Features of psychophysiological characteristics in skilled boxers

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
L. Korobeinikova ◽  
Chenpen Go ◽  
G. Korobeinikov ◽  
Chuanzhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
National Team ◽  
Simultaneous Control ◽  
High Level ◽  
Special Working

Purpose: to study the features of psychophysiological characteristics in qualified boxers with different levels of performance. Material and methods. The study used the following methods: analysis of scientific and methodological information, Internet sources and generalization of practical experience, psychophysiological research methods, methods of mathematical statistics. A dynamometer «Spuderg» designed by M.P. Savchyn was used to assess the special performance. The index of creatine phosphate working capacity of boxers was determined (according to the test of the boxer's strikes fulfillment for 8 seconds at maximum speed). We examined 26 qualified boxers, members of the national team of Kiev at the age of 18-24 years. According to the creatine phosphate working capacity index, all boxers were divided into two conditional groups. The first group with a high level of working capacity (from 200 and more USD) and the group with a low level of special working capacity (below 200 USD). The first group included 12 people, the second - 14 athletes. Results: based on the analysis of scientific and methodological literature, it was revealed that a high level of special performance in qualified boxers is provided by a high lability of the nervous system and the speed of processing of visual information with simultaneous control over spontaneous actions under conditions of motor response. During the study, an assessment was made of: complex sensorimotor reactions (functional mobility of nervous processes; reaction to a moving object), specific perceptions (reaction rate to non-verbal stimuli). Conclusions. The study made it possible to establish that boxers with a high level of special working capacity have a balance between the processes of arousal and inhibition, while boxers with a reduced level of working capacity have a predominance of arousal processes and high values of impulsivity, which indicate the presence of spontaneous, unprepared actions when responding to external irritants. The connection between the quality and speed of perception of visual information and special performance in qualified boxers was also revealed. Keywords: qualified boxers, psychophysiological characteristics, special working capacity, types of control

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF TRAINING LOADS AIMED TO DEVELOP THE STRUCTURE OF FUNCTIONAL SUPPORT FOR SPECIAL WORKING CAPACITY AMONG QUALIFIED KAYAKERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Olga Rusanova ◽  
Andrii Diachenko ◽  
Zijian Huang ◽  
Xueyan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Biochemical Research ◽  
Special Working ◽  
Functional Support

Introduction. Despite the fact that currently theorists have systematized some aspects of scientific knowledge to increase the efficiency of functional support of special performance of rowers, while the formation of prerequisites for improving the training load of qualified athletes aged 16-17 in kayaking and canoeing has not been the subject of special research. This leads to the isolation of the problematic issue that needs to be studied and analyzed. Aim is to analyze the structure of functional support of special working capacity and to form preconditions for improving the training loads of qualified athletes aged 16-17, who specialize in kayaking and canoeing. Material and methods: analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodical literature sources and the Internet, pedagogical observations and natural pedagogical experiment, instrumental research methods using ergometry, gas analysis, pulsometry, biochemical research methods; methods of mathematical statistics. Results. To optimize the system for assessing the functional support of special performance, a set of indicators was selected that integrally reflect the level of functionality of kayakers. Their assessment is the basis for a more detailed analysis of the structure of the functional support of the special capacity of kayakers 16-17 year old . A more detailed analysis is performed with reduced indicators of cattle capacity and aerobic energy supply, as well as performance. As a rule, it is carried out individually and is aimed at studying the cause of the reduced level of certain indicators. In the course of the research the available material on the problems of control, estimation and interpretation of the most informative and integral indicators of reactions of the cardiorespiratory system (CRS) and energy supply of work is systematized; special working capacity of athletes – kayakers. Conclusion. The presented test results (average-statistical and model values of indicators) showed new possibilities of estimation and interpretation of indicators of functional support of special working capacity of qualified athletes aged 16-17, who specialize in kayaking and canoeing. Systematization of data from special literature and practical experience allowed to establish the prerequisites for improving training loads aimed at forming the structure of functional support for special performance of qualified kayakers, and to identify five groups of exercises.

scholarly journals Differentiated approach to the development of speed-strength capabilities of qualified Muay-Thai athletes, taking into account weight categories (Enfoque diferenciado para el desarrollo de las capacidades de velocidad y potencia de atletas del boxeo tail

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 365-374
Author(s):  
Stanislav E. Podhurskyi ◽  
Iurii A. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Los Grupos ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Special Working

 The purpose of the study was to identify statistically significant differences in shifts in the indicators of the special working capacity of qualified Muay-Thai athletes in the experimental and control groups of different weight categories during performance of striking techniques using specialised tests. The data from special and scientific literature was considered. A practical experiment was carried out using the Hykso portable strain gauge diagnostic tool. The method of mathematical statistics was used. Forty-five qualified athletes took part in the experiment, twenty-three of whom were included in the experimental group, twenty-two – in the control group, both with and without weight categories. The shifts in the growth of the speed and strength potential of the athletes from the experimental group in comparison with the athletes from the control group of the lightweight category was identified. They are noted in three types of specialised tests of anaerobic capabilities with creatine-phosphate and glycolytic mechanisms of energy supply, in the form of speed and strength components, each separately. The effectiveness of differentiated programs with the use of the Podhurskyi's weight modified sports equipment for the improvement and implementation of speed-strength capabilities of qualified Muay-Thai athletes of different weight categories was established.  Resumen. El objetivo del estudio fue revelar diferencias significativas y confiables en los cambios en los indicadores de capacidad de trabajo especial de los atletas de boxeo tailandés calificados de los grupos experimental y de control, teniendo en cuenta las categorías de peso durante la ejecución de técnicas de percusión utilizando pruebas especializadas. Se realizó el análisis de datos de literatura especial y científica. Se llevó a cabo un experimento práctico utilizando el dispositivo de diagnóstico portátil de galgas extensométricas "Hykso". Se utilizó el método de estadística matemática. En el experimento participaron cuarenta y cinco atletas calificados, veintitrés de los cuales fueron incluidos en el grupo experimental, veintidós en el grupo de control, tanto con categorías de peso como sin ellas. Se revelaron cambios en el crecimiento de la realización del potencial de velocidad y potencia de los atletas del grupo experimental que los atletas del grupo de control de la categoría de peso ligero. Se observaron en tres tipos de pruebas especializadas de capacidades anaeróbicas con fosfato de creatina y mecanismos glucolíticos de suministro de energía, en forma de componentes de velocidad y fuerza, cada uno por separado. Se estableció la efectividad de los programas diferenciados con el uso del equipo deportivo modificado "Peso de Podgursky" en la mejora e implementación de las capacidades de velocidad y potencia de los atletas de boxeo tailandés calificados de diferentes categorías de peso.

Exploring The Effect of Visual Information Degradation on Human Perception and Performance In A Human-Telerobot System

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1302-1307
Author(s):  
Richard Stone ◽  
Minglu Wang ◽  
Thomas Schnieders ◽  
Esraa Abdelall
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

Human-robotic interaction system are increasingly becoming integrated into industrial, commercial and emergency service agencies. It is critical that human operators understand and trust automation when these systems support and even make important decisions. The following study focused on human-in-loop telerobotic system performing a reconnaissance operation. Twenty-four subjects were divided into groups based on level of automation (Low-Level Automation (LLA), and High-Level Automation (HLA)). Results indicated a significant difference between low and high word level of control in hit rate when permanent error occurred. In the LLA group, the type of error had a significant effect on the hit rate. In general, the high level of automation was better than the low level of automation, especially if it was more reliable, suggesting that subjects in the HLA group could rely on the automatic implementation to perform the task more effectively and more accurately.

scholarly journals Informative neural representations of unseen objects during higher-order processing in human brains and deep artificial networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Mei ◽  
Roberto Santana ◽  
David Soto
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Visual Stream ◽  
Order Processing ◽  
High Level ◽  
Unseen Objects ◽  
Human Brains

AbstractDespite advances in the neuroscience of visual consciousness over the last decades, we still lack a framework for understanding the scope of unconscious processing and how it relates to conscious experience. Previous research observed brain signatures of unconscious contents in visual cortex, but these have not been identified in a reliable manner, with low trial numbers and signal detection theoretic constraints not allowing to decisively discard conscious perception. Critically, the extent to which unconscious content is represented in high-level processing stages along the ventral visual stream and linked prefrontal areas remains unknown. Using a within-subject, high-precision, highly-sampled fMRI approach, we show that unconscious contents, even those associated with null sensitivity, can be reliably decoded from multivoxel patterns that are highly distributed along the ventral visual pathway and also involving prefrontal substrates. Notably, the neural representation in these areas generalised across conscious and unconscious visual processing states, placing constraints on prior findings that fronto-parietal substrates support the representation of conscious contents and suggesting revisions to models of consciousness such as the neuronal global workspace. We then provide a computational model simulation of visual information processing/representation in the absence of perceptual sensitivity by using feedforward convolutional neural networks trained to perform a similar visual task to the human observers. The work provides a novel framework for pinpointing the neural representation of unconscious knowledge across different task domains.

scholarly journals Performance of the national fencing team of Ukraine at the XXXII Olympic Games and the prospects of its performance at the next Olympic Games

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Olga Kuvaldina ◽  
Volodymyr Driukov
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Team Members ◽  
National Team ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sports Statistics ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
The Olympic Games

Analysis of Ukrainian athletes’ results at the XXXII Olympiad Games allows pointing out the factors of the weak performance of Ukrainian athletes in women's individual saber and epee competitions, as well as men's team epee competitions, despite the possibility of winning medals in these sports events according to many analysts including those of Infostrada Sports and other sports statistics experts. These, in our opinion, include an unsatisfactory level of efficiency of the process of reaching the peak of readiness for the Olympic Games; lack of psychological stability of athletes at the competitions; weak tactical preparation of some athletes. Based on the performances of athletes of the Ukrainian fencing team in Tokyo, a conclusion was made about the unsatisfactory level of athletes’ preparation for the XXXII Olympic Games. Only 20% of the national team members were able to realize their potential at the XXXII Olympic Games. The dynamics of the athletes’ results at the World Championships 2017 – 2019 indicates the need to use in the new Olympic cycle the planning, which is focused on our athletes reaching the peak of readiness for the Olympics: at first, the training should be aimed at the maximum stimulation of the growth of sportsmanship, whereas at the final stage it should be focused on its realization in the major competitions. It is shown that despite the unsuccessful performance of the Ukrainian fencing team in the Olympic Tokyo, this type of martial arts has significant potential for improving sports achievements at the XXXIII Olympic Games 2024 in Paris. It is noted that in the new Olympic cycle it is of crucial importance to identify candidates for the XXXIII Olympic Games as soon as possible and to create all the conditions for their full-fledged preparation. Thus, to ensure further winning medal places at the Olympic Games, it is necessary to improve the system of sports training in the Olympic cycle, which envisages participation in numerous competitions during the year to achieve a high level of readiness in the major competitions of triennial – the Olympic Games.

scholarly journals Infants in Control: Prospective Motor Control and Executive Functions in Action Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janna M. Gottwald
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
High Level

This thesis assesses the link between action and cognition early in development. Thus the notion of an embodied cognition is investigated by tying together two levels of action control in the context of reaching in infancy: prospective motor control and executive functions. The ability to plan our actions is the inevitable foundation of reaching our goals. Thus actions can be stratified on different levels of control. There is the relatively low level of prospective motor control and the comparatively high level of cognitive control. Prospective motor control is concerned with goal-directed actions on the level of single movements and movement combinations of our body and ensures purposeful, coordinated movements, such as reaching for a cup of coffee. Cognitive control, in the context of this thesis more precisely referred to as executive functions, deals with goal-directed actions on the level of whole actions and action combinations and facilitates directedness towards mid- and long-term goals, such as finishing a doctoral thesis. Whereas prospective motor control and executive functions are well studied in adulthood, the early development of both is not sufficiently understood.This thesis comprises three empirical motion-tracking studies that shed light on prospective motor control and executive functions in infancy. Study I investigated the prospective motor control of current actions by having 14-month-olds lift objects of varying weights. In doing so, multi-cue integration was addressed by comparing the use of visual and non-visual information to non-visual information only. Study II examined the prospective motor control of future actions in action sequences by investigating reach-to-place actions in 14-month-olds. Thus the extent to which Fitts’ law can explain movement duration in infancy was addressed. Study III lifted prospective motor control to a higher that is cognitive level, by investigating it relative to executive functions in 18-months-olds.Main results were that 14-month-olds are able to prospectively control their manual actions based on object weight. In this action planning process, infants use different sources of information. Beyond this ability to prospectively control their current action, 14-month-olds also take future actions into account and plan their actions based on the difficulty of the subsequentaction in action sequences. In 18-month-olds, prospective motor control in manual actions, such as reaching, is related to early executive functions, as demonstrated for behavioral prohibition and working memory. These findings are consistent with the idea that executive functions derive from prospective motor control. I suggest that executive functions could be grounded in the development of motor control. In other words, early executive functions should be seen as embodied.

scholarly journals The Binding Ring Illusion: assimilation affects the perceived size of a circular array

F1000Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Daniel McCarthy ◽  
Colin Kupitz ◽  
Gideon P Caplovitz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Circular Array ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Constructive Process ◽  
Novel Variant ◽  
Assimilation Process ◽  
Circular Contour ◽  
High Level

Our perception of an object’s size arises from the integration of multiple sources of visual information including retinal size, perceived distance and its size relative to other objects in the visual field. This constructive process is revealed through a number of classic size illusions such as the Delboeuf Illusion, the Ebbinghaus Illusion and others illustrating size constancy. Here we present a novel variant of the Delbouef and Ebbinghaus size illusions that we have named the Binding Ring Illusion. The illusion is such that the perceived size of a circular array of elements is underestimated when superimposed by a circular contour – a binding ring – and overestimated when the binding ring slightly exceeds the overall size of the array. Here we characterize the stimulus conditions that lead to the illusion, and the perceptual principles that underlie it. Our findings indicate that the perceived size of an array is susceptible to the assimilation of an explicitly defined superimposed contour. Our results also indicate that the assimilation process takes place at a relatively high level in the visual processing stream, after different spatial frequencies have been integrated and global shape has been constructed. We hypothesize that the Binding Ring Illusion arises due to the fact that the size of an array of elements is not explicitly defined and therefore can be influenced (through a process of assimilation) by the presence of a superimposed object that does have an explicit size.

scholarly journals Reconstructing feedback representations in ventral visual pathway with a generative adversarial autoencoder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider Al-Tahan ◽  
Yalda Mohsenzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Pathway ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Ventral Visual Pathway ◽  
High Level ◽  
Feedback Connections ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractWhile vision evokes a dense network of feedforward and feedback neural processes in the brain, visual processes are primarily modeled with feedforward hierarchical neural networks, leaving the computational role of feedback processes poorly understood. Here, we developed a generative autoencoder neural network model and adversarially trained it on a categorically diverse data set of images. We hypothesized that the feedback processes in the ventral visual pathway can be represented by reconstruction of the visual information performed by the generative model. We compared representational similarity of the activity patterns in the proposed model with temporal (magnetoencephalography) and spatial (functional magnetic resonance imaging) visual brain responses. The proposed generative model identified two segregated neural dynamics in the visual brain. A temporal hierarchy of processes transforming low level visual information into high level semantics in the feedforward sweep, and a temporally later dynamics of inverse processes reconstructing low level visual information from a high level latent representation in the feedback sweep. Our results append to previous studies on neural feedback processes by presenting a new insight into the algorithmic function and the information carried by the feedback processes in the ventral visual pathway.Author summaryIt has been shown that the ventral visual cortex consists of a dense network of regions with feedforward and feedback connections. The feedforward path processes visual inputs along a hierarchy of cortical areas that starts in early visual cortex (an area tuned to low level features e.g. edges/corners) and ends in inferior temporal cortex (an area that responds to higher level categorical contents e.g. faces/objects). Alternatively, the feedback connections modulate neuronal responses in this hierarchy by broadcasting information from higher to lower areas. In recent years, deep neural network models which are trained on object recognition tasks achieved human-level performance and showed similar activation patterns to the visual brain. In this work, we developed a generative neural network model that consists of encoding and decoding sub-networks. By comparing this computational model with the human brain temporal (magnetoencephalography) and spatial (functional magnetic resonance imaging) response patterns, we found that the encoder processes resemble the brain feedforward processing dynamics and the decoder shares similarity with the brain feedback processing dynamics. These results provide an algorithmic insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of feedforward and feedback processes in biological vision.

scholarly journals Use of visual feedback for balance training in hemiparetic Stroke patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
Fabiane Maria Klitzke dos Santos ◽  
Franciely Voltolini Mendes ◽  
Simone Suzuki Woellner ◽  
Noé Gomes Borges Júnior ◽  
Antonio Vinicius Soares
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Hemiparetic Stroke ◽  
Balance Board

Introduction Hemiparetic Stroke patients have their daily activities affected by the balance impairment. Techniques that used visual information for training this impairment it seems to be effective. Objective To analyze the effects of the unstable balance board training and compare two ways of visual feedback: the biomechanical instrumentation and the mirror. Materials and methods Eight chronic hemiparetic Stroke patients participated in the research, randomized in two groups. The first group (G1) accomplished the training with biomechanical instrumentation, and the second group (G2) trained in front of the mirror. Sixteen training sessions were done with feet together, and feet apart. The evaluation instruments that were used before and after the period of training were the Time Up and Go Test (TUGT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Instrumented Balance Board (IBB), that quantified the functional mobility, the balance and the posture control respectively. Results The TUGT showed significant results (p < 0.05) favorable to G1. Despite the results of BBS were significant for G2, the intergroup comparison did not reveal statistical significance. Both groups obtained decrease in levels of IBB oscillation, what can indicate a higher stability, however the results did not indicate statistical significance (p > 0.05). A strong correlation between all the applied tests was observed in this research. Conclusion Although the advantages found were different between the groups, in both it could be observed that the training brought benefits, with the transference to the functional mobility.

Tools for Project-Based Active Learning of Amorphous Systems Design: Scenario Prototyping and Cross Team Peer Evaluation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Ishii ◽  
Sun K. Kim ◽  
Whitfield Fowler ◽  
Takashi Maeno
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Graduate ◽  
Team Project ◽  
High Level

Whereas team project-based learning of engineering design has attracted wide acceptance, it is still rare to see a curriculum that addresses high level societal needs involving diverse students with a wide range of practical experience. Such a curriculum should develop a shared understanding of the use of scenarios for amorphous products and a process to objectively evaluate the project progress while the design concepts mature. This paper describes two key tools that respond to these challenges: 1) scenario prototyping and 2) cross-team project scorecarding. These tools evolved through a collaborative curriculum development of Keio University, MIT, and Stanford in the development of the Active Learning Project Sequence (ALPS), a capstone experience for Keio’s new Graduate School of System Design and Management (SDM). ALPS selected a theme from the “Voice of Society,” according to which the project teams generated solution scenarios, identified requirements, and described the proposed system using appropriate prototypes of not only hardware but other amorphous means as well. The twelve ALPS teams in 2008 addressed the theme “Enhancing the Lives of Seniors in Japan,” which led to more specific scenarios. The paper gives an overview of the ALPS workshop sequence, and describes in detail two key learning modules that were essential in integrating the multi-disciplinary teams: a) scenario prototyping and b) cross-team project scorecarding. These methods are going through further trials in Stanford’s own Design for Manufacturability curriculum involving 10 project teams in the US and Japan.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document