Censorship in English-Arabic subtitling

Babel ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-579
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmad Thawabteh
Keyword(s):  
Original Film ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Visual Channel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Satellite Channels ◽  
American Movies ◽  
Cultural Affinity

This article draws on three American movies to illustrate censorship in English-Arabic subtitling. The paper argues that in translating languages of little cultural affinity, censorship serves as a remedy that can narrow the potential cultural gap. However, the paper shows that the films have been exposed to excessive censorship in the Arabic subtitles, although not in the original film. Therefore, the subtitles, usually viewed as a verbal-visual channel, work to restrict the flow of communication, depriving the target audience of much information existing in the Source Language (SL) dialogue. The fact that the shots help us understand what is being said is not fully taken into consideration by the satellite channels. The study finally reveals that two major strategies are employed in the translation, namely the omission of obscene utterances in the SL and the rendition of the SL obscenity into a less offensive equivalent in the Target Language (TL).

scholarly journals Lexicographic Approaches to Sense Disambiguation in Monolingual Dictionaries and Equivalent Differentiation in Bilingual Dictionaries

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Marjeta Vrbinc
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Sense Disambiguation

The article discusses methods of sense disambiguation in monolingual dictionaries and equivalent differentiation in bilingual dictionaries. In current dictionaries, sense disambiguation and equivalent differentiation is presented in the form of specifiers or glosses, collocators or indications of context, (domain) labels, metalinguistic and encyclopaedic information. Each method is presented and illustrated by actual samples of dictionary articles taken from mono and bilingual dictionaries. The last part of the article is devoted to equivalent differentiation in bilingual decoding dictionaries. In bilingual dictionaries, equivalent differentiation is often needed to describe the lack of agreement between the source language (SL) and target language (TL). The article concludes by stating that equivalent differentiation should be written in the native language of the target audience and sense indicators in a monolingual learner’s dictionary should be words that the users are most familiar with.

scholarly journals TRANSLATIONAL CREATIVITY: TRANSLATING GENRE CONVENTIONS IN STATUTES

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Sandro Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Target Audience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Intended Target ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Pragmatic Principle ◽  
Genre Conventions

A long-established approach to legal translation focuses on terminological equivalence making translators strictly follow the words of source texts. Recent research suggests that there is room for some creativity allowing translators to deviate from the source texts. However, little attention is given to genre conventions in source texts and the ways in which they can best be translated. I propose that translators of statutes with an informative function in expert-to-expert communication may be allowed limited translational creativity when translating specific types of genre convention. This creativity is a result of translators adopting either a source-language or a targetlanguage oriented strategy and is limited by the pragmatic principle of co-operation. Examples of translation options are provided illustrating the different results in target texts. The use of a target-language oriented strategy leads to target texts that contain genre conventions expected by the target audience and at the same time retain the substantive legal contents of source texts. This, I argue, results in translations that are both factually and conventionally correct seen from the point of view of the intended target audience.

Rhetorical figures and the translation of advertising headlines

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Text ◽  
English Language ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Rhetorical Figures ◽  
Contemporary Media ◽  
Media Discourses

In advertising texts, the most important linguistic element is the headline. The function of the headline is to persuade readers to continue reading the remaining body text and, ideally, buy the advertised product. Using a corpus of 45 English-language advertisements and their translated Russian pairs, this article investigates what happens to rhetorical figures in the translation process. Three broad translation strategies are identified (transference, source-language-orientated and target-language-orientated) and their implications discussed in detail. The use of transference (untranslated retention of original) highlights the foreignness of the product being advertised, relying on the source culture’s attractiveness to the target audience. The most popular strategies are those which are source-language-orientated, maintaining the source meaning in the target headline. These strategies, often resulting from advertisers’ insistence on following a model advertisement, have the greatest impact on the use of figures, and examples of compensation, loss and addition can be found. When target-language-orientated strategies are employed, translators have more freedom to create headlines using rhetorical figures. The article ends by suggesting that the analysis of translated Russian advertising headlines offers another concrete example of the globalizing tendencies of large corporations and the power they exercise in shaping contemporary media discourses.

scholarly journals CULTURAL UNTRANSLATABILITY: A STUDY ON THE RAINBOW TROOPS

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Nur Utami SK
Keyword(s):  
Religious Culture ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Original Language ◽  
Profound Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Connotations ◽  
Language Text ◽  
Formal Features

The notion of translatability is possibly done with the extent to which meaning can still be adequately conveyed across languages. For this to be feasible, meaning has to be understood not only in terms of what the source text contains, but also in terms of target audience and purpose of translation. In linguistic untranslatability, the functionally relevant features include some which are in fact formal features of the language of the source language text. If the target language has no formally corresponding feature, the text, or the item, is (relatively) untranslatable. What appears to be a quite different problem arises, however, when a situational feature, functionally relevant for the source text, is completely absent in the culture of target language. As culture has something to do with the concept, source language texts and items are more or less translatable rather than absolutely translatableoruntranslatable. An adaptation, then, is a procedure whereby the translator replaces a term with cultural connotations, where those connotations are restricted to readers of the original language text, with a term with corresponding cultural connotations that would be familiar to readers of the translated text. Translating such culturally untranslatable items entails profound knowledge on both source and target cultures. Most cases in this particular work are solved by keepingcultural terms in the source language text, with or without explanation. Ecological, social, and religious culture terms undergo the process most frequently.

Revisited Strategies of Politeness Translation in 'The Simpsons' Sitcom

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Alireza Akbari ◽  
Mohammadtaghi Shahnazari
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Special System ◽  
The Simpsons ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
The Right

Generally, the role of politeness in society can never be legitimately repudiated. In this direction, politeness and its role in translation studies would be considered as a universal phenomenon across languages and cultures. However, every language has its special system of expressing and translating politeness expression in order to satiate the needs of the target audience completely. Therefore, translator as 'Sprachmittler' may confront with particular and culture-bound politeness facets which can a paramount source of difficulty for them. Hence, deciphering the points of similarities and differences across languages and cultures is of significance importance for the translator who is responsible for amalgamating and reconciling source language regulations to the target language ones. The present study strives for tracing one stable and durable politeness framework for the translator of which their aims are to transfer the main essence of the source language into the target one. This framework was proposed by Akbari (2014) consisting two particular strategies namely solidarity and deference strategies along with eight procedures showing the right path to translator in order to produce an indelible rendering. Also this study utilizes Pearson chisquare (χ2) to see the correlation between solidarity and deference strategies found in the source and target languages.

THE TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF METAPHOR IN THE MAGIC OF THINKING BIG TRANSLATED INTO BAHASA INDONESIA BY DIAN PARAMESTI BAHAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairani Hayat Situmorang ◽  
I. W. Dirgeyasa ◽  
Zainuddin Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Dead Metaphor ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Communicative Translation

The research dealt with Metaphor Sentences. The aims of this study were: (1) to find out the translation strategies of metaphors are used in The Magic of Thinking Big and (2) to describe the translation strategies maintain metaphors in The Magic of Thinking Big. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this study were sentences. The data were collected through documentary technique and the instrument was the documentary sheet. The technique of data analysis was descriptive. The finding of this study revealed that: (1) The metaphor in The magic of Thinking Big were translated by applying six translation strategies, namely: word for word Translation (5.3%) lieral translation (4.3%), faithful translation (57.5%), Free translation (3.2%), communicative translation (30.5%) and discursive creation was found (2.2%). (2) The metaphors are maintained that found in the Magic of Thinking Big are original metaphors turned into another original metaphors, stock metaphors turned into another stock metaphors, adapted metaphors turned into adapted metaphors, dead metaphors turned into dead metaphors, original metaphor turned into stock metaphor, stock metaphor turned into original metaphor, meanwhile, 10 original metaphors and 1 dead metaphor are no longer classified as metaphors. Language has special characteristic that is metaphor sentences, therefore in the case of translating of metaphor sentences in which their concept in unknown for readers, the translator often faces the problems to find out the translation strategies to translate metaphor in a source language (SL) and how the metaphor sentences are maintained in the target language (TL).Keywords : Metaphor, Translation Strategies, Maintain Metaphor

TRANSLATION SHIFT IN THE TRANSLATED NOVEL OF “TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD” BY FEMMY SYAHRIANNI

LINGUISTICA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Sukma Lestari And Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Target Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Source Language ◽  
To Kill A Mockingbird

The aim of this study were to find out category shift types used in thetranslation of novel To Kill A Bird and to describe of how category shift is translatedin the novel from English into Indonesian. This study were conducted by usingdescriptive qualitative method. The data of the study were words, phrases, andclauses in the novel To Kill A Mockingbird which is translated into Indonesian byFemmy Syahrianni. It was found that there were 280 data in the novel from Englishinto Indonesian. The data analysis were taken by listing and bolding. Documentarysheets used as the instrument to collect the data. The data were analyzed based onMiles and Huberman (2014) by condensation which consists of selecting, focusing,simplifying, abstracting and transforming and then data display by using table inorder to get easy analyzing the data. The result of this study were (1) there were fourtypes of category shifts found in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird namely; structureshifts (36.78%), class shift (27.14%), unit shift (32.5%) and intra-system shift(3.27%). (2) The process of category shifts in the translation novel by havingmodifier-head in source language changed into head-modifier in target language,adverb in source language changed into verb in target language, one unit in sourcelanguage changed into some units in target language. and plural in source languagechanged into singular in target language.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COGNITIVE ACADEMIC LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES (CALLS) TO HELP THE STUDENTS IN RECOGNIZING THE LEXICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE STUDENTS TRANSLATION

JURNAL ELINK ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Astuty
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Lexical Constraints ◽  
Language Text

his study aims to describe the sorts of lexical constraints that appeared on the students translation when translating some source language texts into some target language texts. The competence of linguistic fields that the students have acquired is in the fact assumed to be inadequate and it can cause the lexical constraints.Keywords: CALLS, lexical constraints,source language text,target language text

Die wichtigsten Charakterzüge der Übersetzungsmethode des Übersetzers František Benhart beim Übersetzen slowenischer Prosa ins Tschechische

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-189
Author(s):  
Jana Šnytová
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Basic Features

Summary In this paper, I focused on the translation work by František Benhart which, due to its extensiveness, was of crucial importance to the reception of Slovenian literature in the Czech cultural environment of the second half of the 20th century. The aim of this study is the linguistic analysis of the literary translations of selected literary works of the canon of Slovenian literature into Czech. Translation can be considered to be a cultural transposition, i. e. a transfer of the text and cultural environment from the source language into the text and cultural environment of the target language. In the analyses, I focused on some partial issues that either dominated in the particular text (expressivity, phraseology, idiomatic or proper names) or occurred across the texts analysed (realia) and in this context, I searched for his specific translation solutions. I also examined short excerpts of the original text and its translated counterpart looking for the presence of stylistically marked elements. Based on the results of individual analyses, I presented Benhart’s specific translation approaches and I attempted to summarize and indicate the basic features of his translation method. Furthermore, my second objective was to point out the possible consequences of Benhart’s translation method for the reception of the Slovenian literature in the Czech cultural environment.

scholarly journals “Es gibt nur eine Sprache”: The ‘Task of the Translator’ in Rosenzweig’s Idea of Language and Redemption. Its Conceptual Homologies and Expansions

Naharaim ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-171
Author(s):  
Massimiliano De Villa
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Translation Model ◽  
Source Language

AbstractThe concurrence of different languages is one of the tenets of Rosenzweig Sprachdenken and of his translation activity which finds its main theoretical explication in the afterword to his ‘Zweiundneunzig Hymnen und Gedichte des Yehuda Halevi’ (Konstanz, Wöhrle, 1924). In the afterword to the translation of ha-Levi’s lyrical corpus, Rosenzweig outlines a translation model which, trying to convey all the morphological, syntactic and lexical traits of the source language into the target language, gives way to a real linguistic fusion which defies the limits and boundaries of expression and opens onto a redemptive perspective. On the basis of this concluding note and of some passages from ‘The Star of Redemption’, the article tries to analyse Rosenzweig’s idea of language and of its nexus with the idea of redemption with reference to Walter Benjamin’s famous essay ‘The Task of the Translator’ and, as a point of convergence, with Paul Celan’s conception of poetic language.

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