INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM IONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PRELIMINARY AND BASIC DEFECATION ON THE QUALITY OF THE TREATED JUICE

Author(s):  
Р.С. РЕШЕТОВА ◽  
В.О. ГОРОДЕЦКИЙ ◽  
О.Ю. БГАНЦЕВА ◽  
С.О. СЕМЕНИХИН

На основе анализа механизма диссоциации гидроксида кальция в известково-сахарных растворах и реакций известково-сахарных соединений на стадиях предварительной прогрессивной и основной дефекаций обосновано влияние возврата карбоната кальция в виде суспензии сатурационных осадков при проведении преддефекации на качество очищенного сока. Установленные теоретические положения подтверждены серией экспериментов. Исследовано влияние возвратов на снижение степени разрушения осадка преддефекованного сока с чистотой 88,7% при повышении щелочности. Для трех образцов диффузионного сока проводили прогрессивную преддефекацию, дефекацию с одинаковым расходом извести и при одинаковых технологических режимах (температуре и длительности). Для 1-го образца преддефекацию проводили только известковым молоком, без возвратов суспензий сатурационных осадков. Для 2-го образца наряду с известковым молоком добавляли 20-процентную суспензию осадка сока первой сатурации в количестве 50% к массе сока. Для 3-го образца преддефекацию проводили известковым молоком с возвратом 20-процентной суспензии осадка сока второй сатурации, содержащей 7% твердой фракции. Установлено, что во всех образцах при добавлении извести после преддефекации в сахарных растворах повышается содержание растворимых солей кальция. Для подтверждения влияния высокой щелочности при дефекации на разрушение части образованного на преддефекации осадка проведены исследования в заводской лаборатории на производственных соках. Преддефекованный сок делили на два образца. Для 1-го образца отделяли осадок отстаиванием до основной дефекации, во 2-м образце сок подвергали дефекации без отделения осадка. Оба образца обрабатывали известью в количестве 2,0% СаО к массе сока в течение 20 мин при температуре 50–52°С. Установлено, что в отсутствие осадка преддефекованного сока повышение содержания солей кальция в дефекованном соке значительно меньше, чем в его присутствии. Доказано, что при известково-углекислотной очистке для повышения положительного влияния двухзарядного иона кальция и снижения отрицательного воздействия однозарядного иона гидроксикальция целесообразно проводить предварительную дефекацию при плавном нарастании щелочности и при конечном значении рН в пределах от 10,8 до 11,2 для исключения накопления растворимых солей кальция; осуществлять возврат суспензии осадка сока второй сатурации для снижения содержания растворимых солей в сахарных растворах за счет более прочной связи несахаров в частицах осадка и препятствования их разрушения при высокой щелочности. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of dissociation of calcium hydroxide in lime-sugar solutions and reactions of lime-sugar compounds at the stages of preliminary progressive and basic defecation, the effect of the return of calcium carbonate in the form of a suspension of carbonation sediment during preliminary defection on the quality of purified juice is justified. The established theoretical positions are confirmed by a series of experiments. The effect of returns on reducing the degree of destruction of the sediment of pre-defected juice with a purity of 88,7% with an increase in alkalinity was studied. For three samples of diffusion juice, progressive preliminary defection, defecation with the same lime consumption and under the same technological conditions (temperature and duration) were carried out. For the 1st sample preliminary defecation conducted only with milk of lime, no refunds suspensions carbonation sediments. For the 2nd sample, along with lime milk, a 20% suspension of sediment of the first saturation juice was added in an amount of 50% to the juice mass. For the 3rd sample, preliminary defection was carried out with lime milk with the return of a 20% suspension of sediment the juice of the second saturation containing 7% of the solid fraction. It is established that in all samples by the addition of lime after preliminary defecation in sugar solutions the content of soluble calcium salts increases. To confirm the effect of high alkalinity during defecation on the destruction of part of the sediment formed on the preliminary defection studies in the factory laboratory on production juices were carried out. The preliminary defected juice was divided into two samples. For the 1st sample the sediment was separated by settling to the basic defecation, in the 2nd sample the juice was subjected to defecation without sediment separation. Both samples were treated with lime in an amount of 2,0% CaO to the juice mass for 20 min at a temperature of 50–52°C. It was found that in the absence of sediment of the preliminary defected juice, the increase of calcium salts in the defected juice is much less than in its presence. It is proved that in lime-carbon dioxide purification to increase the positive effect of a double-charged calcium ion and reduce the negative impact of a single-charge hydroxycalcium ion, it is advisable to carry out preliminary defecation with a smooth increase in alkalinity and at a final pH value in the range from 10,8 to 11,2 to exclude the accumulation of soluble calcium salts; to return the suspension of the saturation sediment of juice the second to reduce the content of soluble salts in sugar solutions due to a stronger bond of non-sugars in the sediment particles and prevent their destruction at high alkalinity.

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Dicky Rachmanzah ◽  
Bambang Widigdo ◽  
Yusli Wardiatno

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menilai kesesuaian pelaksanaan dan capaian tujuan program penberdayaan melalui penilaian Indeks Pelaksanaan Program dan Indeks Pencapaian Tujuan;  (2) mengidentifikasi  pengaruh  variabel  pelaksanaan  sebagaimana  disebutkan  dalam  pedoman pemberdayaan terhadap tujuan program pemberdayaan dalam dimensi ekologis, ekonomi, dan  sosial, serta; (3) merumuskan strategi perbaikan yang perlu dilakukan sehingga pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan masyarakat pesisir dapat terlaksana dan berlanjut secara efektif. Metode penelitian  yang digunakan adalah metode survey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Indeks Pelaksanaan Program adalah sebesar 2,39 dengan kategori ‘Baik’. Indikator yang memerlukan upaya perbaikan  yaitu indikator ketepatan waktu penyaluran bantuan; (2) Indeks Pencapaian Tujuan sebesar 2,11 dengan kategori Cukup. Indikator capaian tujuan peningkatan kualitas lingkungan dan peningkatan kelembagaan kelompok memerlukan upaya perbaikan guna pencapaian kategori yang lebih baik; (3) Terhadap pencapaian tujuan dalam dimensi ekonomi berupa peningkatan produksi budidaya, variabel ketepatan waktu penyaluran, kecukupan jumlah bantuan, dan aktivitas pendampingan berpengaruh positif, sedangkan variabel kejadian kekeringan berpengaruh negatif; (4) Untuk pencapaian tujuan dalam  dimensi  sosial,  hanya  variabel  aktivitas  pendampingan  yang  berpengaruh  signifikan  terhadap peningkatan kelembagaan kelompok, dan; (5) Keseluruhan variabel pelaksanaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap capaian tujuan dalam dimensi ekologis berupa peningkatan kualitas lingkungan. Dengan memperhatikan hasil analisis, beberapa opsi kebijakan yang perlu dilakukan oleh Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan yaitu: (1) penyesuaian waktu penyaluran bantuan dengan musim tanam untuk meningkatkan efektifitas capaian tujuan dalam dimensi ekonomi; (2) peningkatan dukungan terhadap aktivitas pendampingan oleh tenaga penyuluh, untuk meningkatkan capaian tujuan dalam dimensi sosial, dan; (3) peningkatkan capaian tujuan dalam dimensi ekologis, berupa peningkatan kualitas lingkungan melalui pemberian intensif bagi pembudidaya yang memiliki sertifikat cara budidaya ikan yang baik (CBIB)(Title: Implementation Study of The Coastal Communities Empowerment Program Based on Sustainable Management of Milkfish Cultured In The Coastal Regency of Karawang)This study aimed to: (1) assess the suitability of the empowerment program implementation and  goals through the introduction of programs implementation Indexes and achievement of goals indexes;  (2) identify influences of enforcement variable mentioned in empowerment guidelines against goals of empowerment programs, the objectives in the form of economic, social, and ecology dimensions, and; (3) formulate strategy that needs to be done so the program can continue and be implemented effectively  in achieving its goal. Survey was used as the research method. The result of studies have shown that:  (1) Program Implementation Index that states performance level of coastal community empowerment program is worth 2.39 with the Good category. Performance indicators that require improvement efforts in order to achieve a better category , i.e. punctuality indicators of aid distribution; (2) Achievement Index that states the level of achievement goals of empowerment program is worth 2.11 with moderate 14 categories. The whole purpose of indicators that include increased production, increased institutional  farmer group, and improving the quality of the environment in the category of quite and require attention  and improvement efforts in order to achieve a better category; (3) against the objectives in the form of economic, variable aid delivery timeliness,adequacy of the amount of aid, and mentoring activity has a positive effect, while the incidence of drought has negative impact; (4) against the objectives in the form of social, only mentoring activities has a positive effect, and; (5) all of implementation variable hasn’t  effect against the objectives in the form of ecology. By considering the results of the analysis, some policy options that need to be done by Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries are: 1) timing adjustment aid to the fish cultivation to increase the effectiveness of objectives in the form of economic; (2) Improved support for mentoring activities, to increase the objectives in the form of social; (3) and improvement of objectives in the form of ecology objectives through the rovision of intensive to the farmers who are  certified best aquaculture practiced


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelija Paulauskienė ◽  
Živilė Tarasevičienė ◽  
Daiva Šileikienė ◽  
Laima Česonienė

Agaricus bisporus is a rich source of biologically active compounds with functional properties that have a positive effect on human health. White and brown A. bisporus mushrooms were grown both organically and conventionally. This study aimed to analyze chemical composition of the mushrooms, their electrochemical properties, and the composition of volatile compounds. The relationships between cultivation practices and the basic chemical composition, electrochemical properties, and aroma compounds of A. bisporus were examined. The results reveal that ecologically grown mushrooms accumulated higher amounts of ascorbic acid while conventionally grown mushrooms accumulated more crude protein and zinc. More substantial amounts of dry matter, crude protein, and crude ash were found in the brown mushrooms. The white mushrooms had a higher content of ascorbic acid, crude fat, and dietary fiber. Ten volatile compounds were tentatively identified in analyzed mushrooms, including five aldehydes, two esters, two alcohols, and one terpene. Conventionally grown mushrooms had a higher pH value, but eco mushrooms had significantly lower redox potential. White mushrooms had lower p-values than brown mushrooms. Eco mushrooms could not be distinguished by their qualitative characteristics. The chemical composition of white and brown mushrooms was somewhat different, and only the electrochemical properties of mushrooms differed significantly.


Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Yu. Babyshev ◽  
◽  
Galina A. Barysheva ◽  
Thi Bich Ngoc Tran ◽  
Dao Thanh Binh ◽  
...  

Technological and demographic changes have actualized the question of the influence of the nature of employment and the parameters of the workplace on the quality of a person’s working life. A scientific review and analysis of the impact of current trends in employment modes on the quality of human life is presented. Based on the literature review, it has been concluded that if there is unanimity among scientists about the positive impact of the regime of protected and standard employment on the quality of life, there is active debate about the impact of the regime of vulnerable and precarious employment. Also, based on the analysis of the literature, it has been determined that people’s subjective satisfaction does not always coincide with a positive impact on the objective quality of life. The study is based on comparative and correlation analysis as a method for processing statistical data from the OECD, ILO and WB. The employment regimes were classified according to four enlarged groups: economic sectors, professions, status, and employment regime. The assessments of the quality of life were classified according to three indicators: the human development index, the quality of life index and the international happiness index. The most important factors in the development of the labor market, influencing the quality of working life, have been identified: parameters of the quality of the workplace (the level of wages, employment stability, qualifications of workers, the level of social and legal guarantees) and the general level of employment. The most reasoned point of view was revealed: the regime of standard protected employment (permanent full-time work under a formal contract) has a positive effect, and the regime of precarious work (various options for informal, temporary or part-time employment) has a negative impact on the quality of life. The protected employment regime (hired labor and selfemployment as an entrepreneur) has a positive effect, while the vulnerable employment regime (individual self-employment and intra-family employment) has a negative impact on the quality of life. The transition to a “new” economy and highly skilled jobs has a significant impact on the quality of working life. The opinion of experts about non-standard forms of employment as a single category is refuted. The positive influence of the mode of part-time employment on the quality of life is revealed, the contradictory influence of the mode of temporary employment on the quality of life is shown. Achievement of material well-being and sociopolitical stability to a large extent contradicts the subjective happiness of people and the protection of the environment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Memey Suhaya Putri ◽  
Etih Hartati ◽  
Djaenudin Djaenudin

<p>The use of excessive synthetic coagulants and continuously will have a negative impact because of the increasing amount of mud volume can accumulate in the human body. The quality of Cikapundung River water has decreased every year, so it is necessary to treat Cikapundung River water through a process of coagulation and flocculation using coagulants made from nanocytin, chitosan and commercial chitosan. Measurement of these parameters uses the gravimetric and titrimetri method. The dose of coagulant used in the process of coagulation and flocculation is 10 mg / L, by varying the pH value of pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9 and the flocculation time variations of 15 minutes, 20 minutes and 25 minutes. The measurement results showed with a dose of coagulant 10 mg / L, commercial chitosan pH 5 flocculation times of 25 minutes can reduce the TSS concentration of 12 mg / L with 99.38% total suspended allowance. Concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand 13.12 mg / L with 98.91% allowance. The TSS value has fulfilled the quality standard according to Government Regulation Number 82 of 2001 concerning Management of Water Quality and Water Pollution Control in the first class.</p>


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isa Ansari. K ◽  
Rahman Kadir ◽  
Ansar

This paper aims to test and analyze the influence of the Administration in the form of policy formulation, implementation and evaluation of the quality of service and the satisfaction of the public. This research was conducted on The Office of System Administration Manunggal under One Roof in Indonesia with a population of 5.292 people and carried out with formulations Slovin on the precision of 5% with a total sample of 372 respondents. The study's hypotheses were tested using a model of Structural Equation Model (AMOS ver. 18). The study found that 1) directly in policy formulation and evaluation of policies and significant positive effect on the quality of service, while the implementation of policies have a positive impact and no significant effect on the quality of service; 2) direct policy formulation and evaluation of policies and significant positive effect on public satisfaction, and implementation of policies and no significant negative effect on public satisfaction; 3) the quality of the service directly positive and significant impact on public satisfaction; and 4) indirectly policy formulation and evaluation of policies through quality service and significant positive effect on public satisfaction, while policy implementation indirectly through service quality and no significant negative impact on public satisfaction.


2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2278-2282
Author(s):  
Si Qing Liu ◽  
Xiong Tong ◽  
Bao Xu Song

The tailings water of Luoba lead-zinc concentrator in Gansu China is characterized by high pH value and calcium oxide content, moreover, the concentration of lead ions, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD) exceed the regulatory discharge standard. Studies on the combined use of ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) and LSQ (an innovative regent developed by Kunming University of Science and Technology) were conducted to treat the wastewater. Results show that the quality of treated tailings water by calcium removal-neutralization process can meet the regulatory discharge standard. Results show that the treated water can be reused for flotation, which helps to upgrade the quality of the concentrate and makes no difference with the fresh water used in the concentrator.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1625-1634
Author(s):  
Devid Putra Arda ◽  
Etty Murwaningsari ◽  
Juniati Gunawan

According to the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution, the basis for the establishment of cooperatives in Indonesia, is intended to be one of the solid pillars of the nation's economy. Cooperatives have not played much role in reducing people's poverty and realizing food independence (Tjakrawerdjaja, 2019). The purpose of this study is to develop a measurement of the quality of the implementation of cooperative governance. Cooperative governance that is not based on the principle of good cooperative governance has the potential to have a negative impact on the health of cooperatives and the survival of cooperatives (Budiyono & Susilowati, 2017). The research method used in this study is qualitative research, which emphasizes analyzing and interpreting a problem (Afrizal, 2014). Participants in this study are those who have knowledge and experience about cooperatives. The population will spread across the scope of the cooperative, especially at the level of administrators, supervisors, and management. The process of analyzing research data is carried out inductively, namely data analysis is carried out simultaneously with data collection in a cyclical process (Nugrahani, 2014). The data analysis model that the author uses is the interactive analysis of Miles & Huberman. In order to collect data from information sources or informants, researchers need assistance instruments that are used semi-structured interview guidelines. The next stage of this research is to conduct content analysis. The main purpose of content analysis is to support answers to research questions, namely the extent to which cooperative governance is implemented. Content analysis is carried out on the Accountability Report of the Cooperative Management and Supervisory Board. The results of this study indicate that the Development of Quality Measurement of Cooperative Governance Implementation, produces 15 (fifteen) dimensions and 97 (ninety-seven) indicators. The level of implementation of the development of measurement of the quality of the implementation of cooperative governance in the two samples of cooperatives obtained the findings: (a) BPK RI Cooperatives received the predicate "not good"; (b) KSP SMS implementation level gets the predicate “Good”.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (41) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Ľubica Knošková ◽  
Petra Garasová

Abstract In recent years fast fashion has become a new trend. Fast fashion has changed the way how consumers are dressed and think about fashion. Clothes became cheaper, and shopping became a form of entertainment. The aim of the paper is to identify the economic impact of consumer purchases in fast fashion stores. Authors discuss fast fashion situation using results of own consumer survey, case studies, research studies and secondary data applying analysis, Abstraction, synthesis, deduction, comparison, description, and specification. Authors conclude that consumers’ purchases have a big impact on economics, because how we found out, fast fashion has a growing trend both in stores and in ecommerce. Form our survey it is evident that majority of consumers cannot link the high perceived quality of the clothing during shopping in fast fashion stores with achieved low level of durability during wearing. Increasing customer consumption can have a positive effect on economics, but also a negative impact on environment.


2020 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
A. M. Talybova ◽  
A. G. Stenko

Atrophic scars are a common pathology that can have a negative impact on the patient’s quality of life. Methods for correcting atrophic scars include chemical peels, dermabrasion, ablative or non-ablative laser resurfacing, filler insertion, and surgical techniques. Depending on the type and severity of the scar, an individual approach is required to obtain satisfactory results. Material and methods. The study included 32 patients with atrophic scars. Depending on the therapy, the patients were divided into two groups in which they received microneedle radiofrequency therapy or fractional photothermolysis. The effectiveness of the methods of therapy was assessed using laser doppler fluometry and ultrasound scanning. Research results. The RF microneedle method and fractional photothermolysis have a positive effect on the epidermal-dermal structure of the skin, which is expressed in the approximation of the acoustic density and thickness of the epidermis and dermis to normal values, and also improve microcirculation. When analyzing the results of correction of atrophic scars, more pronounced positive dynamics was observed after the application of RF microneedles.


2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3570-3573
Author(s):  
Jin Song Yang ◽  
Yi Min Cai ◽  
Hai Sheng Tan

Three samples of jackfruit peel were prepared, which were processed through adding no additives, adding lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and adding both LAB and pectinase respectively. In order to find out the regular pattern of microbial flora, microbial flora of each sample was analyzed during ensiling. It was found out that growth of LAB reached its peak of 1.2×109~4.5×109 CFU/g FM in the 7th day of ensiling, growth of aerobic bacteria reached its peak of 3.5×105~1.8×106 CFU/g FM in the 3rd day of ensiling, and growth of yeast reached its peak of 2.8×105~4.6×105 CFU/g FM in the 3rd day of ensiling. All of the samples with different way of processing showed the same trend that growth of microbial flora number were increased gradually and then decreased. It were also found out that decrease of pH value had relation with LAB number, and decrease of pH value were lagged behind the peak number of LAB, and number of aerobic bacteria and yeast were decreased with reproducing of LAB and decline of pH value. Quality of silage added with LAB, and both pectinase and LAB were better than that with no additives.


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