dictionaries. In bilingual dictionaries, equivalent differentiation is often needed to describe the lack of agreement between the source language (SL) and target language (TL). The article concludes by stating that equivalent differentiation should be written in the native language of the target audience and sense indicators in a monolingual learner’s dictionary should be words that the users are most familiar with.

scholarly journals گــام¬های عـملی یک ترجــمهء حرفه¬ای Practical Steps For Literal Translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (43) ◽  
pp. 358-375
Author(s):  
Mahdi Ahmed Hussen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Sequential Order ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Foreign Text ◽  
Language Text ◽  
Contextual Meaning ◽  
Effective Translation

پژوهش حاضر که با عنوان گام­های عملی یک ترجمهء حرفه­­­­­­­­ای يك تلاش فروتنانه به دنبال بررسی وتحلیل گام­های عملی ترجمه حرفه­ای است، كه هر مترجم برای ارائه یک ترجمه خوب و درست از زبان مبدأ به زبان مقصد باید ان را دنبال کند. پژوهش از شش مطلب تشکیل یافته است, كه مجموع آن گام­های عملی یک ترجمهء حرفه­ای به شمار می روند .از میان مهمترین نتایجی که پژوهشگر به آن رسیده: ترجمه هم مانند هر فعالیت ادبی باید طبق مرحله­هایی یا با گام­های مرتب ویکی پس از دیگری انجام شود وگرنه کار کم اهمیت خواهد بود, و گام­های عملی ترجمه حرفه­ای عبارتنداز: انتخاب کتاب،گرفتن اجازه از صاحب اثر،شروع به ترجمهء متن اثر،ترجمهء عنوان کتاب ، ویرایش وانتخاب ناشر. Abstract The present paper, practical methods of professional translation, discusses the most important methods to achieve an accurate effective translation from the source language text to the equivalent target language text. The present study suggests that practical translation like any literary activity is of six main stages that follow sequential order to achieve an accurate translation: (choosing the foreign text to be translated, the author of the text permission, the text translation, considering the title contextual meaning, reviewing the text translation, and finally finding a good publisher).

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