scholarly journals Isolation of β-sitosterol from n-hexane Extracts of Mimba Leaves(Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and α-Glucosidase Enzyme Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Ivan Santoso ◽  
Partomuan Simanjuntak ◽  
Rahmaniar Rahmaniar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Pure Compound ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Mimba, Azadirachta indica is one of the family Meliaceae plants, which be used to lower blood sugar and contain terpenoids, fl avonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, fatty acids, steroids and triterpenoids. The aim of this research is to isolate and identify one of chemical structure and to know the inhibition α-glucosidase enzyme from extract of leaves Mimba, Azadirachta indica. Extraction is done by maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, water and then treatment for antidiabetic activity using the inhibition of the enzyme α-glucosidase. Purifi cation of n-hexane extract (the higher activity) is subjected by column chromatography (SiO2; (i).n-hexane-ethyl acetate = 10 : 1 ~ 1 : 1, ethyl acetate, (ii). n-hexane-ethyl acetate = 5 : 1) gave one pure compound as white powder. Identifi cation by interpretation of spectra [UV, IR and NMR (1H, 13C-NMR and DEPT)] the isolate compound is β-sitosterol has inhibion α-glucosidation enzyme as (IC50 208,1 μg/mL).

scholarly journals β-Sitosterol Compound from Dichloromethane Extracts of Kalanchoe tomentosa (Crassulacea) Leaves and Inhibition of α-amilase Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Lilis Siti Aisyah ◽  
Yenny Febriani Yun ◽  
Firidia Puspita ◽  
Adelia Ilfani
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Methylene Chloride Extract ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Kalanchoe tomentosa is one of the plants of the Crassulaceae tribe that can lower blood sugar and contains compounds of terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, fatty acids, steroids, and triterpenoids. This study aims to isolate and identify chemical compounds from dichloromethane extract of Kalanchoe tomentosa leaves, as well as to test the inhibitory activity of the α-amylase enzyme. Extraction was carried out by maceration using dichloromethane as a solvent, then dichloromethane extract was purified using column chromatography, the pure isolate  was obtained in the form of white powder, and an inhibition test was carried out against the α-amylase enzyme. The thin layer chromatography data of pure isolates compared to pure β-sitosterol are similar. Based on the research data, it can be concluded that the chemical structure of the pure isolate is β-sitosterol, the methylene chloride extract of K. tomentosa leaves has an inhibitory activity against the α-amylase enzyme with an inhibition value of 65%. This value is greater than the positive control of acarbose which only has 37% inhibition and β-sitosterol compound by 6.7%. This value is smaller when compared to the control of acarbose at the same concentration which obtained 5% inhibition.

scholarly journals The Antidiabetic and Anti-microbial Activity Analyses in The Extract of Methanol, Ethyl Acetate, and Hexane from Flesh of Matoa (Pometia pinnata J. R. Forst. & G. Forst)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Henny Rochaeni ◽  
Candra Irawan ◽  
Hanafi Hanafi ◽  
Poppy Sri Lestari ◽  
Lilis Sulistiawaty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Power ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The current research was designed to examine the antidiabetic and anti-microbial activities in the extracts of methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane from Flesh of Matoa (Pometia pinnata J. R. Forst. & G. Forst) to find out the best solvent to produce antidiabetic and anti-microbial active compounds.  In the phytochemical screening, hexane extracted alkaloids and terpenoids, while ethyl acetate extracted saponin and methanol extracted tannin, phenol and terpenoids. In the antidiabetic activity by a-glucosidase inhibition methods, ethyl acetate showed the highest percentage of inhibition and the smallest value of IC50, followed by hexane and methanol compared to the Quercetin as the control group. The maximum percentage inhibition was 36.74 ± 0.07 for 100 µg/mL of concentration. The minimum value of IC50 was observed at 159.74 ± 0.65 µg/ml compared to the control group 6.04 ± 0.14 µg/ml. The smaller the IC50 value, the stronger the antidiabetic activity. Anti-microbial inhibition activities assessed using anti-microbial diffusion test method. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts provide an inhibition of fungi and bacteria compared to Ketoconazole and Amoxicillin as the standard. The maximum fungi inhibition zone was observed at 4 mm for A. flavus and 9 mm for A. niger by Hexane extracts compared to the standard 14 and 24 mm. The maximum bacteria inhibition zone was observed at 7 mm for B. cereus by both of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts compared to the standard 5 mm. Compared to the anti-microbe inhibitory power categories, hexane and ethyl acetate was on the range of weak and moderate. The methanol extract could not inhibit all types of microbe. This study concluded that various extract of flesh of Matoa showed antidiabetic and anti-microbial activities at different value with varying potencies. The ethyl acetate extract was found to be more potent among all, followed by hexane and methanol. HIGHLIGHTS Phytochemical screening of Flesh of Matoa (Pometia pinnata R. Forst. & G. Forst) produced alkaloids, terpenoids, saponin, tannin, phenol and terpenoids In the antidiabetic activity by a-glucosidase inhibition methods, ethyl acetate showed the highest percentage of inhibition and the smallest value of IC50, followed by hexane and methanol The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts provide an inhibition of fungi and bacteria compared to Ketoconazole and Amoxicillin as the standard GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

scholarly journals BIOACTIVITIES OF THE ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF RHODOCOCCUS QINGSHENGII STRAIN BJC15-A38 AN ENDOPHYTE OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Saini ◽  
Madhurama Gangwar ◽  
Amrinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Objective: This study evaluated the antidiabetic activities of the ethyl acetate-methanol (4:1) extract (EA) of Rhodococcus qingshengii strain BJC15-A38 supernatant.Methods: In vitro alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory assays, were used to determine the antidiabetic activity of EA (100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 μg/ml). Also, the total phenol content of the extract was determined, followed by understanding the mode of α-amylase inhibition.Results: The crude extract from Azadirachta indica A. Juss. endophytic actinomycete Rhodococcus qingshengii strain BJC15-A38 was found to have significant inhibition against α-amylase (IC50 = 65.93 µg/ml) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 929.56 µg/ml). The total phenol content of the crude was found to be 97.25±6.47 and 15.40±0.43 mg/g of the extract in terms of catechol and gallic acid equivalents respectively. Purification of the extract was carried out using silica gel column chromatography. Kinetic analysis revealed the mixed competitive with mixed competitive of inhibition towards α-amylase.Conclusion: The findings suggest that the extract of Rhodococcus qingshengii strain BJC15-A38 possesses antidiabetic effects.

Analysis of Chemical Composition by GC-MS and in-vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Azadirachta indica Leaves Collected from Erbil, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javed Ahamad ◽  
Subasini Uthirapathy ◽  
Esra T. Anwer ◽  
Muath Sh. Mohammed Ameen ◽  
Faiq H.S. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Ic50 Values

Background: Azadirachta indica (Neem) is an important medicinal plant that is traditionally known for its insecticidal, and antimicrobial properties. Objective: The objective of present study was to evaluate the in-vitro antidiabetic activity and characterize the chemical constituents of Neem extract. Materials and Methods: The chemical constituents in ethyl acetate extract of the Neem leaves was determined by GC-MS and the in-vitro antidiabetic activity of Neem extract was evaluated via inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Results: The ethyl acetate extract of Neem yielded 49 chemical compounds and these constituents amounting to 97.07% of total Neem leaf extract composition. The major chemical components of the Neem were octadecanoic acid (7.17%), propyl tetracosyl ether (5.35%), 1-decanol, 2-octyl (5.01%), hexadecane (4.70%), tricosane (4.73%), octadecane, 1-chloro (4.65%), and linolenic acid (4.35%). The Neem extract produces dose dependent-inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes ranging from 21.67±2.81 to 75.82±3.44% and 17.04±4.43 to 58.44±1.21% for concentration 31.25 to 1000 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values for Neem extract and acarbose were 165.53±2.75 and 91.04±2.16 µg/mL, respectively against the α-amylase enzyme. The IC50 values for Neem extract and acarbose were 210.08±2.16 and 120.05±2.16 µg/mL, respectively against the α-glucosidase enzyme. Conclusion: The study findings suggested that Neem may be used as drug candidate in the management of post prandial hyperglycemia.

scholarly journals Kuersetin dari Daun Erythrina poeppigiana (leguminosae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tati Herlina ◽  
Unang Supratman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Pure Compound ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Erythrina Poeppigiana ◽  
Extraction Fraction ◽  
Column Chromatographic

Erythrina plants known plants “dadap” is a higher plant that grows in tropical and subtropical regions. E. poeppigiana plants was a source of secondary metabolites, which contain flavonoids. This study aims to isolate the flavonoid compounds from the leaves of  E. poeppigiana through the stages of extraction, fraction, separation and purification. E. poeppigiana leaves powder (2.5 kg) was extracted with methanol and partitioned with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Furthermore, the separation of ethyl acetate of E. poeppigiana leaves fraction using a combination of column chromatographic was obtained pure compound (5 mg) in the form of a yellow amorphous  solid. The chemical structure of pure compound was based on the data spectroscopy (MS, UV, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and identified as the compound 3,3 ‘, 4’, 5,7-pentahidroksiflavon or known as quercetin.

Phytochemical Investigation and Antimutagenic Potential of Ethanolic Extracts of Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellirica

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venugopal Singamaneni ◽  
Sudheer Kumar Dokuparthi ◽  
Nilanjana Banerjee ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Tulika Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Emblica Officinalis ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Terminalia Bellerica ◽  
The Family

Background: Emblica officinalis Gaertn. which belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae, Terminalia chebula Retz. and Terminalia bellerica Roxb. belong to the family Combretaceae. These are well known medicinal plants with phytochemical reservoir of great medicinal values and possess a vast ethnomedical history. Objective: The aim of the present study is to isolation of major compounds and to evaluate antimutagenic potential of the ethanol extracts of these plants. Methods: The dried fruits of E. officinalis, T. bellirica and T. chebula were powdered and extracted with 95% ethanol. The ethyl acetate portions were chromatographed over silica gel to isolate major compounds. Antimutagenic activity was determined by Ames test using TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Results: Two major known compounds, gallic acid and ellagic acid were isolated from the dried fruits of Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula and T. bellirica. All the three extracts counteracted the mutagenicity induced by different genotoxic compounds in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: This study showed that ethyl acetate portion of three extracts contain two major compounds, gallic acid and ellagic acid which might be responsible for potent antimutagenic activity of these extracts.

scholarly journals Methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of Tragia involucrata L. leaves exhibit anxiolytic, sedative and analgesic activity in Swiss albino mice

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e05814
Author(s):  
Md. Shofiqul Islam ◽  
Samiron Sana ◽  
Md. Ehsanul Haque ◽  
S.M. Mushiur Rahman ◽  
Abdus Samad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Albino Mice

Assessment of Cota altissima (L.) J. Gay for phytochemical composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Göger ◽  
Muhammed Allak ◽  
Ali Şen ◽  
Fatih Göger ◽  
Mehmet Tekin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Dicaffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

Abstract Phytochemical profiles of essential oil (EO), fatty acids, and n-hexane (CAH), diethyl ether (CAD), ethyl acetate (CAE) and methanol extracts (CAM) of Cota altissima L. J. Gay (syn. Anthemis altissima L.) were investigated as well as their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activites. The essential oil was characterized by the content of acetophenone (35.8%) and β-caryophyllene (10.3%) by GC-MS/FID. Linoleic and oleic acid were found as main fatty acids. The major constituents of the extracts were found to be 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, isorhamnetin glucoside, quercetin and quercetin glucoside by LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by scavenging of DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Also, the inhibitory effects on lipoxygenase and α-glucosidase enzymes were determined. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and yeast pathogens. CAM showed the highest antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC50 values of 126.60 and 144.40 μg/mL, respectively. In the anti-inflammatory activity, CAE demonstrated the highest antilipoxygenase activity with an IC50 value of 105.40 μg/mL, whereas, CAD showed the best inhibition of α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 396.40 μg/mL in the antidiabetic activity. CAH was effective against Staphylococcus aureus at MIC = 312.5 µg/mL. This is the first report on antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of different extracts of C. altissima.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activities and Fatty Acid Components of Flower, Leaf, Stem and Seed of Hypericum scabrum

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Shafaghat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Hypericum Scabrum ◽  
Different Parts

The hexane extracts of flower, leaf, stem, and seed of Hypericum scabrum, which were collected from northwestern Iran, were obtained by extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus. The fatty acids were converted to methyl esters and determined by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) systems. The hexane extract from the flower, leaf, stem, and seed contained 39.1%, 43.2%, 29.0%, and 37.6% of omega-3 fatty acids, respectively. The other main components of the flower extract were tetracosane (12.2%) and palmitic acid (9.3%), and that of the leaf extract was palmitic acid (7.4%). The stem and seed extracts contained bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (18.7% and 35.7%), nonacosane (11.7% and 3.9%) and linoleic acid (6.5% and 6.9%) as major components. The hexane extracts of different parts from H. scabrum represent an important source of omega-3 fatty acids in several Hypericum species. The antioxidant activity of all hexane extracts was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. The results indicate that hexane extracts from different parts of H. scabrum possess considerable antioxidant activity. The highest radical scavenging activity was detected in seed, which had an IC50 = 165 μg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts of those samples were determined against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ( Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae), as well as three fungi ( Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus niger). The bioassay showed that the oil exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity. This study reveals that the all parts of this plant are attractive sources of fatty acid components, especially the essential ones, as well as of effective natural antioxidants.

Zur Chemotaxonomie der Corviden, II. Die Bürzelsekrete von Eichelhäher (Garrulus glandariusJ, Elster (Pica pica), Alpendohle (Pyrrhocorax graculus) und Kolkrabe ( Corvus corax) / Chemotaxonomy of Corvidae, II. The Uropygial Gland Secretion from the Jay (Garrulus glandarius), Magpie (Pica pica), Alpine Chough (Pyrrhocorax graculus), and Raven (Corvus corax)

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Poltz ◽  
Jürgen Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Uropygial Gland ◽  
Pica Pica ◽  
Corvus Corax ◽  
Garrulus Glandarius ◽  
The Family ◽  
Uropygial Gland Secretion ◽  
Branched Alcohols

The uropygial gland fats from four species of the family Corvidae are found to be mainly mono­ ester waxes, which consist of mono-, di-, and trimethyl substituted fatty acids and n- and methyl-branched alcohols. The positions of all methyl brandlings are even-numbered, the 2-position is preferred. About 2 - 40% of the secretions consist of triester waxes: Alkyl-hydroxy-malonic acids esterified with n-fatty acids and n-alcohols. Waxes of this type are very common in the uropygial gland fats of birds and therefore, in opposite to the monoester waxes, they are not usable for a chemotaxo­ nomy of birds.

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