scholarly journals The Image of BREAD in Lithuanian Dictionaries

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-268
Author(s):  
Irena Smetonienė
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Value System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Maple Leaves ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Main Meal ◽  
Intensive Work ◽  
Cultural Message

The bread in one form or another has been known to people all over the world. Linguistic data and rites show that the Lithuanians have been eating bread since ancient times. Bread is mentioned in the small-form verbal folklore, songs, sagas, fairy tales, beliefs and various rites. In ancient times the bread was personalised and deified. The examples from the dialect dictionaries were also included into the research because every dialectal saying is an example of cultural message, manifestation of tradition nurturance and preservation, a part of cultural heritage, which links the past with the present. The dialectal examples show, what is deep-rooted in the tradition, what is passed down from generation to generation, what lies in the traditional value system and what makes the essence of an ethnic group. Due to these reasons the dialectal texts have a huge public or cultural value as they denote a content that is significant to a certain community. Having completed the analysis of dialectal discourse, it can be stated that various dictionaries construct the following picture of the concept bread: bread is the main meal of people, it is baked from different kinds of cereal flours, it is respected and saved, it has healing powers; the bread baked at home is the most delicious; if there is no bread, a person starves; to have bread all the time one has to work hard because baking bread is labour-intensive work, which has to be performed with knowledge and love, to make bread delicious and fragrant, calamus, cabbage or maple leaves are put under a loaf of bread, it is decorated or marked with sacred signs; an individual equals bread with human activity and appearance; bread is a measure of life, a reference point for evaluating certain actions. The place of bread in the human life is reflected by derivates as well: special things, capacities for mixing, souring, baking, slicing or keeping bread; other meals prepared from bread.

scholarly journals The Historiolae in Belarusian Incantations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 80-112
Author(s):  
Tatsiana Valodzina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Passion Of Christ ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Specific Comparison ◽  
Christian History

The article deals with one of the most popular techniques in Belarusian magical medicine — the so-called historiolae, the essence of which is to recall precedent situations. This implies that the “disequilibrium of being, which has arisen in human life at the present moment (e.g. a disease), is restored according to a sacred pattern that took place in the past”. The texts declare connections between different levels of the worlds, past and present, but to the same extent between the microcosm and the macrocosm, erasing all distinctions between the real and the supernatural worlds. The present time of these charms prevents the transfer of the patient and the healer to ancient times of the myths. Instead, it is the sacred world that spreads around the requester. The most common form of such charms includes a narrative that relates certain events in Christian history, primarily describing the life of Christ or of one of the saints. A particular place among the narrative manifestations of historiolae is occupied by references to the Passion of Christ. These narratives, in turn, possess powerful life-affirming and healing potential. It is not the logical correspondence of a specific comparison in an incantation that is central, but the very desire to place the situation of treatment in an appropriate context. A number of texts from the author’s field records and archival materials are introduced here into scholarly circulation.

SEJARAH KONFLIK KEBANGKITAN ISLAM DI MINANGKABAU: Sebuah Tinjauan Awal Terhadap Proses Kemunculannya

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Ihsan Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Correct Understanding

This article in principle wants to examine the history of the emergence of the conflict of Islamic revival in Minangkabau starting from the Paderi Movement to the Youth in Minangkabau. Especially in the initial period, namely the Padri movement, there was a tragedy of violence (radicalism) that accompanied it. This study becomes important, because after all the reformation of Islam began to be realized by reforming human life in the world. Both in terms of thought with the effort to restore the correct understanding of religion as it should, from the side of the practice of religion, namely by reforming deviant practices and adapted to the instructions of the religious texts (al-Qur'an and sunnah), and also from the side of strengthening power religion. In this case the research will be directed to the efforts of renewal by the Padri to the Youth towards the Islamic community in Minangkabau. To discuss this problem used historical research methods. Through this method, it is tested and analyzed critically the records and relics of the past. In analyzing the data in this research basically used approach or interactive analysis model by Miles and Huberman. In this analysis model, the three components of the analysis are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification, the activity is carried out in an interactive form with the process of collecting data as a process that continues, repeats, and continues to form acycle.

Kedudukan dan Fungsi Bahasa dalam Permuseuman

Metahumaniora ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Erlina Zulkifli Mahmud ◽  
Taufik Ampera ◽  
Yuyu Yohana Risagarniwa ◽  
Inu Isnaeni Sidiq
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Communicative Function ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Library Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Museum Guides ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Kedudukan dan fungsi bahasa sebagai alat komunikasi manusia mencakup seluruh bidang kehidupan termasuk ilmu pengetahuan antara lain terkait sejarah peradaban manusia; bagaimana manusia mempertahankan hidupnya, bagaimana manusia memperlakukan alam, bagaimana alam menyediakan segala kebutuhan manusia. Apa yang dilakukan manusia saat ini, saat lampau, dan apa yang dilakukan manusia jauh di masa prasejarah, bagaimana kondisi alam di masa-masa tersebut, apa perubahan dan perkembangannya, dapat didokumentasikan melalui bahasa, divisualisasikan kembali, lalu dipajang sebagai salah satu upaya konversai dan preservasi dalam satu institusi yang disebut museum. Penelitian ini membahas kedudukan dan fungsi bahasa dalam permuseuman. Bagaimana kedudukan dan fungsi bahasa dalam permuseuman baik dalam informasi yang disampaikan oleh pemandu wisata museumnya maupun yang terpajang menyertai benda-benda dan gambar-gambar merupakan tujuan dari penelitian ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah gabungan antara metode lapangan dan metode literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum kedudukan bahasa Indonesia berada pada urutan pertama setelah Bahasa Inggris dan keberadaan kedua bahasa dalam permuseuman ini melibatkan dua fungsi utama bahasa, yakni fungsi komunikatif dan fungsi informatif.The existence and function of language  as a medium of communication covers all fields of human life including knowledge, one of them is the history of human civilization; how humans survived, how human utilized nature for their lives, and how nature provides all the necessities for humans. What humans have been doing now, what they have done in the past and far before that in the pre-history time, how the conditions of the nature at those times were and what changes as well as progresses occurred are documented using language, then re-visualized,  displayed as one of conservation and preservation acts in an institution called museum. This research discusess the existence and function of language in museums. How important the existence of a language in museums and what language functions used in museums both in informations given by the museum guides and on the displays accompanying objects and pictures are the aims of this research. The methods used are the combination between field research and library research. The results show that generally the existence of Indonesian language plays more important role than English and both languages have two main functions; communicative function and informative function.     

Kluyveromyces marxianus as a Probiotic Yeast: A Mini-review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1163-1169
Author(s):  
Aziz Homayouni-Rad ◽  
Aslan Azizi ◽  
Parvin Oroojzadeh ◽  
Hadi Pourjafar
Keyword(s):  
Kluyveromyces Marxianus ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽  
Biotechnological Products ◽  
Probiotic Yeast ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Harmful Effects

Background: Yeasts play diverse roles in human life. Since ancient times, these micro organisms have been used to produce food products and beverages including bread and beer. Nowadays, the biotechnological products of yeast are some of the main components of commercial products. Objective: Some species of yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardii are recognized as probiotic yeast with extensive applications in the food and drug industries. However, certain species like Kluyveromyces marxianus are still not recognized as probiotic micro organisms despite their widespread industrial usage. In this study, the application of K. marxianus in preparing food and the medicinal product was reviewed in terms of its beneficial or harmful effects. Methods: Pub Med, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were searched by using “Probiotics”, “Yeast”, and “Kluyveromyces marxianus”. Results: The findings suggest that K. marxianus can be recognized as a probiotic yeast species. Conclusion: It can be concluded that K. marxianus may be considered as a probiotic micro organism with a variety of commercial and medical applications.

Tradition and Human Life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald O’Collins, SJ
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
New Members ◽  
The Past ◽  
Peter Berger ◽  
Global View ◽  
Anthony Giddens ◽  
Edward Shils ◽  
Traditional Patterns

Help towards understanding the human and religious functions of tradition comes from such sociologists as Peter Berger, Anthony Giddens, and Edward Shils. Tradition by Shils continues to illuminate how, although human beings modify inherited beliefs and change traditional patterns of behaviour, the new always incorporates something of the past. Shils takes a global view of tradition; it embodies everything individuals inherit when born into the world. It is through tradition that new members of society begin to identify themselves. The bearers of tradition may be not only official but also ‘learned’ and ‘ordinary’. Shils dedicates many further pages to changes in traditions and the forces leading to these changes. What sociologists like Giddens say about globalization also affects theological reflection on tradition. Surprisingly, the very few theologians who have published on tradition have ignored the sociologists.

scholarly journals Water Quality and Life Expectancy: Parallel Courses in Time

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Andreas N. Angelakis ◽  
Heikki S. Vuorinen ◽  
Christos Nikolaidis ◽  
Petri S. Juuti ◽  
Tapio S. Katko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Concomitant Factors

Since ancient times, the need for healthy water has resulted in the development of various kinds of water supply systems. From early history, civilizations have developed water purification devices and treatment methods. The necessity for fresh water has influenced individual lives as well as communities and societies. During the last two hundred years, intensive and effective efforts have been made internationally for sufficient water quantity and quality. At the same time, human life expectancy has increased all over the globe at unprecedented rates. The present work represents an effort to sketch out how water purity and life expectancy have entangled, thus influencing one another. Water properties and characteristics have directly affected life quality and longevity. The dramatic increase in life expectancy has been, indisputably, affected by the improvement in water quality, but also in other concomitant factors, varying temporally and spatially in different parts of the world throughout the centuries. Water technologies and engineering have an unequivocal role on life expectancy. In some cases, they appear to have taken place earlier than the progress of modern medicine. Among these, improved sanitation, personal hygiene, progress in medicine, and better standards of economic living have played the greatest roles.

scholarly journals Cardio- and Neurometabolic Adipobiology: Consequences and Implications for Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4137
Author(s):  
Jan Frohlich ◽  
George N. Chaldakov ◽  
Manlio Vinciguerra
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neurotrophin 3

Studies over the past 30 years have revealed that adipose tissue is the major endocrine and paracrine organ of the human body. Arguably, adiopobiology has taken its reasonable place in studying obesity and related cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is viewed herein as a neurometabolic disorder. The pathogenesis and therapy of these diseases are multiplex at basic, clinical and translational levels. Our present goal is to describe new developments in cardiometabolic and neurometabolic adipobiology. Accordingly, we focus on adipose- and/or skeletal muscle-derived signaling proteins (adipsin, adiponectin, nerve growth factor, brain-derived neuroptrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, irisin, sirtuins, Klotho, neprilysin, follistatin-like protein-1, meteorin-like (metrnl), as well as growth differentiation factor 11) as examples of metabotrophic factors (MTFs) implicated in the pathogenesis and therapy of obesity and related CMDs. We argue that these pathologies are MTF-deficient diseases. In 1993 the “vascular hypothesis of AD” was published and in the present review we propose the “vasculometabolic hypothesis of AD.” We discuss how MTFs could bridge CMDs and neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. Greater insights on how to manage the MTF network would provide benefits to the quality of human life.

Abkhazian Fairy Tales About a Wonderful Assistant

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Мадонна Фрикановна Пилия
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Dead Person ◽  
Ancient Times

В статье рассматриваются сказки о чудесном помощнике. После того как герой хоронит мертвеца, дежурит у могилы отца, спасает рыбу, лосося, у него появляются чудесные помощники, которые в знак благодарности помогают ему жениться на царевне, спасают от гибели и т. д. В абхазских волшебных сказках данный сказочный сюжет встречается в нескольких вариантах. Также герой с помощью отрубленных голов змей узнает своего помощника, а благодаря платку и клейму о подвигах героя узнает и сам государь. В конце чудесные помощники (мертвец, рыба, лосось) предлагают герою «разделить» девушку, изо рта которой выходили змеи. Направляют свою шашку в ее сторону, и когда она кричит от испуга, из ее рта выходят части тел змей, и они убивают их, таким образом «очищая» девушку от змей, которые убивали всех ее женихов. Абхазы с давних времен и до настоящего времени после смерти человека совершают различные ритуалы, чтобы угодить покойнику, чтобы душа не тревожилась и обрела вечный покой. Следы некоторых ритуалов отражаются и в сюжетах абхазских волшебных сказках о чудесном помощнике. This article examines fairy tales involving wonderful assistants. After the hero buries a dead person, stands guard at his father’s grave, or saves a fish, miraculous helpers appear, who, help him marry a princess, save him from death, and so on, sometimes as a token of gratitude (e. g., for setting a fish free). In Abkhazian fairy tales, this plot appears in several versions. With the help of severed heads of snakes, the hero recognizes his helper, and thanks to a scarf and a mark the sovereign himself learns about the hero’s deeds. At the end, wonderful helpers (a dead person, a fish or specifically a salmon) propose that the hero “separate” a girl: they point their sabers in her direction, and when she screams in fright, snakes (or parts of them) come out of her mouth and they kill them. In this way they “cleanse” the girl from the snakes that had killed all of her suitors. After someone’s death, Abkhazians from ancient times to the present have performed various rituals in order to placate the deceased, so that the soul does not fret and can find eternal peace. Traces of some of these rituals are reflected in the plots of Abkhazian fairy tales about wonderful helpers.

Consciousness: The Most Critical Moral (Constitutional) Standard for Human Personhood

1987 ◽  
Vol 13 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 233-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Cranford ◽  
David Randolph Smith
Keyword(s):  
Medical Profession ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Persistent Vegetative State ◽  
Major Premise ◽  
Definition Of Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
Definition Of

For the past two decades, the medical profession and society have debated the definition of death. Some reasonable consensus has been reached on this issue, in theory and in practice. In the last few years, however, a far more important debate has been evolving — the definition of human personhood. Human personhood has been discussed extensively in the past with respect to the abortion question and other issues concerning the beginning of life. More recently, however, the definition of personhood has been raised with respect to termination of treatment decisions at the end of life and, in particular, on the appropriate care of patients in a persistent vegetative state.Our major premise is that consciousness is the most critical moral, legal, and constitutional standard, not for human life itself, but for human personhood. There is nothing highly original in our approach to this particular issue; others have advanced similar arguments in recent years.

MODERN PERFORMANCE ON THE KAZAKH KOBYZ

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
T. Zh. Yeginbayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ensemble Performance ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
New Development ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

Global processes in the musical culture of Kazakhstan are the result of the numerous events that have taken place in the country over the past 20 years. The independence of the state has become a key factor that has had a decisive impact on the economic, socio-political and cultural development of the country. We have entered a new life, which has a rich cultural heritage and was carefully preserved by our ancestors. One of the proofs is the history of Kazakh kobyz art from ancient times to the present day. Modern kobyz art is closely connected with ancient history and has a rich natural tendency for new development, based on centuries of experience. Therefore, kobyz music of the XXth–XXIst centuries absorbed the traditions of European genres and styles, and is widely used in mass music, in various directions of ethnorock, art-rock, folk and others. Two lines of development of music for kobyz and music on kobyz existed in ancient times and nowadays. From here comes the divergence of creative direction among modern composers and in ensemble performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document