scholarly journals Clinorotation as a promising and environmentally friendly biotechnology in agriculture and some industries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
A. L. Boyko ◽  
N. P. Sus ◽  
O. A. Boyko ◽  
A. V. Orlovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Centrifugal Acceleration ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Acceleration Vector ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To investigate the direct and indirect impact of clinorotation on vital activity of gilled mushrooms (Agaricales) using the mycelium of the model organism Agaricus bisporus, clinorotated by the ground-based facility Ekoloh, as the example. Methods. The mycelium of Agaricus bisporus was cultivated on the medium with agar and compost extract. The microgravitational environment was simulated using the method of uniaxial clinorotation at the ground-based facility Ekoloh. The mycelia of Agaricus bisporus from the experimental group were clinorotated for 4 h a day for 12 days. The samples from the control group were cultivated in normal (1 g) conditions. The simulated gravitational acceleration value was 3.5 × 10–4 g at the rotational velocity of 2.5 rpm and the rotation radius of 0.05 m. The centrifugal acceleration, affecting the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus under clinorotation, was 0.00343 m/s2. The two-way ANOVA analysis demonstrated that the effects of g-level, the duration of the impact and their interaction were all statistically signifi cant. At the same time, 73.1 % of the variance in mycelium growth coeffi cient was triggered by the simulated value of the g, i.e. the duration of the impact was a minor factor. Results. Clinorotation stimulated growth and development of gilled mushroom (Agaricales) mycelium. In particular, in this study the clinorotated mycelium of Agaricus bisporus had approximately 3.4, 2.5, 1.6 times higher coeffi cients of mycelium growth compared against the mycelium, cultivated in stationary conditions (1 g) on day 5, 10, and 15 of the cultivation respectively. Contrary to the control mycelial colonies, the growth of clinorotated mycelial colonies of Agaricus bisporus was asymmetric. The direction of the gravitational acceleration vector regarding mycelium colonies was constantly changing in the microgravitational environment, simulated by the ground-based facility Ekoloh. At the same time, different organs of Agaricus bisporus are characterized by gravitropism of different orientation. Therefore, constant changes in the direction of gravitational acceleration vector regarding mycelium could have caused constant re-orientation of mycelium cells in terms of the gravitational acceleration vector, and thus, multidirectional asymmetric growth. In addition, the centrifugal acceleration, generated during clinorotation, is a mechanostimulator, capable of triggering stress responses in different living systems. The accelerated growth is one of the stress responses. At the same time, mycelium could expand in the environment mechanically due to the impact of centrifugal acceleration. However, the centrifugal acceleration was insignifi cant, thus, we believe that the main effect was caused by microgravity. Conclusions. Since clinorotation stimulates the growth and development of gilled mushrooms and is an effi cient way of forming virus-free planting material of different plants, this technology may have a wide scope of application. It may be used in agriculture, forestry and different industries, using raw plants or mushrooms, for instance, in food, pharmaceutical and textile industries, etc.

scholarly journals Influence of Agaricus Bisporus Establishment and Fungicidal Treatments on Casing Soil Metataxonomy During Mushroom Cultivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Tello ◽  
Rebeca Lavega ◽  
Margarita Pérez ◽  
Antonio J. Pérez ◽  
Michael Thon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The cultivation of edible mushroom is an emerging sector with a potential yet to be discovered. Unlike plants, it is a less developed agriculture where many studies are lacking to optimize the cultivation. Mushrooms are a source of resources still to be revealed, which have applications not only in food, but in many other sectors such as health, industry and biotechnology. Mushroom cultivation consists of the development of selective substrates through composting where the mushroom grows via solid fermentation process. In case of Agaricus bisporus, the compost fully colonized by mycelium hardly produces mushrooms and it is necessary to apply a casing layer with certain physical, chemical and biological characteristics to shift from the vegetative mycelium to the reproductive one, where the native microbiota plays crucial roles. Currently, the industry faces a challenge to substitute the actual peat based casing materials due to the limited natural resources and the impact on the peatlands where peat is extracted.In this work we have employed high-throughput techniques by next generation sequencing to screen the microbial structure of casing soil employed in mushroom cultivation while sequencing V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ITS2 region of rRNA for fungi in an Illumina MiSeq. In addition, the microbiome dynamics and evolution (bacterial and fungal communities) in peat based casing along the process of incubation of Agaricus bisporus have been studied, while comparing the effect of fungicidal treatment (Chlorothalonil and Metrafenone). Statistically significant changes in populations of bacteria and fungi were observed. Microbial composition differed significantly based on incubation day, changing radically from the original communities to a specific microbial composition adapted to enhance the A. bisporus mycelium growth. Chlorothalonil treatment seems to delay casing colonization by A. bisporus. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota appeared as the most dominant bacterial phyla. We observed a great change in the structure of the bacteria populations between day 0 and the following days. Fungi populations changed more gradually, A. bisporus displacing the rest of the species as the cultivation cycle progresses. A better understanding of the microbial communities in the casing will hopefully allow us to increase the biological efficiency during production as well as possibly help us to have a clearer view of the microbial community-pathogen relationships as they are directly related to disease development.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide function during oxygen deprivation in physiological and stress processes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Manrique-Gil ◽  
Inmaculada Sánchez-Vicente ◽  
Isabel Torres-Quezada ◽  
Oscar Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Proteolytic Pathway ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Plants are aerobic organisms that have evolved to maintain specific requirements for oxygen (O2), leading to a correct respiratory energy supply during growth and development. There are certain plant developmental cues and biotic or abiotic stress responses where O2 is scarce. This O2 deprivation known as hypoxia may occur in hypoxic niches of plant-specific tissues and during adverse environmental cues such as pathogen attack and flooding. In general, plants respond to hypoxia through a complex reprogramming of their molecular activities with the aim of reducing the impact of stress on their physiological and cellular homeostasis. This review focuses on the fine-tuned regulation of hypoxia triggered by a network of gaseous compounds that includes O2, ethylene, and nitric oxide. In view of recent scientific advances, we summarize the molecular mechanisms mediated by phytoglobins and by the N-degron proteolytic pathway, focusing on embryogenesis, seed imbibition, and germination, and also specific structures, most notably root apical and shoot apical meristems. In addition, those biotic and abiotic stresses that comprise hypoxia are also highlighted.

scholarly journals ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРЕПАРАТУ «Е-СЕЛЕН» У ПРОЦЕСІ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ МОЛОДНЯКУ НОРОК СКАНДИНАВСЬКОГО ТИПУ СЕЛЕКЦІЇ

2014 ◽  
pp. 99-101
Author(s):  
Н. В. Яремич
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Impact

Наведено результати досліджень рівня впливупрепарату «Е-селен» на динаміку живої маси молод-няку норок скандинавської селекції. Визначено впливрізних схем використання препарату «Е-селен» наінтенсивність росту і розвитку молодняку. Молоднякнорок, яким препарат «Е-селен» вводився в дозі0,04 мг/кг живої маси, краще набирав вагу й перева-жав ровесників контрольної групи в 180-денному віціна 53 грами. Встановлено вірогідну частку впливуселеновмісного препарату «Е-селен» (ηx2=0,10–0,24, p<0,01–0,001) на динаміку живої маси молоднякунорок у віці 60–120 днів. The results of the studies of the impact of selenium preparation "E-Selenium" the dynamics of the live weight of young mink Scandinavian selection. Identified the differences in intensity of growth and development of young animals at various circuits using the preparation "E-selenium." Young mink, which the preparation "E-selenium" was introduced at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg body weight, gaining weight and better exceeded peers in the control group at 180 days of age in '53. Established probable share of influence of selenium preparation "E-selenium» (ηx2 = 0,10-0,24, p <0,01-0,001) on the dynamics of live weight of young minks aged 60-120 days.

scholarly journals Study protocol to assess the impact of an integrated nutrition intervention on the growth and development of children under two in rural Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulshan Ara ◽  
Kazi Istiaque Sanin ◽  
Mansura Khanam ◽  
Shafiqul Alam Sarker ◽  
Sihan Sadat Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Critical Window ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The period from birth to two years is the “critical window” for achieving optimal growth and development. An inadequate quality and quantities of complementary foods, poor child-feeding practices and infection negatively impact the growth of under-twos. Approximately one-third of under-fives in developing countries are stunted; many are also micronutrient deficient. An estimated 6% of mortalities among under-fives can be prevented by ensuring optimal complementary feeding. The objective of the study was to assess the ability of a 12-month integrated nutrition intervention to improve the nutritional status (length-for-age Z-score) of 6 to 12-month-old children in rural Bangladesh. Methods In this community-based randomized controlled trial, the intervention group received a package of interventions that includes, food vouchers; to prepare egg-based nutritious snacks (suji firni for < 1-year-olds, suji halwa for > 1-year-olds), micronutrient powder to fortify children’s food at home, child feeding counselling and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), behaviour change communication. The control group received routine health messages provided by the government. Baseline and endline surveys were conducted; Data collection was performed monthly on children’s growth, food voucher utilization, child feeding and morbidity. In addition, we assessed the cognitive development of the children after 12 months of intervention. Conclusion This trial aims to explore whether an integrated nutrition intervention can mitigate childhood stunting during the critical window of opportunity in rural Bangladesh. The results may provide robust evidence to improve the linear growth of children in developing countries. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered on August 17, 2018 and is available online at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT02768181).

Physiological importance of system A-mediated amino acid transport to rat fetal development

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. C153-C160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Cramer ◽  
Mark Beveridge ◽  
Michael Kilberg ◽  
Donald Novak
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Amino Acid Transporter ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
System A ◽  
Acid Transporter ◽  
The Impact

Fetal growth and development are dependent on the delivery of amino acids from maternal amino acid pools to the fetal blood. This is accomplished via transfer across the apical and basal plasma membrane of the placental syncytiotrophoblast. The aim of this study was to determine whether inhibition of system A (amino acid transporter) was associated with a decrease in fetal weight in the rat. System A is a ubiquitous Na+-dependent amino acid transporter that actively transports small zwitterionic amino acids. In brief, system A was inhibited by infusing a nonmetabolizable synthetic amino acid analog, 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid from days 7–20 of gestation. On day 20, the rats were killed and tissues (maternal liver, fetuses, and placentas) were collected for analysis. The degree of system A inhibition was determined, as was the impact of said inhibition on fetal and maternal weights, system A-mediated placental transport, and placental system A-mediated transporter expression. Our results suggest that when system A is inhibited, fetal weight is diminished [control group: −3.55 ± 0.04 g ( n = 113), experimental group: −3.29 ± 0.04 g ( n = 128)], implying an integral role for system A transport in fetal growth and development in the rat.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of baby massage in increasing infant’s body weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurniati Puji Lestari ◽  
Firdha Rahma Nurbadlina ◽  
Wagiyo Wagiyo ◽  
Muhammad Jauhar
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background: The low birth weight (LBW) problem is found in various developing countries with an increasing trend of cases every year. This is caused by nutritional status and a history of maternal health. The impact of LBW in children is they are more likely to experience delayed growth and development. This study aims to identify the effect of baby massage on infants’ body weight.Design and Methods: The research design used was quasi-experimental pre and post-test type with control group. There were 16 infants for each group selected by purposive sampling. Baby massage was given to the infants twice a week within four weeks, 10 to 15 min per session. Data analysis was used paired t-test and independent t-test.Results: The mean age of infants was 3.69 months for both group, the mean age at birth was 37.8 weeks (intervention) and 38 weeks (control), the mean birth weight of infants was 2,295 grams (intervention) and 2,288 grams (control). Most of the infants was male for both group. There was an effect of baby massage on the increase in infants’ weight gain with a history of low birth weight significantly with a p value <0.05.Conclusions: Baby massage can increase infants’ weight with a history of low birth weight aged 1-6 months. The role of health workers is to provide education and practice baby massage for mothers in order to stimulate the growth and development of infants. This intervention can be integrated with maternal and child health programs in primary health care facilities.

scholarly journals The impact of baby spa on the growth and development of infants aged 3-6 months at Puskesmas I Denpasar Selatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2601
Author(s):  
Noviani Ni Wayan ◽  
Fitria .
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spa Therapy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Growth Chart ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Spa Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Background: Infancy is a critical period which required special and thorough treatment. The pursuant of optimal growth and development of infant is influenced by some factors which are correlated namely, genetics, environment, behavior, and stimulus. One of the measurements to determine growth is weight. Baby spa is one of physiotherapy for infant and could stimulate infant’s motor movement which has significant influence on their growth and development.Methods: The method of this research was Quasi experimental design using the framework of pretest and posttest with control group design on infants aged 3 until 6 months who are healthy. Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS) or growth chart was used to record the growth of infant before and after the treatment. Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) was utilized to measure the infant’s development before and after the treatment. Baby spa therapy was performed once every two weeks for 12 weeks.Results: The research 20 infants of treatment group and control group statistically showed significant increase before and after baby spa treatment in term of growth and development of infants aged 3-6 months with p value=0.0000. There was an impact of the baby spa treatment towards the growth and development of infant aged 3-6 months based on the p value: 0.021.Conclusions: Baby spa which was performed on infants aged 3-6 months significantly increases their growth and development.

Emotions and health: The impact of emotions, emotions regulation, music, and acculturation on health

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Bongard ◽  
Volker Hodapp ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress ◽  
Expression Behavior ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Our unit investigates the relationship of emotional processes (experience, expression, and coping), their physiological correlates and possible health outcomes. We study domain specific anger expression behavior and associated cardio-vascular loads and found e.g. that particularly an open anger expression at work is associated with greater blood pressure. Furthermore, we demonstrated that women may be predisposed for the development of certain mental disorders because of their higher disgust sensitivity. We also pointed out that the suppression of negative emotions leads to increased physiological stress responses which results in a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases. We could show that relaxation as well as music activity like singing in a choir causes increases in the local immune parameter immunoglobuline A. Finally, we are investigating connections between migrants’ strategy of acculturation and health and found e.g. elevated cardiovascular stress responses in migrants when they where highly adapted to the German culture.

Childbirth and Posttraumatic Stress Responses

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelco Olde ◽  
Rolf J. Kleber ◽  
Onno van der Hart ◽  
Victor J.M. Pop
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
The Impact

Childbirth has been identified as a possible traumatic experience, leading to traumatic stress responses and even to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study investigated the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) in a group of women who recently gave birth (N = 435). In addition, a comparison was made between the original IES and the IES-R. The scale showed high internal consistency (α = 0.88). Using confirmatory factor analysis no support was found for a three-factor structure of an intrusion, an avoidance, and a hyperarousal factor. Goodness of fit was only reasonable, even after fitting one intrusion item on the hyperarousal scale. The IES-R correlated significantly with scores on depression and anxiety self-rating scales, as well as with scores on a self-rating scale of posttraumatic stress disorder. Although the IES-R can be used for studying posttraumatic stress reactions in women who recently gave birth, the original IES proved to be a better instrument compared to the IES-R. It is concluded that adding the hyperarousal scale to the IES-R did not make the scale stronger.

Information and Communication Technology and Cultural Change

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hansen ◽  
Tom Postmes ◽  
Nikita van der Vinne ◽  
Wendy van Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ict For Development ◽  
Practical Implications

This paper studies whether and how information and communication technology (ICT) changes self-construal and cultural values in a developing country. Ethiopian children were given laptops in the context of an ICT for development scheme. We compared children who used laptops (n = 69) with a control group without laptops (n = 76) and a second control group of children whose laptop had broken down (n = 24). Results confirmed that after 1 year of laptop usage, the children’s self-concept had become more independent and children endorsed individualist values more strongly. Interestingly, the impact of laptop usage on cultural values was mediated by self-construal (moderated mediation). Importantly, modernization did not “crowd out” traditional culture: ICT usage was not associated with a reduction in traditional expressions (interdependent self-construal, collectivist values). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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