scholarly journals PENGARUH PUPUK MAJEMUK TABLET TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN LILIT BATANG DAN HARA DAUN TANAMAN KARET

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Priyo Adi Nugroho ◽  
Yan Riska Venata Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Potassium Uptake ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Size Increment

AbstrakHarga karet alam dunia yang volatil saat ini telah menyebabkan munculnya inovasi dalam pemupukan tanaman karet diantaranya penggunaan pupuk majemuk tablet. Percobaan pemupukan telah dilakukan pada TBM karet umur 3 tahun yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk majemuk tablet terhadap pertumbuhan lilit batang dan kandungan hara daun. Terdapat tiga perlakuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu, (A) pupuk majemuk briket (500 g/pohon/tahun) sebagai kontrol, (B) pupuk majemuk tablet (200 g/pohon/tahun) atau setara dengan 40% kontrol, dan (C) pupuk majemuk tablet (300 g/pohon/tahun) atau setara dengan 60% kontrol. Formulasi pupuk majemuk yang digunakan adalah 18–1014–2+1TE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyerapan hara N dan K pada perlakuan A lebih cepat yang direfleksikan melalui hara daun A yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan B dan C. Walaupun hara daun N dan K pada perlakuan A relatif lebih tinggi, tetapi penambahan lilit batang terbesar terdapat pada perlakuan C kemudian A dan B, yaitu 7,52 cm; 7,23 cm; dan 6,99 cm (P = 0,23). Tidak ditemukan korelasi yang kuat antara penambahan ukuran lilit batang dengan kandungan hara daun (P = 0,66) tetapi terdapat korelasi positif yang cukup kuat (r = 0,64; P = 0,025) antara penambahan ukuran lilit batang dengan curah hujan.Abstract The world’s natural rubber price that is volatile has led to the innovation in rubber trees fertilization by using tablet fertilizer. The study of fertilization was conducted in an immature rubber tree 3 years planted (TBM 3) to find out the responses of fertilization in rubber girth and leaf nutrient content. Three treatments were established viz. (A) briquette fertilizer 500 g/tree/year as control, (B) tablet fertilizer 200 g/tree/year equivalent to 40% of control, (C) tablet fertilizer 300 g/tree/year equivalent to 60% of control. The formula of briquette and tablet was identic (18–10–14–2+1TE).  The results show that nitrogen and potassium uptake in treatment briquette fertilizer 500 g/tree/year (A) was faster, it was reflected through leaf nutrient content that was higher than B and C. Even though the contents of N and K in rubber leaf in A was relatively higher however the highest girth increment occurred in C then A and B, i.e. 7.52 cm; 7.23 cm; and 6.99 cm respectively. No strong correlation between girth size increment and nutrient leaf status in this study (P = 0.66). However a moderately strong correlation (r = 0.64; P = 0.025) appeared between girth size increment and monthly precipitation.

scholarly journals Nutrient cycling in a RRIM 600 clone rubber plantation

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Roberto Murbach ◽  
Antonio Enedi Boaretto ◽  
Takashi Muraoka ◽  
Euclides Caxambu Alexandrino de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Nutrient Retranslocation ◽  
One Year ◽  
K Fertilization

Few reports have been presented on nutrient cycling in rubber tree plantations (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). This experiment was carried out to evaluate: the effect of K rates on the amount of nutrients transfered to the soil in a 13-year old Hevea brasilensis RRIM 600 clone plantation, nutrient retranslocation from the leaves before falling to the soil, and nutrient loss by dry rubber export. The experiment started in 1998 and potassium was applied at the rates of 0, 40, 80 and 160 kg ha-1 of K2O under the crowns of 40 rubber trees of each plot. Literfall collectors, five per plot, were randomly distributed within the plots under the trees. The accumulated literfall was collected monthly during one year. The coagulated rubber latex from each plot was weighed, and samples were analyzed for nutrient content. Increasing K fertilization rates also increased the K content in leaf literfall. Calcium and N were the most recycled leaf nutrients to the soil via litterfall. Potassium, followed by P were the nutrients with the highest retranslocation rates. Potassium was the most exported nutrient by the harvested rubber, and this amount was higher than that transfered to the soil by the leaf literfall.

scholarly journals Research and Application of Rubber Tree Quantitative Fertilization System Control Based on PLC

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Yeqin Wang ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Yiguo Deng ◽  
Lijiao Wei ◽  
Shengli Liu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Control Process ◽  
System Control ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Fertilization System ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, the quantitative control method and system control process of the natural rubber forest quantitative fertilization system are introduced on the basis of the demand for the quantitative fertilization of natural rubber forest and the application process of the rubber forest fertilizing machine. The selection of PLC, frequency converter type selection and software design process are described in detail.

Characterization of Lidocaine Transdermal Patches from Natural Rubber Latex

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prapaporn Boonme ◽  
Hasleena Boontawee ◽  
Wirach Taweepreda ◽  
Wiwat Pichayakorn
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Transdermal Patches ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Main Component

The mucous liquid of Hevea brasiliensis or Para rubber tree, called natural rubber latex (NRL), composes of cis-1,4-polyisoprene which can form a patch under suitable formulation. In this study, blank and 5% lidocaine-loaded NRL patches were formulated and then characterized for physicochemical properties as well as evaluated in vitro drug release and stability. The patches were observed for their appearances. Surface morphology of the patches was investigated using a SEM. XRD was employed to study the crystallinity of the drug, the patch, and the drug-loaded patch. The extractions of lidocaine-loaded patches were analyzed for drug contents by HPLC. In vitro drug release study was performed using modified Franz diffusion cells. The patches at initial preparation and after kept at 4, 25, and 45 °C for 3 months were investigated for the stability determination. The results suggested that NRL could be used as a main component in pharmaceutical transdermal patches with acceptable physicochemical properties. Lidocaine-loaded NRL patches provided desirable drug release but high storage temperatures could age the patches resulting in darken color and lower release amount.

scholarly journals Production of natural rubber from Para rubber tree

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Tree

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of Pará rubber tree (H. brasiliensis) seedlings under ethylene stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimi Nakano ◽  
Nobutaka Mitsuda ◽  
Kohei Ide ◽  
Teppei Mori ◽  
Farida Rosana Mira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
Ethephon Treatment

Abstract Background Natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyioprene, NR) is an indispensable industrial raw material obtained from the Pará rubber tree (H. brasiliensis). Natural rubber cannot be replaced by synthetic rubber compounds because of the superior resilience, elasticity, abrasion resistance, efficient heat dispersion, and impact resistance of NR. In NR production, latex is harvested by periodical tapping of the trunk bark. Ethylene enhances and prolongs latex flow and latex regeneration. Ethephon, which is an ethylene-releasing compound, applied to the trunk before tapping usually results in a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in latex yield. However, intense mechanical damage to bark tissues by excessive tapping and/or over-stimulation with ethephon induces severe oxidative stress in laticifer cells, which often causes tapping panel dryness (TPD) syndrome. To enhance NR production without causing TPD, an improved understanding of the molecular mechanism of the ethylene response in the Pará rubber tree is required. Therefore, we investigated gene expression in response to ethephon treatment using Pará rubber tree seedlings as a model system. Results After ethephon treatment, 3270 genes showed significant differences in expression compared with the mock treatment. Genes associated with carotenoids, flavonoids, and abscisic acid biosynthesis were significantly upregulated by ethephon treatment, which might contribute to an increase in latex flow. Genes associated with secondary cell wall formation were downregulated, which might be because of the reduced sugar supply. Given that sucrose is an important molecule for NR production, a trade-off may arise between NR production and cell wall formation for plant growth and for wound healing at the tapping panel. Conclusions Dynamic changes in gene expression occur specifically in response to ethephon treatment. Certain genes identified may potentially contribute to latex production or TPD suppression. These data provide valuable information to understand the mechanism of ethylene stimulation, and will contribute to improved management practices and/or molecular breeding to attain higher yields of latex from Pará rubber trees.

scholarly journals Preparation of composites from natural rubber and oil palm empty fruit bunch cellulose: Effect of cellulose morphology on properties

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 3168-3181 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Fiorote ◽  
Alair Pereira Freire ◽  
Dasciana de Sousa Rodrigues ◽  
Maria Alice Martins ◽  
Larissa Andreani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Nanostructured Particles ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Cellulose Composites

Rubber tree and oil palm are industrial crops cultivated in the same climate and environment. These plants are used to prepare nanocomposites of natural rubber and cellulose from empty fruit bunches, an abundant residue in the palm oil industry. For this study, the cellulose particles were extracted from the bunches and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis or microfibrillation to produce nanostructured particles. The nanoparticles were blended with natural rubber latex in an aqueous medium, and the mixture was dried. The properties of the nanocomposites were compared to those of pure natural rubber and unprocessed cellulose composites. The mechanical properties of the natural rubber can be modified by the cellulose content and morphology. As a consequence, it is possible to modulate the material properties by changing only the filler morphology. The use of microfibrillated cellulose had stronger reinforcement effects. The thermal properties of natural rubber were not affected by the addition of cellulose.

scholarly journals A Candidate Secreted Effector Protein of Rubber Tree Powdery Mildew Fungus Contributes to Infection by Regulating Plant ABA Biosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Yuhan Liu ◽  
Qiguang He ◽  
Sipeng Li ◽  
Wenbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungus ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Powdery mildew infects a wide range of crops and economic plants, causing substantial losses. Rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) are the primary source of natural rubber, and powdery mildew infection causes significant losses to natural rubber yields. How the causal agent, Erysiphe quercicola, establishes successful infection in rubber trees is largely unknown. Previously, 133 candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) were identified in powdery mildew fungus. In this study, we characterize a CSEP named EqCSEP01276 for its function in suppressing host plant defense responses. We show that EqCSEP01276 is a secreted protein and is able to disturb the localization of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 5 (HbNCED5), a key enzyme in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis in plant cell chloroplasts of H. brasiliensis. We also show that this effector inhibits ABA biosynthesis, and that in H. brasiliensis ABA is a positive regulator of the plant immune response against powdery mildew. Our study reveals a strategy by which powdery mildew fungus manipulates plant ABA-mediated defense for a successful infection.

Eight cycles of half-sib family recurrent selection to improve rubber yield in russian dandelion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wolyn ◽  
Gregory Innes
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Selection For

Russian dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz) produces natural rubber which can complement the world’s supply of this strategic commodity, derived mainly from the Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Four cycles of half-sib family recurrent selection conducted previously in russian dandelion improved rubber yield nearly 50%. The objectives of this research were to continue selection for four additional cycles and evaluate progress from eight generations of breeding, and assess the potential for future gains. Rubber yield increased from 0.205 to 0.378 g/plant from Cycle 0 (C0) to C8, representing an 84% improvement, or 10% per cycle. Increases from C0 to C4 were similar to those from C4 to C8. Root dry weight did not increase from selection and improved yield only resulted from enhancing rubber percentage which changed from 4.35 to 7.62%. Selection response has not plateaued and phenotypic variation has not decreased, indicating continued gains can occur with additional breeding.

scholarly journals Assessing the correlation between climate signals and monthly mean and extreme precipitation and discharge of Golestan Dam Watershed

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Golian ◽  
Hossein Ruigar
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Maximum Correlation ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Monthly Total Precipitation ◽  
Climate Signals

<p>Climate teleconnection signals are one of the main factors influencing the earth's climate oscillations in global and regional scales. In the present research, the effect of these signals on precipitation and discharge of Madarsoo Watershed at the upstream of Golestan Dam was investigated. For this purpose, three raingauges and hydrometric stations with respectively 40 and 38 years of daily rainfall and discharge data were selected. Pearson-correlation coefficient was used to consider the correlation between climate signals and monthly mean and extreme precipitation and discharge. The results showed strong correlation between monthly total precipitation of Tangrah and Tamer with Sea Level Pressure (SLP) of Caspian Sea with 7 and 9 months of lag, respectively, and Galikesh with Sea Surface Temperature (SST) of Caspian Sea with 9 months of lag. For monthly mean discharge of Tangrah and Galikesh, the maximum correlation was calculated for SLP of Caspian Sea with a lag of 9 months and Tamer with SST of Greenland with a lag of 7 months. For the extreme monthly data, very strong correlation was detected between the precipitations of all raingauges in June with Greenland SST with 8 months of lag. In contrast, for maximum monthly discharge of Tangrah and Galikesh hydrometric stations, the maximum correlation coefficients were calculated for SST of Black Sea with 4 months of lag in August and for Tamer with SLP of Caspian Sea with 4 months of lag in August. With regard to the results, the utilization of these signals, especially SLP and SST, is strongly suggested to predict the maximum and mean monthly precipitation and discharge over this region.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p>Las señales de teleconexión atmosférica son uno de los factores principales que influencian las oscilaciones climáticas de la tierra a escala global y regional. En el presente estudio se investigan los efectos de estas señales en la precipitación y caudal de la cuenca hidrográfica Madarsoo, río arriba de la presa Golestan. Con este propósito se seleccionaron tres estaciones pluviométricas e hidrométricas con registros diarios de lluvia y caudal durante unas cuatro décadas. Se utilizó el coeficiente Pearson para considerar la correlación entre las señales climáticas y los índices medio y extremo mensual de precipitación y caudal. Los resultados muestran una fuerte correlación entre la precipitación total mensual de las estaciones Tangrah y Tamer con la Presión Barométrica a Nivel del Mar (SLP, inglés) en el mar Caspio, en un período de siete y nueve meses, respectivamente, y de la estación Galikesh con la Temperatura a Nivel del Mar (SST, inglés) en el Caspio durante nueve meses. Para la media mensual del caudal en Tangrah y Galikesh, la correlación máxima se calculó a través de la SLP del mar Caspio con un período de nueve meses, y la de Tamer con la SST del mar de Groenlandia en un lapso de siete meses. Para el índice extreme mensual se detectó una fuerte correlación entre las precipitaciones medidas en todos los pluviómetros en junio con la SST de Groenlandia en un período de ocho meses. En contraste, para el índice máximo mensual de caudal en las estaciones hidrométricas Tangrah y Galikesh se calcularon los coeficientes de correlación máxima para la SST del mar Negro en un lapso de cuatro meses en agosto y para la estación Tamer con la SLP del mar Caspio durante cuatro meses, también en Agosto. Con respecto a los resultados, se recomienda la utilización de estas señales, especialmente la SLP y la SST, para predecir los índices de precipitación y caudal medio y máximo en esta región.

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