scholarly journals Influence of the isoelectric point of gelatin on its adsorption on nanosilica surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
E. P. Voronin ◽  
◽  
L. P. Golovkova ◽  
L. V. Nosach ◽  
S. L. Los ◽  
...  

The joint efforts of chemists, physicians and technologists conducting researches to create new medical sorbents and combined drugs based on nanosilica, which have not only a detoxifying effect, but also antibacterial, wound healing, hemostatic and other important properties. One of the stages of such a research is developing regulatory documentation. To control the quality of the sorbent, the method of point measurements is most often used, according to it, the amount of adsorption of the marker substance at the single point of the adsorption curve is determined. The suitability of sorbents based on nanosilicа for using is determined by the value of the adsorption capacity concerning to medical gelatin. No other requirements for the process of test adsorption of gelatin by the sorbent are given. although it is known that the adsorption of proteins depends on the pH of the solution. Its maximum value is reached at a pH value corresponding to the isoelectric point (pI) of the protein. Each protein can be characterized by its own isoelectric point. Domestic and foreign standards give only the value of “pH of aqueous solutions” of gelatin and do not contain the indicator “isoelectric point”. The aim of the work is to study the influence of the isoelectric point of gelatin on its adsorption on nanosilica surface at different pH to appreciate the suitability of conditions for determining the adsorption activity of medical sorbents based on nanosilica. The adsorption of three samples of gelatin was examined in the work: A – edible gelatin (pI = 4.3–4.8); B – that from the catalog “Merck” (pI = 4.3–4.8) and C – that from the catalog “Fluka” (pI = 7.5–7.7) on nanosilica surface in the pH range from 3 to 8. It has been shown that for samples A and B the dependence has a maximum at pH ~ 4.5–5; and for sample C, the adsorption increases monotonically with increasing pH. It was noted that at pH ~ 5 the adsorption values for all gelatin samples were approximately equal. The adsorption activity of nanosilica concerning to proteins determined from the isotherms and the method of point measurements is compared. It has been found that the adsorption value of gelatin A onto the nanosilica at Cinitial = 700 mg/100 ml is equal to the Aave value determined by the Langmuir isotherms. This fact verifies the applicability of the method of point measurements for nanosilica/gelatin system to characterize the pharmacological activity of nanosilica based sorbents.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Onyia Chukwuebuka Felix ◽  
Ikegbunam Nkechukwu Moses ◽  
Okafor Maris-stella Chibuanuli ◽  
Esimone Charles Okechukwu

The present work seeks to evaluate the safety and quality of water for injection (WFI) marketed in south-Eastern Nigeria. The physical, microbiological and chemical qualities of different brands of WFI marketed in south- eastern Nigeria were evaluated in order to ascertain their quality. A total of one hundred and forty-seven (147) samples of four different brands of WFI (approximately thirty vials per state) were analysed. All the brands (A, B, and C) except D conformed to the PH range (5.0-7.0) at room temperature. The PH value of all the brands reduced when subjected to increased temperature. All the brands were also sterile. All the brands passed the conductivity test with respect to compendia standard. The study revealed that the various brands of WFI marketed in south-eastern Nigeria conform to some official limits except for heavy metals. However, WFI in south-eastern Nigeria are considerably safe.


Author(s):  
Р.С. РЕШЕТОВА ◽  
В.О. ГОРОДЕЦКИЙ ◽  
О.Ю. БГАНЦЕВА ◽  
С.О. СЕМЕНИХИН

На основе анализа механизма диссоциации гидроксида кальция в известково-сахарных растворах и реакций известково-сахарных соединений на стадиях предварительной прогрессивной и основной дефекаций обосновано влияние возврата карбоната кальция в виде суспензии сатурационных осадков при проведении преддефекации на качество очищенного сока. Установленные теоретические положения подтверждены серией экспериментов. Исследовано влияние возвратов на снижение степени разрушения осадка преддефекованного сока с чистотой 88,7% при повышении щелочности. Для трех образцов диффузионного сока проводили прогрессивную преддефекацию, дефекацию с одинаковым расходом извести и при одинаковых технологических режимах (температуре и длительности). Для 1-го образца преддефекацию проводили только известковым молоком, без возвратов суспензий сатурационных осадков. Для 2-го образца наряду с известковым молоком добавляли 20-процентную суспензию осадка сока первой сатурации в количестве 50% к массе сока. Для 3-го образца преддефекацию проводили известковым молоком с возвратом 20-процентной суспензии осадка сока второй сатурации, содержащей 7% твердой фракции. Установлено, что во всех образцах при добавлении извести после преддефекации в сахарных растворах повышается содержание растворимых солей кальция. Для подтверждения влияния высокой щелочности при дефекации на разрушение части образованного на преддефекации осадка проведены исследования в заводской лаборатории на производственных соках. Преддефекованный сок делили на два образца. Для 1-го образца отделяли осадок отстаиванием до основной дефекации, во 2-м образце сок подвергали дефекации без отделения осадка. Оба образца обрабатывали известью в количестве 2,0% СаО к массе сока в течение 20 мин при температуре 50–52°С. Установлено, что в отсутствие осадка преддефекованного сока повышение содержания солей кальция в дефекованном соке значительно меньше, чем в его присутствии. Доказано, что при известково-углекислотной очистке для повышения положительного влияния двухзарядного иона кальция и снижения отрицательного воздействия однозарядного иона гидроксикальция целесообразно проводить предварительную дефекацию при плавном нарастании щелочности и при конечном значении рН в пределах от 10,8 до 11,2 для исключения накопления растворимых солей кальция; осуществлять возврат суспензии осадка сока второй сатурации для снижения содержания растворимых солей в сахарных растворах за счет более прочной связи несахаров в частицах осадка и препятствования их разрушения при высокой щелочности. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of dissociation of calcium hydroxide in lime-sugar solutions and reactions of lime-sugar compounds at the stages of preliminary progressive and basic defecation, the effect of the return of calcium carbonate in the form of a suspension of carbonation sediment during preliminary defection on the quality of purified juice is justified. The established theoretical positions are confirmed by a series of experiments. The effect of returns on reducing the degree of destruction of the sediment of pre-defected juice with a purity of 88,7% with an increase in alkalinity was studied. For three samples of diffusion juice, progressive preliminary defection, defecation with the same lime consumption and under the same technological conditions (temperature and duration) were carried out. For the 1st sample preliminary defecation conducted only with milk of lime, no refunds suspensions carbonation sediments. For the 2nd sample, along with lime milk, a 20% suspension of sediment of the first saturation juice was added in an amount of 50% to the juice mass. For the 3rd sample, preliminary defection was carried out with lime milk with the return of a 20% suspension of sediment the juice of the second saturation containing 7% of the solid fraction. It is established that in all samples by the addition of lime after preliminary defecation in sugar solutions the content of soluble calcium salts increases. To confirm the effect of high alkalinity during defecation on the destruction of part of the sediment formed on the preliminary defection studies in the factory laboratory on production juices were carried out. The preliminary defected juice was divided into two samples. For the 1st sample the sediment was separated by settling to the basic defecation, in the 2nd sample the juice was subjected to defecation without sediment separation. Both samples were treated with lime in an amount of 2,0% CaO to the juice mass for 20 min at a temperature of 50–52°C. It was found that in the absence of sediment of the preliminary defected juice, the increase of calcium salts in the defected juice is much less than in its presence. It is proved that in lime-carbon dioxide purification to increase the positive effect of a double-charged calcium ion and reduce the negative impact of a single-charge hydroxycalcium ion, it is advisable to carry out preliminary defecation with a smooth increase in alkalinity and at a final pH value in the range from 10,8 to 11,2 to exclude the accumulation of soluble calcium salts; to return the suspension of the saturation sediment of juice the second to reduce the content of soluble salts in sugar solutions due to a stronger bond of non-sugars in the sediment particles and prevent their destruction at high alkalinity.


Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Martin Aprilino Tambunan ◽  
Jemmy Abidjulu ◽  
Audy Wuntu

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang kualitas fisika-kimia air sumur di tempat pembuangan akhir sampah (TPA) kecamatan Tuminting, Manado secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Kajian yang dilakukan meliputi parameter fisika yaitu penentuan pH, bau, rasa, warna, kekeruhan dan total padatan terlarut (TDT) serta parameter kimia yaitu penentuan nitrat, nitrit, klorida, sulfat, besi dan mangan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian parameter fisika pada 4 titik pengambilan air ada beberapa titik pengambilan sampel yang tidak sesuai dengan syarat baku mutu kualitas air yaitu tidak berbau dan berasa serta memiliki rentang pH 6,5-9,2 dan memiliki nilai maksimal untuk warna 50, kekeruhan 25, dan TDT 1500. Begitu juga untuk parameter kimia ada beberapa titik pengambilan sampel yang tidak sesuai dengan syarat baku mutu kualitas air yaitu memiliki nilai maksimal untuk klorida 600 mg/L, nitrat 10 mg/L, nitrit 1 mg/L, besi 1 mg/L, mangan 0,5 m/L dan sulfat 400 mg/L.A research on the physico-chemical quality of the well water in the landfill (TPA) district Tuminting, Manado has been done. The study includedphysical parameters, namely pH, odor, taste, color, turbidity and total dissolved solids (TDS) and chemical parameters, namely nitrate, nitrite, chloride, sulphate, iron and manganese. Among the four sampling sites, some sites did not meet the water quality standard based on some physical parameters, those are odorless and tasteless, pH range of 6.5 to 9.2 and maximum value of 50 for color, 25 for turbidity, and 1500 for TDS. Likewise, for chemical parameters, several sampling points are not in accordance with the terms of water quality standard, those aremaximum value of 600 mg/Lfor chlorides, 10 mg/L for nitrate, 1 mg/L for nitrite, 1 mg/L for iron, 0.5 m/L for manganese and 400 mg/L for sulphate.


2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3570-3573
Author(s):  
Jin Song Yang ◽  
Yi Min Cai ◽  
Hai Sheng Tan

Three samples of jackfruit peel were prepared, which were processed through adding no additives, adding lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and adding both LAB and pectinase respectively. In order to find out the regular pattern of microbial flora, microbial flora of each sample was analyzed during ensiling. It was found out that growth of LAB reached its peak of 1.2×109~4.5×109 CFU/g FM in the 7th day of ensiling, growth of aerobic bacteria reached its peak of 3.5×105~1.8×106 CFU/g FM in the 3rd day of ensiling, and growth of yeast reached its peak of 2.8×105~4.6×105 CFU/g FM in the 3rd day of ensiling. All of the samples with different way of processing showed the same trend that growth of microbial flora number were increased gradually and then decreased. It were also found out that decrease of pH value had relation with LAB number, and decrease of pH value were lagged behind the peak number of LAB, and number of aerobic bacteria and yeast were decreased with reproducing of LAB and decline of pH value. Quality of silage added with LAB, and both pectinase and LAB were better than that with no additives.


Rekayasa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Evi Siti Sofiyah ◽  
I Wayan Koko Suryawan

Domestic wastewater contains a high average nutrient ammonia-N (NH3-N) and total phosphate (PO43--P). This nutrient content has the potential to cause eutropication in water bodies. To prevent this eutropication, it is necessary to treat domestic wastewater. Currently, processing technology is needed that is useful for improving the quality of processed wastewater and a small amount of byproduct. One of these technologies is processing with a microalgae system, where the algae can be used to become biodiesel. Two types of microalgae that have the potential to produce biodiesel are Spirulina platensis and Nannochloropsis oculate. The cultivation of the two types of microalgae was carried out in the domestic wastewater media of Jakarta City by providing 24-hour lighting with UV-A and UV-B. The specific growth rates of Spirulina platensis and Nannochloropsis oculate were not much different, namely 0.0279 h-1 and 0.0282 h-1. The microalgae Spirulina platensis and Nannochloropsis oculate respectively reduced NH3-N nutrients by 82% and 80%, while PO43-P was 65.2% and 63.7%. The pH value during processing shows in the normal pH range. Total dissolved solids (TDS) in the processing process also decreased in a span of 48 hours.


2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 458-462
Author(s):  
Ewa Iwańska ◽  
Beata Mikołajczak ◽  
Bożena Grześ ◽  
Edward Pospiech

The aim of the study was to evaluate the post mortem proteolysis of centrifugal drip protein derived from pork. The varied course of the process of meat tenderization in muscles using the isoelectric focusing (IEF) technique was observed. The experimental material was the longissimus lumborum et thoracis muscle excised from 24 pigs of known origin, breeding and rearing conditions. Meat of normal quality (RFN) was examined in this study. On the basis of shear force values, the experimental muscles were divided into 4 groups of different courses of tenderization: A – meat remaining tough during the entire 6-day period of post-slaughter changes; B – meat characterized by a typical tenderization process, i.e. tough 48 h after slaughter and tender after 6 days of storage; C – tender or relatively tender meat on both dates of examination; D – meat which was the toughest 48 hours after slaughter and the most tender 144 hours after slaughter. Proteins for electrophoretic analysis on the agarose gel of the centrifugal drip fraction were submitted after 48 h and 144 h post mortem. The separation of the proteins was performed in a horizontal layout, using an FBE-3000 apparatus and an ECPS power pack (Pharmacia). On every path of the proteins separation, four ranges of pH value were evaluated, namely: 4.0 ÷ 6.0 pI, 6.1 ÷ 7.2 pI, 7.3 ÷ 7.7 pI and > 7.7 pI. Meat tenderness on the second day after slaughter was influenced by proteins, in which their pI was in the range of 6.1÷ 7.2 and 4.0 ÷ 6.0. From the evaluation which was carried out in the immunoblotting analysis of proteins using troponin T (9D) antibodies it was demonstrated that 48 h after slaughtering the most intense reactions were observed in the range of pI of 5.5 ÷ 5.9, which is the pH range corresponding to the isoelectric point of troponin T. However, after 144 h post mortem the most intense reaction was demonstrated in the range of pI of 6.1÷ 7.7. This indicates the breakdown of troponin T and an increase of the number of degradation products of this protein occurring while the meat tenderization process progresses. The degradation products of troponin T identified by IEF can be an indicator of meat tenderization.


2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 168.2-168
Author(s):  
L. Wagner ◽  
S. Sestini ◽  
C. Brown ◽  
A. Finglas ◽  
R. Francisco ◽  
...  

Background:Inborn metabolic disorders (IMDs) currently encompass more than 1,500 diseases with new ones still to be identified1. Each of them is characterised by a genetic defect affecting a metabolic pathway. Only few of them have curative treatments, that target the respective metabolic pathway. Commonly, treatment examples include diet, substrate reduction therapies, enzyme replacement therapies, gene therapy and biologicals, enabling IMD-patient now to survive to adulthood. About 30 % of all IMDs involve the musculoskeletal system and are here referred to as rare metabolic RMDs. Generally, IMDs are very heterogenous with respect to symptoms and severity, often being systemic and affecting more children than adults. Thus, challenges include certified advanced training of adult metabolic experts, standardised transition plans, social support and development of therapies for diseases that do not have any cure yet.Objectives:Introduction of MetabERN, its structure and objectives, highlighting on the unique features and challenges of metabolic RMDs and describing the involvement of patient representation in MetabERN.Methods:MetabERN is stratified in 7 subnetworks (SNW) according to the respective metabolic pathways and 9 work packages (WP), including administration, dissemination, guidelines, virtual counselling framework, research/clinical trials, continuity of care, education and patient involvement. The patient board involves a steering committee and single point of contacts for each subnetwork and work package, respectively2. Projects include identifying the need of implementing social science to assess the psycho-socio-economic burden of IMDs, webinars on IMDs and their transition as well as surveys on the impact of COVID-193 on IMD-patients and health care providers (HCPs), social assistance for IMD-patients and analysing the transition landscape within Europe.Results:The MetabERN structure enables bundling of expertise, capacity building and knowledge transfer for faster diagnosis and better health care. Rare metabolic RMDs are present in all SNWs that require unique treatments according to their metabolic pathways. Implementation of social science to assess the psycho-socio-economic burden of IMDs is still underused. Involvement of patient representatives is essential for a holistic healthcare not only focusing on clinical care, but also on the quality of life for IMD-patients. Surveys identified unmet needs of patient care, patients having little information on national support systems and structural deficits of healthcare systems to ensure HCP can provide adequate clinical care during transition phases. These results are collected by MetabERN and forwarded to the Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (DG SANTE) of the European Commission (EC) to be addressed further.Conclusion:MetabERN offers an infrastructure of virtual healthcare for patients with IMDs. Thus, in collaboration with ERN ReCONNET, MetabERN can assist in identifying rare metabolic disorders of RMDs to shorten the odyssey of diagnosis and advise on their respective therapies. On the other hand, MetabERN can benefit from EULAR’s longstanding experience regarding issues affecting the quality of life, all RMD patients are facing, such as pain, stiffness, fatigue, rehabilitation, maintaining work and disability claims.References:[1]IEMbase - Inborn Errors of Metabolism Knowledgebase http://www.iembase.org/ (accessed Jan 29, 2021).[2]MetabERN: European Refence Network for Hereditary Metabolic Disorders https://metab.ern-net.eu/ (accessed Jan 29, 2021).[3]Lampe, C.; Dionisi-Vici, C.; Bellettato, C. M.; Paneghetti, L.; van Lingen, C.; Bond, S.; Brown, C.; Finglas, A.; Francisco, R.; Sestini, S.; Heard, J. M.; Scarpa, M.; MetabERN collaboration group. The Impact of COVID-19 on Rare Metabolic Patients and Healthcare Providers: Results from Two MetabERN Surveys. Orphanet J. Rare Dis.2020, 15 (1), 341. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-020-01619-x.Acknowledgements:The authors thank the MetabERN collaboration group, the single point of contacts (SPOC) of the MetabERN patient board and the Transition Project Working Group (TPWG)Disclosure of Interests:None declared


2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Babovic ◽  
Dejan Markovic ◽  
Vojkan Dimitrijevic ◽  
Dragan Markovic

This paper shows the results obtained in field analysis performed at the Tamis River, starting from the settlement Jasa Tomic - border between Serbia and Romania to Pancevo - confluence of Tamis into the Danube. The Tamis is a 359 km long river rising in the southern Carpathian Mountains. It flows through the Banat region and flows into the Danube near Pancevo. During the years the water quality of the river has severely deteriorated and badly affected the environment and the river ecosystem. In situ measurements enabled determination of physico-chemical parameters of water quality of the Tamis River on every 400 m of the watercourse, such as: water temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, contents of dissolved oxygen and oxygen saturation. The main reason of higher pollution of Tamis is seen in connection to DTD hydro system. Sampling was performed at 7 points with regard to color, turbidity, total hardness, alkalinity, concentration of ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, iron, chlorides and sulphates in samples. The aim of the present work was to evaluate water quality in the Tamis River taking into account significant pollution, which originates from settlements, industry and agriculture, and to suggest appropriate preventive measures to further pollution decreasing of the river's water.


1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise D. Stalnaker ◽  
Nancy A. Creaghead

Language samples were obtained from 12 Head Start preschool children under the following three experimental conditions: Condition I, Retelling a Story with Toys; Condition II, Playing with Toys; Condition III, Toys with Questions. The quantity and quality of the three samples gathered from each child were compared by analyzing the total number of utterances, the proportion of the total utterances which were sentence fragments, the number of transformations and adverbial expansions, the number of different semantic relationships, and the mean length of utterance (MLU). Results indicated that retelling a story produced the largest MLU, but toys and questions produced more utterances. These findings indicated that questioning children does not inhibit their language and asking them to retell a story may be a fruitful approach to use when gathering a language sample.


Author(s):  
Mevi Irianti Tonapa ◽  
Rani Dewi Pratiwi ◽  
Elsye Gunawan

Kenop Flower (Gomphrena globosa L.) is used in the manufacture of lip cream because contains betacyanin pigments that function as color pigments. This study aims to determine the physical quality and stability of the lip cream preparation of the ethanol extract of kenop flower (Gomphrena globosa L.). This research was conducted experimentally, including the manufacture of lip cream formulations with ethanol extract of kenop flower (Gomphrena globosa L.) with a concentration of 10%. The results of the physical examination test for lip cream preparations for all preparations have a distinctive vanilla aroma with a semi-solid texture, F0 has ivory white color and F1-F3 has a brown color. The preparations had a homogeneous composition, average pH 6-7, had good greasing power, 5.0-5.8 average dispersion and 60.33-66.67 seconds average adhesion. The stability test carried out on day 28 found that all preparations were stable, had a distinctive vanilla aroma with a semi-solid texture, F0 had ivory white color and F1-F3 had a brown color. The preparation has a homogeneous composition; the average pH is 6-7. Where the lip cream formulas F1 and F3 decreased the pH value on the 28th day from 7 to 6 but tended to be stable and in the pH range that matched the lip pH. And there is no phase separation in all formulas.


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