DETERMINANTS OF CITIZENS’ ATTITUDE TO THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE (1994–2020)

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
OLEKSANDR REZNIK
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
First Year ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
The Family ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Electoral Cycles ◽  
Official Status

The article analyzes the determinants of citizens’ assessment of the activity of the Presidents of Ukraine during 1994–2020. The institution of the Presidency in the mass consciousness of Ukrainians is a reflection of social stratification. Social groups, formed mainly by different identities, evaluate the President's activities through the prism of their own economic situation, ideological identification, ethno-cultural affiliations, ethno-political aspirations and geopolitical orientations. The attitudes of Ukrainians to the head of state are related to electoral cycles, when the most positive assessments of activity are observed in the first year after the election. Using the method of multiple linear regression, it was found that the socio-economic determinant of the financial situation of the family was less tied to the electoral cycles: regardless of the term of office of the President , wealthy citizens evaluate his activities more positively while the poor ones evaluate it more negatively. In the mid-1990s, the attitudes towards the President of Ukraine were also differentiated by a region of residence and a language of communication in the family. However, after 2004 the factor of language communication in the family has reduced its influence on the assessment of the President's actions in favor of the question of the expediency of the Russian language official status. The factor of regional polarization restored its influence during 2003–2013. At the same time, since the end of the 1990s, the factor of geopolitical orientations of citizens has been gaining influence and has become one of the key ones in the following years. The assessment of the activities of Viktor Yushchenko, Viktor Yanukovych and Petro Poroshenko is characterized by clear geopolitical orientations. Instead, the attitudes to the activities of President Volodymyr Zelenskyi in the second year of his term are characterized by a negative attitude of respondents with both left and right ideological views.

Socio-demographic factors of Ukrainians’ attitude to the judiciary

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Reznik ◽  
Oleg Kozlovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

The article analyzes the socio-demographic determinants of Ukrainian citizens’ attitude to the judiciary identified on the basis of a nationwide survey. The sociological specifics of the analysis provided for the verification of the influence of those factors that reflect the consequences of social stratification in a particular society — its socio-economic, political and socio-cultural dimensions. In different countries of the world, the influence of socio-demographic factors on the attitude to the judiciary has been uneven and unequal. In many European countries, the experience of cooperating with the courts leads to a negative attitude towards justice. The attitude to the judiciary is considered through four indicators: 1) trust in the courts; 2) assessment of the chances of winning court case, regardless of the wealth of the citizen; 3) assessment of an independence of judges; 4) assessment of an integrity of judges. Despite social optimism observed in Ukrainian society after the 2019 presidential and parliamentary elections, the study found a low level of trust and negative assessments of Ukrainian justice. Using the method of multiple linear regression, it was found that public opinion about justice is formed regardless of gender, level of education and region of residence. It was found that Ukrainians’ attitude to the judiciary is largely determined by age, settlement type, language of communication at home and experience of participation in the trial. Confidence and positive assessments assessments of the judiciary are mainly manifested as the age and size of the settlement decrease, as well as among Russian speakers and those who have experience of participating in the trial. The influence of the respondents’ financial situation on their assessment of the independence of judges was unexpectedly dependent: as the financial situation of the family decreased, the tendency to consider judges independent increased.

scholarly journals Социальный статус купца в русском языке: номинативные и характеризующие признаки

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ольга [Ol′ga] Е. [E.] Фролова [Frolova]
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Corporate Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Full Body ◽  
National Corpus

The Social Status of a Merchant in the Russian Language: Nominative and Characterising FeaturesThis article describes connotations of a noun which is a denomination of social status. In the Russian language, the lexico-semantic group “social stratification” is directly related to the hierarchy of legally defined social estates. The study analyses interpretations of meanings of the personal noun kupets ‘merchant’ and the adjective kupecheskiĭ ‘merchant’ provided in explanatory dictionaries, and examines the connectivity of the adjective in the Russian National Corpus. The results make it possible to distinguish between the denotative and connotative use of the adjectival phrase ‘merchant’ + noun. In nineteenth-century Russian, the denotative aspect of those attributive word combinations is related to the house and the family, which reflects the features of the corporate structure of merchant enterprise. The connotative group, in turn, is divided into three subgroups: the meta-group, evaluative and visual. The meta-group includes nouns that allow to describe the supra-individual community defined by merchant status: stil′ ‘style’, manera ‘manner’. The evaluative subgroup is associated with wealth, absence of control and lack of taste. The visual subgroup of attributive word combinations describes the image of the male merchant using the nouns boroda ‘beard’ and briukho ‘belly’. Identification of the visual image of the female merchant required a change of the search unit in the Russian National Corpus. The combination adjective + adjective ‘merchant’ + noun zhena ‘wife’, vdova ‘widow’, doch′ ‘daughter’, and also phrases with the noun kupchikha ‘female merchant’ were checked in the Russian National Corpus. In this case, the important characteristics included ‘demonstrative wealth of the costume’ and ‘lack of taste’. The feature ‘full body’ is not gender-relevant and describes both the male and the female merchant. Status społeczny kupca w języku rosyjskim. Cechy nominatywne i charakteryzująceNiniejszy artykuł opisuje konotacje rzeczownika będącego nazwą stanu społecznego. W języku rosyjskim grupa leksykalno-semantyczna „stratyfikacja społeczna” jest bezpośrednio związana z prawnie określoną hierarchią stanów społecznych. Autorka analizuje interpretacje znaczenia rzeczownika osobowego купец ‘kupiec’ i przymiotnika купеческий ‘kupiecki’ w słownikach języka rosyjskiego oraz łączliwość tego przymiotnika w Narodowym Korpusie Języka Rosyjskiego. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają rozróżnić denotatywne i konotatywne użycie wyrażenia przymiotnikowego „kupiecki + rzeczownik”. W dziewiętnastowiecznym języku rosyjskim denotatywny aspekt tych atrybutywnych połączeń wyrazowych wiąże się z domem i rodziną, co odzwierciedla charakterystykę strukturalną przedsiębiorczości kupieckiej. Użycie konotatywne można natomiast sklasyfikować w trzech podkategoriach: meta, oceniającej i wizualnej. Kategoria meta obejmuje rzeczowniki, które charakteryzują ponadindywidualną wspólnotę definiowaną przez status kupiecki: стиль ‘styl’, манера ‘maniera’. Kategoria oceniająca wiąże się z zamożnością, brakiem kontroli i brakiem smaku. Natomiast kategoria wizualna łączy wygląd kupca-mężczyzny z rzeczownikami борода ‘broda’ i брюхо ‘brzuch’. Identyfikacja wyglądu kobiety wymagała zmiany parametrów wyszukiwania w Narodowym Korpusie Języka Rosyjskiego – sprawdzono połączenia przymiotnik + przymiotnik ‘kupiecki’ + rzeczowniki: жена ‘żona’, вдова ‘wdowa’, дочь ‘córka’ oraz frazy zawierające rzeczownik купчиха ‘kupczyni’. W tym przypadku istotne cechy to między innymi ‘demonstracyjnie wystawny ubiór’ i ‘brak smaku’. Cecha ‘pełne ciało’ opisuje zarówno kobietę, jak i mężczyznę stanu kupieckiego.

scholarly journals Sperm Cryopreservation in American Flamingo (Phoenicopterus Ruber): Influence of Cryoprotectants and Seminal Plasma Removal

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
María Gemma Millán de la Blanca ◽  
Eva Martínez-Nevado ◽  
Cristina Castaño ◽  
Juncal García ◽  
Berenice Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Family ◽  
Second Year ◽  
American Flamingo ◽  
Phoenicopterus Ruber

The American flamingo is a useful model for the development of successful semen cryopreservation procedures to be applied to threatened related species from the family Phoenicopteridae, and to permit genetic material banking. Current study sought to develop effective sperm cryopreservation protocols through examining the influences of two permeating cryoprotectants and the seminal plasma removal. During two consecutive years (April), semen samples were collected and frozen from American flamingos. In the first year, the effect of two permeating cryoprotectants, DMA (dimethylacetamide) (6%) or Me2SO (dimethylsulphoxide) (8%), on frozen–thawed sperm variables were compared in 21 males. No differences were seen between DMA and Me2SO for sperm motility, sperm viability, and DNA fragmentation after thawing. In the second year, the role of seminal plasma on sperm cryoresistance was investigated in 31 flamingos. Sperm samples were cryopreserved with and without seminal plasma, using Me2SO (8%) as a cryoprotectant. The results showed that samples with seminal plasma had higher values than samples without seminal plasma for the following sperm variables: Straight line velocity (22.40 µm/s vs. 16.64 µm/s), wobble (75.83% vs. 69.40%), (p < 0.05), linearity (62.73% vs. 52.01%) and straightness (82.38% vs. 73.79%) (p < 0.01); but acrosome integrity was lower (55.56% vs. 66.88%) (p < 0.05). The cryoresistance ratio (CR) was greater in samples frozen with seminal plasma than without seminal plasma for CR-progressive motility (138.72 vs. 54.59), CR-curvilinear velocity (105.98 vs. 89.32), CR-straight line velocity (152.77 vs. 112.58), CR-average path velocity (122.48 vs. 98.12), CR-wobble (111.75 vs. 102.04) (p < 0.05), CR-linearity (139.41 vs. 113.18), and CR-straightness (124.02 vs. 109.97) (p < 0.01). This research demonstrated that there were not differences between Me2SO and DMA to successful freezing sperm of flamingos; seminal plasma removal did not provide a benefit for sperm cryopreservation.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the relationship of emotional intelligence with the results of the state exam during the adaptation of school system to its introduction

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
E.S. Dmitrieva ◽  
V.Ya. Gelman
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
School System ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Self Report ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Research is devoted to the study of the relationship of emotional intelligence of students with the results of the state exam in the adaptation of the school system for 5 years from the date of introduction. The sample consisted of 156 first-year students. Evaluation of the components of emotional intelligence was measured by self-report (EmIn questionnaire). There was a statistically significant correlation between the severity of different indicators of emotional intelligence of students passing the exam and the results of the three school subjects: Russian language, Mathematics, Social studies. It is shown that since the introduction in 2009 of compulsory exam the level of communication between the indicators of emotional intelligence and the results of the examination has changed. Adaptation processes to the introduction of the state exam lead to changes contingent of successful students: If at the time of the introduction of the exam more successful were students with higher EI, in the process of adaptation more successful became those with lower EI. It was shown that the components of EI, having the most important relationships with the results of the exam, are different for the considered subjects; the dynamics of these relationships has been revealed.

scholarly journals Difficulties faced by a foreign student during their first year of study at a Russian university in the Russian language

2020 ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Alla A. Zhukovska
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Foreign Student ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
The Real ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The article deals with the issue of the language adaptation of foreign students who have left the preparatory faculty and begun their studies in Russian in the first year of the main faculty of the Russian University. The main problem is the lack of knowledge of Russian by foreign students to understand and take notes at lectures, to actively participate in seminars. The article identifies and discusses the main difficulties faced by foreigners while studying in Russia and the reasons of their appearance, analyzes the conditions of training of foreign students at the preparatory faculty and the real results of this training, the main of which is the discrepancy between what foreign students know and are capable of and what they need to know and be able to, becoming the first-year students of a Russian University. Most first-year foreign students find it difficult to study at the same level with Russian students, so they need the support and understanding of not only teachers of Russian as a foreign language, but also teachers of other subjects. It is noted that teachers who don’t specialize in teaching Russian as a foreign language can’t and don’t want to adequately assess the level of knowledge of a foreign student and help them if needed. The article proposes a possible solution to this problem.

scholarly journals Eligibility Criteria for the Upper Middle Class

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meilutė Taljūnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Class Model ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Us ◽  
Upper Middle Class

Each country has its own criteria for the upper middle class. On the other hand, it is clear that even the general principles that define the middle class in different countries differ markedly between them. The US and British criteria are often compared. The role of the family as an element of social stratification is important in the British upper middle class model. The article advocates the influence of family stratification on the formation of the upper (and not only) middle class in Lithuania. Not only does the upper middle class have self-employment, its income is above average and it has higher education, it also influences, identifies trends and fundamentally shapes public opinion (an aspect of its ‘social role’). The broad upper middle class is not so much a guarantor of the welfare state but of social stability in the country.

scholarly journals Constipation: A common problem in childhood

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 357-361
Author(s):  
Svetlana Bukarica ◽  
Smiljana Marinkovic ◽  
Slobodan Grebeldinger ◽  
Dusanka Dobanovacki ◽  
Milanka Tatic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Canal ◽  
Bowel Movement ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Year Of Life

Introduction Constipation in children is defined as the infrequent and difficult passage of hard stool, not necessarily associated with infrequent stools. All healthy newborns have their first stool within the first 24 to 48 hours after birth. Intestinal transit time increases with age, therapy decreasing the frequency of stooling. Anatomy and Physiology of Anus and Rectum Acquisition of fecal continence requires: normal internal and external anal sphincters, puborectal muscle as well as intact sensory input from both the rectal vault and anal canal. Etiology and Differential Diagnosis During the first year of life, failure to have bowel movement every other day warrants evaluation. During infancy, constipation is usually due to dietary manipulations, malnutrition or some other functional abnormalities. Anatomic causes are found only in 5% of patients. Diagnosis and Therapy Diagnosis relies on history and physical examination. Digital rectal examination usually reveals a shorter anal canal with decreased sphincter tone. The rectal ampulla is dilated and filled with stool. Anorectal manometry is helpful in differentiating functional constipation from aganglionosis or other neurologic problems. Treatment varies depending on the underlying cause. Bowel retraining, aimed at establishing regular daily bowel movement, is of utmost importance in children. The response to treatment is usually dramatic. Conclusion Constipation in children causes anxiety in the family and successful treatment requires persistent reassurance and repeated reevaluation.

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