scholarly journals Translation as Metaphor, the Translator as Anthropologist

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Bruno Osimo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Roots ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Cultures

The presence/absence of the notion of “inner language” in different cultures creates a watershed between various cultures as far as the notion of “translation” is concerned. Intersemiosity is seen, accordingly, as inner or outer process to interlingual translation. This gap is reflected in the metaphors attached to translation. By analysing them, the author gets a picture of the cultural roots of the view of translation in each culture. Anthropology can be a precious ally in the reciprocal definition of “translation” and “culture”. A new trope for translation is suggested: metaphor.

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENT FEATURES OF HAND GESTURES IN AMERICAN AND KYRGYZ CULTURES

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Avtandil kyzy Ya
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Hand Gestures ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Cultures

Abstract: This paper highlights similarities and different features of the category of kinesics “hand gestures”, its frequency usage and acceptance by different individuals in two different cultures. This study shows its similarities, differences and importance of the gestures, for people in both cultures. Consequently, kinesics study was mentioned as a main part of body language. As indicated in the article, the study kinesics was not presented in the Kyrgyz culture well enough, though Kyrgyz people use hand gestures a lot in their everyday life. The research paper begins with the common definition of hand gestures as a part of body language, several handshake categories like: the finger squeeze, the limp fish, the two-handed handshake were explained by several statements in the English and Kyrgyz languages. Furthermore, this article includes definitions and some idioms containing hand, shake, squeeze according to the Oxford and Academic Dictionary to show readers the figurative meanings of these common words. The current study was based on the books of writers Allan and Barbara Pease “The definite book of body language” 2004, Romana Lefevre “Rude hand gestures of the world”2011 etc. Key words: kinesics, body language, gestures, acoustics, applause, paralanguage, non-verbal communication, finger squeeze, perceptions, facial expressions. Аннотация. Бул макалада вербалдык эмес сүйлѳшүүнүн бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “колдордун жандоо кыймылы”, алардын эки башка маданиятта колдонулушу, айырмачылыгы жана окшош жактары каралган. Макаланын максаты болуп “колдордун жандоо кыймылынын” мааниси, айырмасы жана эки маданиятта колдонулушу эсептелет. Ошону менен бирге, вербалдык эмес сүйлѳшүүнүн бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “кинесика” илими каралган. Берилген макалада кѳрсѳтүлгѳндѳй, “кинесика” илими кыргыз маданиятында толугу менен изилденген эмес, ошого карабастан “кинесика” илиминин бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “колдордун жандоо кыймылы” кыргыз элинин маданиятында кѳп колдонулат. Андан тышкары, “колдордун жандоо кыймылынын” бир нече түрү, англис жана кыргыз тилдеринде ма- селен аркылуу берилген.Тѳмѳнкү изилдѳѳ ишин жазууда чет элдик жазуучулардын эмгектери колдонулду. Түйүндүү сѳздѳр: кинесика, жандоо кыймылы, акустика,кол чабуулар, паралингвистика, вербалдык эмес баарлашуу,кол кысуу,кабыл алуу сезими. Аннотация. В данной статье рассматриваются сходства и различия “жестикуляции” и частота ее использования, в американской и кыргызской культурах. Следовательно, здесь было упомянуто понятие “кинесика” как основная часть языка тела. Как указано в статье, “кинесика” не была представлена в кыргызской культуре достаточно хорошо, хотя кыргызский народ часто использует жестикуляцию в повседневной жизни. Исследовательская работа начинается с общего определения “жестикуляции” как части языка тела и несколько категорий жестикуляции, таких как: сжатие пальца, слабое рукопожатие, рукопожатие двумя руками, были объяснены несколькими примерами на английском и кыргызском языках. Кроме того, эта статья включает определения слов “рука”, “рукопожатие”, “сжатие” и некоторые идиомы, содержащие данных слов согласно Оксфордскому и Академическому словарю, чтобы показать читателям их образное значение. Данное исследование было основано на книгах писателей Аллана и Барбары Пиз «Определенная книга языка тела» 2004 года, Романа Лефевра «Грубые жестикуляции мира» 2011 года и т.д. Ключевые слова: кинесика, язык жестов, жесты, акустика, аплодисменты, паралингвистика, невербальная коммуникация, сжатие пальца, чувство восприятия, выражение лиц.

scholarly journals The paradoxes of gerotranscendence: The theory of gerotranscendence in a cultural gerontological and post-modernist perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Thorsen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
Ageing Processes ◽  
Historically Situated ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theory Of Gerotranscendence ◽  
Different Cultures

<strong><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><p align="left"> </p></span></span><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">ABSTRACT</span></span></strong><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><p align="left">This article presents a theoretical analysis and discussion of the theory of gerotranscendence, formulated</p><p align="left">by Lars Tornstam (University of Uppsala, Sweden). The theory is presented as a meta-theory of</p><p align="left">ageing, as a theory of universal and general ageing processes. Ageing is seen as an urge (a drive)</p><p align="left">towards a less engaged posititon in the wordly life, moving towards a higher degree of transcendence,</p><p align="left">with a more cosmic outlook and another definition of reality. In this article the theory is discussed from</p><p align="left">another theoretical position; Ageing seen in a cultural gerontological perspective, as a varied culturally</p><p align="left">and historically situated phenomenon – differing in different times and different cultures. The theoretical</p><p align="left">perspective underlines that ageing is complex dialectical processes, an intertwined interplay between</p><p align="left">individual development and cultural change. The varied individual ageing processes are not seen</p><p align="left">as the result of «drives». In Western post-modern cultures the ageing processes are becoming manifold,</p><p align="left">often contradictory. Elderly present versions of the selves that are becoming complex, multiplied (multiple</p><p align="left">selves), acting at different scenes, stamped by varied cultural values, presenting mixed versions of</p><p align="left">activity and passivity, engagement and retractment, wordliness and transcendence.</p></span></span><strong><em><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT;"><strong><em><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT;"><p>Key words:</p></span></span></em></strong></span><strong><em><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT;"><p> </p></span></em></strong></span><p> </p></em><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"><span style="font-size: x-small; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">Ageing theories; gerotranscendence; cultural gerontology; postmodernism</span></span></strong>

Using Electronic Payment Programs as an Anti-Corruption Strategy in Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-172
Author(s):  
Olayemi Abdullateef Aliyu ◽  
Chris Niyi Arasanmi ◽  
Samuel M. Ekundayo
Keyword(s):  
Complex Nature ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Electronic Payment ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Public Revenues

The theft of public revenues is a daily ethical failing associated with corruption in African countries. Yet many government sectors and agencies in Africa have failed to use ICTs to create the required culture of transparency. What do recent literature and empirical research findings reveal about solutions to these problems? Thus, the primary focus of this chapter is to conduct an extensive literature review on how electronic payment programs can be used as an anti-corruption strategy in Africa. Given the complex nature of corruption, the focus in this proposed chapter is to understand how other developing countries like Malaysia have successfully used electronic payment programs to reduce corruption and improve national accountability. A critical review of the observed ambiguity in the contemporary definition of corruption from different cultures in Africa will be reviewed. The ambiguity of the true commitment of African power elites in fighting corruption will also be examined with alternative solutions from existing literature.

Before the Standing Stones: From Land Forms to Religious Attitudes and Monumentality

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce E. Salisbury
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Spiritual Beliefs ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Religious Attitudes ◽  
Religious Feeling ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Over Time

Any study of great prehistoric monuments from standing stones to pyramids involves exploring people’s spiritual beliefs. There had to be some strong sense of awe to motivate people to do the kind of extraordinary work to erect such monuments, and in the ancient world, religion served as the greatest motivator. There are many ways to study religion, and each academic discipline uses its own methods, which in turn shape its conclusions. Anthropologists compare different religions to see how different cultures express their beliefs; sociologists look at the functions religions serve to maintain a social cohesiveness. Psychologists of religion might look at the way religious feelings are manifest in individuals, and theologians try to explore deep truths about the nature of God. All these approaches reveal some truths about this complex phenomenon we call religion and the results often seem like those of the proverbial blind men describing parts of an elephant while missing the glory of the whole. I, too, will focus on one small part of the religious experience—the feeling that lies at the heart of those who have felt the spiritual, and while there have been many disciplines that have studied this religious experience, from psychology to philosophy to sociology, my approach is historical. I will try to explore the nature of people’s religious expression over time, as they change and as they stay the same. What is this religious feeling? As we might expect, there are many different interpretations and analyses of the nature of the religious experience. It may mean the capacity of feeling at one with something larger than oneself, which is the definition of ‘mysticism’. It maymean a belief in—a faith in—a supernatural being. For the purposes of this chapter, however, I will simply accept the experience as a capacity humans have to feel awe and reverence (Bellah 2011). This enduring sense of awe—what has been famously called the idea of the holy (Otto 1950)—lies somewhere at the heart of all subsequent religious impulses.

Toward a Cross-Cultural Definition of Sin

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wayne Dye
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Emerging Church ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Cultures

Every culture has some standard of right and wrong. This is not fully discovered in a people's behavior, our author reminds us, but in their ideals. These ideals may, in essence, closely parallel the Decalogue; but this essence may be applied with widely varying emphases in the real life situations of different cultures. If the missionary, jealous for the essence of God's righteous demands, relies too heavily on the applications and emphases of his own culture, he may experience little conviction of sin in his hearers — and confused standards in the emerging church. Fully recognizing the dilemma this imposes on the cross-cultural witness, linguist-translator Dye finds hope and help in an ethnotheological approach to the problem.

scholarly journals A New Description of a Healthcare Professional’s Resilience, Incorporating an Eastern Philosophical Perspectives of Self-definition. How to Bridge the Gap between Independent and Interdependent Self-definition in Medical Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizuma Tsuchiya ◽  
Yusuke Takamiya ◽  
Linda Snell
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
North American ◽  
The Self ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
The North ◽  
Interdependent Self ◽  
Medical Educators ◽  
American Society ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Cultures

Teaching about resilience is one of the biggest challenges in medical education. One of the problems is that medical educators might still ascribe to the individualistic self-definition mainly promoted in the North American society. This definition includes characteristics such as “enduring ongoing hardship,” “thriving on challenges,” “being healthy,” and “being stronger,” which may raise hidden expectations that a healthcare professional’s personality should be strong enough to bounce back to his or her original condition even in a psychologically demanding situation. Psychological theorists describe two broad modes of self-definition in two different cultures: independent self-definition in North American individualism and interdependent self-definition in East Asian collectivism. Despite this seemingly stereotypical discussion on the characteristics of self-definition, a discussion of the two types of self-definition can still encourage medical educators to propose a broader model of resilience in medical education. More specifically, a person using an independent self-definition may become be a complete, whole, autonomous entity, without others, and thus tends to achieve more and become more productive in a competitive society. In contrast, a person using an interdependent self-definition is more likely to be open to another aspect of the context and thus might be able to find and value the self in different ways even in the same context. However, these two self-definitions may not be dichotomous or mutually exclusive but occur in varying ratios in any one individual, particularly as trends of increased globalization, immigration, and technology call for changes in an individual’s value systems in countries. From this standpoint, this review proposes a new definition of resilience in medical education, which is ‘a person’s capacity to be aware of the aspects of the self differently identified in each context, and to consciously value oneself and others in the context’. This is the first article that incorporates the concept of the two self-definitions into resilience education in healthcare. The proposed definition may provide a broader model of resilience in a healthcare professional for educators as well as trainees in medical education.

scholarly journals PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MULTIKULTURALISME

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-187
Author(s):  
Saihu Saihu
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Simple Definition

A simple definition of education is how to improve the potential of human life adapted with our values and cultures. While multiculturalism many experts define a diverse or compound. Indonesia has got more than 300 tribes actually they have different cultures, values, languages etc that sometimes happening a conflict. in this way Islamic Multiculturalism Education expected can solve the problems in our  state or communities, at least give some awareness that conflict is not good situation to developed. Education has to capable give the bids which a smart solution, such as designing material, method and curriculum that make the communities understood the importance of tolerance, honor  each other, can live together with different background

scholarly journals The Czech Way of Addressing the Global Challenges Accompanied with Creative Industries

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Milčák
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Different Cultures

The article aims to provide a clear picture of the Czech Republic’s approach toward coping with the creative industries in the context of their numerous shortcomings and ambiguities. The theoretical framework of the article is divided into three primary parts, each dealing with a different set of problems. The first part deals with the problems arising from the scattered definition of the concept of creative industries along with potential linguistic problems arising from understanding the meaning of words creative industries in different cultures. The second part deals with the issue of the creation of various tools and methods for incorporating creative industries within national economies. The third part deals with the subject of creating public policies in the field of culture and the possible dilemmas associated with them. At the end of each section, space is dedicated to describing the Czech Republic’s approach concerning dealing with these problems. Methodologically the article is built upon the secondary research of relevant research papers written by academics researching the field of creative industries and on the analysis of the statistical data provided by the Czech Statistical Office. Findings resulting from the article points to the increased long-term efforts of state officials to establish the concept of creative industries fully

scholarly journals URBAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT: MANAGING CROSS-CULTURAL PROBLEMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Irina Onyusheva ◽  
Lalita Thammashote ◽  
Jatuporn Thongaim
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
Urban Business ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Cultures

Paper considers in detail the issue of multicultural urban business environment in the context of managing cross-cultural problems within globalization. When people try to accept and respect different cultures, they will gain new opportunities and experiences. One of the most effective tools is tolerant communication leading to understanding and acceptance of cultural diversity. In this research, we study the contemporary concept of urban business environment as a set of external and internal factors influencing business development in the framework of urban infrastructure. The authors provide their own definition of the concept of globalization and also describe the key global trends, including globalization of human capital under the conditions of demographic and cultural diversity. The work is also aimed to detect how multiculture affects urban business environment in part of finding managerial solutions and countermeasures to overcome the major cross-cultural challenges.

Multicultural Urban Business Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 219-240
Author(s):  
Irina Onyusheva ◽  
Lalita Thammashote ◽  
Jatuporn Thongaim
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Urban Business ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Cultures

This chapter considers in detail the issue of multicultural urban business environments in the context of managing cross-cultural problems within globalization. When people try to accept and respect different cultures, they will gain new opportunities and experiences. One of the most effective tools is tolerant communication leading to understanding and acceptance of cultural diversity. In this research, we study the contemporary concept of urban business environments as a set of external and internal factors influencing business development in the framework of an urban infrastructure. The authors provide their own definition of the concept of globalization and also describe the key global trends, including globalization of human capital under the conditions of demographic and cultural diversity. The work is also aimed to detect how multiculture affects urban business environment in part of finding managerial solutions and countermeasures to overcome the major cross-cultural challenges.

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