scholarly journals β-Sitosterol Compound from Dichloromethane Extracts of Kalanchoe tomentosa (Crassulacea) Leaves and Inhibition of α-amilase Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Lilis Siti Aisyah ◽  
Yenny Febriani Yun ◽  
Firidia Puspita ◽  
Adelia Ilfani
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Methylene Chloride Extract ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Kalanchoe tomentosa is one of the plants of the Crassulaceae tribe that can lower blood sugar and contains compounds of terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, fatty acids, steroids, and triterpenoids. This study aims to isolate and identify chemical compounds from dichloromethane extract of Kalanchoe tomentosa leaves, as well as to test the inhibitory activity of the α-amylase enzyme. Extraction was carried out by maceration using dichloromethane as a solvent, then dichloromethane extract was purified using column chromatography, the pure isolate  was obtained in the form of white powder, and an inhibition test was carried out against the α-amylase enzyme. The thin layer chromatography data of pure isolates compared to pure β-sitosterol are similar. Based on the research data, it can be concluded that the chemical structure of the pure isolate is β-sitosterol, the methylene chloride extract of K. tomentosa leaves has an inhibitory activity against the α-amylase enzyme with an inhibition value of 65%. This value is greater than the positive control of acarbose which only has 37% inhibition and β-sitosterol compound by 6.7%. This value is smaller when compared to the control of acarbose at the same concentration which obtained 5% inhibition.

Chromatographic Profiles of the main Secondary Metabolites in the Monarda fistulosa L. Aerial Part

2021 ◽  
pp. 2179-2184
Author(s):  
Mariia Shanaida ◽  
Izabela Jasicka-Misiak ◽  
Marietta Bialon ◽  
Olha Korablova ◽  
Piotr P. Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Monarda Fistulosa ◽  
Methylene Chloride Extract ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Two different methods of chromatographic analysis have been used in this study for the phytochemical evaluation of main secondary metabolites in the aerial part of bee balm (Monarda fistulosa L.) as the non-officinal medicinal plant of the Lamiaceae Martinov family. The high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting method was developed for the qualitative analyses of phenolic and non-polar compounds in the bee balm herb after its maceration in the solvents of different polarity. Such polyphenols as rosmarinic, caffeic and chlorogenic acids were authentically identified in the methanol extract of herb using HPTLC. Aromatic monoterpenoid thymol was identified by the HPTLC method in the extracts obtained with non-polar solvents (toluene, methylene chloride, and chloroform). 38 volatile compounds were determined in the methylene chloride extract of M. fistulosa herb by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS); it was taken into account only components with the content more than 0.2 %. The GC/MS analysis showed that thymol (23.73 %), followed by carvacrol (10.09 %), p-cymene (9.74 %), and thymoquinone (8.52 %) were the major constituent of methylene chloride extract. Used chromatographic techniques may be recommended for the reliable phytochemical authentication of the M. fistulosa herb.

Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Alachlor (2-Chloro-2′,6′-diethyh-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide) Herbicide Residues in Corn and Soybeans

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-861
Author(s):  
Barbara Dohman Ammann ◽  
Daniel J Call ◽  
Hans A Draayer
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Methylene Chloride Extract ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A method has been developed for the extraction and determination of alachlor (2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide) residues in green corn and soybeans. Residues are extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned up on a Fiorisil column. The methylene chloride extract is sufficiently clean for electron capture gas-liquid chromatographic analysis and for verification by thin layer chromatography. Average recoveries of spiked samples (0.2 ppm) were 69 and 82% for corn and soybeans, respectively. This procedure could be useful for the detection of the parent compound in these crops soon after field application, but it does not detect metabolites.

scholarly journals Identification of low micromolar SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors from hits identified by in silico screens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo G. Rossetti ◽  
Marianna Ossorio ◽  
Samia Barriot ◽  
Laurence Tropia ◽  
Vasilis S. Dionellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Thermal Shift

ABSTRACTMpro, also known as 3CLpro, is the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and, as such, is essential for the viral life cycle. Two studies have each screened and ranked in silico more than one billion chemical compounds in an effort to identify putative inhibitors of Mpro. More than five hundred of the seven thousand top-ranking hits were synthesized by an external supplier and examined with respect to their activity in two biochemical assays: a protease activity assay and a thermal shift assay. Two clusters of chemical compounds with Mpro inhibitory activity were identified. An additional five hundred molecules, analogues of the compounds in the two clusters described above, were also synthesized and characterized in vitro. The study of the analogues revealed that the compounds of the first cluster acted by denaturing Mpro and might denature other proteins as well. In contrast, the compounds of the second cluster targeted Mpro with much greater specificity and enhanced its melting temperature, consistent with the formation of stable Mpro-inhibitor complexes. The most active compounds of the second cluster exhibited IC50 values between 4 and 7 μM and their chemical structure suggests that they could serve as leads for the development of potent Mpro inhibitors.

Triglyceride structure of human milk fat

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 761-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Breckenridge ◽  
L. Marai ◽  
A. Kuksis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Stereospecific Analysis ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Triglyceride Structure ◽  
Human Milk Fat ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The triglycerides of the fat globules of human milk were resolved by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel impregnated with silver nitrate. The chemical structure of the glycerides was determined by gas chromatography of the glycerides and fatty acids and by a stereospecific analysis of total milk fat sample. The major triglycerides of human milk fat contained 48–54 acyl carbons which were made up of C12–C22 acids of various degrees of unsaturation. The fully saturated triglycerides (6–8%) contained mainly sn-glycerol 1-stearate 2-palmitate esterified at position 3 with C14–C18 acids. The monoenoic triglycerides (25–27%) were comprised mainly of sn-glycerol 1-oleate 2-palmitate esterified at position 3 to C12–C18 acids, as well as their racemates. The dienes (24–33%) were made up largely of sn-glycerol 1-stearate 2,3-dioleate and 2-palmitate 1,3-dioleate. The trienes (18–20%) contained mostly sn-glycerol 1,2,3-trioleate and 1-oleate 2-palmitate 3-linoleate. The tetraenes (7–21%) were identified as mainly sn-glycerol 1,2-dioleate 3-linoleate and 1-palmitate 2,3-dilinoleate. Arachidonic acid was found in the polyene fraction (6%) in the 2-position, while the linolenic acid was preferentially associated with position 3 of the tetraenes.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Composition, Acetylcholinesterase and Bacterial Inhibition by Inga cinnamomea Pulp

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herliana Damelys Flores Abreu ◽  
Antonio Alves de Melo Filho ◽  
Pedro Rômulo Estevam Ribeiro ◽  
Bernardo de Morais Linhares ◽  
Maria da Conceição Freitas Campêlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Oil Hydrolysis ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme

Inga cinnamomea, a species from Fabaceae family, posses a convex-cylindrical fruit that has a white, slightly sweet, edible pulp, which is very appreciated in Brazil. The present study seeks to expand the knowledge about this fruit. The vegetable oil of the fruit’s pulp, extracted in a Soxhlet extractor using hexane as solvent, was studied. Fatty acids were determined, after oil hydrolysis and methylation, using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Additionally, the oil was tested to determine its potential as acetylcholinesterase inhibitor using Eserine as positive control. Bactericidal potential of the oil was also determined. Both assays were accomplished using Elisa spectrophotometer. Eight major fatty acids were detected in the following concentrations: linoleic (ω6) (31.7%), palmitic (26.2%), linolenic (ω3) (13.6%), oleic (ω9) (12.5%), stearic (6.5%), palmitoleic (ω7) (2.0%), myristic (0.6%) and arachidic (0.6%) acids. The oil inhibitory activity towards acetylcholinesterase enzyme was 54.81%, being classified as a potent effect. Finally, the oil presented a modest inhibitory activity against the following bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus (24.68%), Citrobacter freundii (20.46%), Listeria monocytogenes (27.26%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.89%).

Determination of Polysorbates in Foods by Colorimetry with Confirmation by Infrared Spectrophotometry, Thin-Layer Chromatography, and Gas Chromatography

1989 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
Haruyasu Kato ◽  
Yuji Nagai ◽  
Katsuhiko Yamamoto ◽  
Yoshio Sakabe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometry ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A method is presented for the detection of polysorbates (PSs) in 8 kinds of processed foods by colorimetric and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) techniques. The PSs are extracted from processed foods with a mixture of methylene chloride and ethanol by using an Extrelut column. The extract is further purified by using a silica gel column. The PS extract is complexed with cobalt-thiocyanate (Cothiocyanate) reagent and is determined spectrophotometrically at 620 nm. The recoveries and coefficients of variation for 8 kinds of processed foods fortified with 0.1% PS 80 were 67.9-94.6% and 4.0- 11.3%, respectively. The detection limit of TLC corresponded to 50 mg PS 80/kg. PS identity was confirmed by infrared spectrophotometry of PS extract, and gas chromatography of fatty acids and thin layer chromatography of POE-sorbitan residues after saponification.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening, antiobesity, antidiabetic and antimicrobial assessments of Orobanche aegyptiaca from Palestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidal Jaradat ◽  
Mohammad Qadi ◽  
Iyad Ali ◽  
Fatima Hussein ◽  
Linda Issa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
Orobanche Aegyptiaca ◽  
Care Problems ◽  
Mic Value

Abstract Background Microbial resistance, diabetes mellitus, and obesity are global health care problems that have posed a serious threat to both human and environmental ecosystems. The goals of the present investigations are to investigate the phytoconstituents, antilipase, anti-α-amylase, and antimicrobial activity of Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers. (OA) from Palestine. Methods Identification of the phytoconstituents of OA plant petroleum ether, methylene chloride, chloroform, acetone, and methanol extracts were conducted using pharmacopeia’s methods, while porcine pancreatic lipase and α–amylase inhibitory activities were examined using p-nitrophenyl butyrate and 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid methods, respectively. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity was evaluated utilizing broth microdilution assay against eight bacterial and fungal strains. Results The phytochemical screening results showed that the methanol extract of the OA plant is rich in phytochemical components, also this extract has powerful antilipase potential with an IC50 value of 19.49 ± 0.16 μg/ml comparing with the positive control (Orlistat) which has antilipase activity with IC50 value of 12.3 ± 0.35 μg/ml. Moreover, the methanol and chloroform extracts have powerful α-amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 28.18 ± 0.22 and 28.18 ± 1.22 μg/ml, respectively comparing with Acarbose which has α-amylase inhibitory activity with IC50 dose of 26.3.18 ± 0.28 μg/ml. The antibacterial results showed that the methylene chloride extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity among the other OA plant extracts with a MIC value of 0.78 mg/ml against S. aureus, while, the methylene chloride, petroleum ether, and chloroform extracts of the OA plant showed potential antifungal activity against C. albicans strains with MIC value of 0.78 mg/ml. Conclusion The OA methanol and chloroform extracts could be excellent candidates as antilipase and anti-α-amylase bioactive materials. In addition, methylene chloride, petroleum ether, and chloroform extracts could be potential natural antimicrobial products.

scholarly journals Isolation of β-sitosterol from n-hexane Extracts of Mimba Leaves(Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and α-Glucosidase Enzyme Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Ivan Santoso ◽  
Partomuan Simanjuntak ◽  
Rahmaniar Rahmaniar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Pure Compound ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Mimba, Azadirachta indica is one of the family Meliaceae plants, which be used to lower blood sugar and contain terpenoids, fl avonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, fatty acids, steroids and triterpenoids. The aim of this research is to isolate and identify one of chemical structure and to know the inhibition α-glucosidase enzyme from extract of leaves Mimba, Azadirachta indica. Extraction is done by maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, water and then treatment for antidiabetic activity using the inhibition of the enzyme α-glucosidase. Purifi cation of n-hexane extract (the higher activity) is subjected by column chromatography (SiO2; (i).n-hexane-ethyl acetate = 10 : 1 ~ 1 : 1, ethyl acetate, (ii). n-hexane-ethyl acetate = 5 : 1) gave one pure compound as white powder. Identifi cation by interpretation of spectra [UV, IR and NMR (1H, 13C-NMR and DEPT)] the isolate compound is β-sitosterol has inhibion α-glucosidation enzyme as (IC50 208,1 μg/mL).

Inhibitory effects of bioaccessible anthocyanins and procyanidins from apple, red grape, cinnamon on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pınar Ercan ◽  
Sedef Nehir El
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Red Grape

Abstract. The goals of this study were to determine and evaluate the bioaccessibility of total anthocyanin and procyanidin in apple (Amasya, Malus communis), red grape (Papazkarası, Vitis vinifera) and cinnamon (Cassia, Cinnamomum) using an in vitro static digestion system based on human gastrointestinal physiologically relevant conditions. Also, in vitro inhibitory effects of these foods on lipid (lipase) and carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) were performed with before and after digested samples using acarbose and methylumbelliferyl oleate (4MUO) as the positive control. While the highest total anthocyanin content was found in red grape (164 ± 2.51 mg/100 g), the highest procyanidin content was found in cinnamon (6432 ± 177.31 mg/100 g) (p < 0.05). The anthocyanin bioaccessibilities were found as 10.2 ± 1%, 8.23 ± 0.64%, and 8.73 ± 0.70% in apple, red grape, and cinnamon, respectively. The procyanidin bioaccessibilities of apple, red grape, and cinnamon were found as 17.57 ± 0.71%, 14.08 ± 0.74% and 18.75 ± 1.49%, respectively. The analyzed apple, red grape and cinnamon showed the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 544 ± 21.94, 445 ± 15.67, 1592 ± 17.58 μg/mL, respectively), α-amylase (IC50 38.4 ± 7.26, 56.1 ± 3.60, 3.54 ± 0.86 μg/mL, respectively), and lipase (IC50 52.7 ± 2.05, 581 ± 54.14, 49.6 ± 2.72 μg/mL), respectively. According to our results apple, red grape and cinnamon have potential to inhibit of lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase digestive enzymes.

Inhibition of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B by Lutein Derivatives isolated from Mexican Oregano (Lippia graveolens)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
R.M. Perez-Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B ◽  
Protein Tyrosine ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values

Methanol extract from Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano) was studied in order to identify inhibitory bioactives for protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Known flavone as lutein (1), and another flavone glycoside such as lutein-7-o-glucoside (2), 6-hydroxy-lutein-7-ohexoside (3) and lutein-7-o-ramnoide (4) were isolated from methanol extract of aerial parts of the Lippia graveolens. All isolates were identified based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis, including UV, IR, NMR, MS and compared with spectroscopic data previously reported. These flavones were evaluated for PTP1B inhibitory activity. Among them, compounds 1 and 3 displayed potential inhibitory activity against PTP1B with IC50 values of 7.01 ± 1.25 μg/ml and 18.4 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, compound 2 and 4 showed moderate inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 23.8 ± 6.21 and 67.8 ± 5.80 μg/ml respectively. Among the four compounds, luteolin was found to be the most potent PTP1B inhibitor compared to the positive control ursolic acid, with an IC50 value of 8.12 ± 1.06 μg/ml. These results indicate that flavonoids constituents contained in Lippia graveolens can be considered as a natural source for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

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