scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Gastrointestinal Shedding in Hospitalized Children

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy Tam ◽  
Courtney McNamara ◽  
Julie Dunbar ◽  
Katherine O’Connor ◽  
Gonzalo Manzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pcr Test

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a respiratory virus that can cause gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, with studies demonstrating detection of stool viral RNA weeks after respiratory tract clearance. It is unknown if children who test negative for SARS-CoV-2 on a nasopharyngeal (NP) swab may be shedding the virus in their stool. OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 stool shedding in children with positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 NP polymerase chain reactions (PCR) tests, and to determine clinical factors associated with GI shedding. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled hospitalized patients 0 to 21 years old with a positive or a negative SARS-CoV-2 NP PCR test who had respiratory and/or GI symptoms. Participants were surveyed, and stool samples were sent for viral PCR testing. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate bivariate associations of stool PCR test positivity with categorical variables. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients were consented; 34 patients did not provide stool samples so 33 patients were included: 17 NP-positive and 16 NP-negative for SARS-CoV-2. Eight of the 17 NP-positive patients had a positive stool PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, while none of the 16 SARS-CoV-2 NP-negative patients had a positive result (P < .01). For the 17 SARS-CoV-2 NP-positive patients, GI symptoms were associated with a positive stool PCR test (P = .05) for SARS-CoV-2, but this association was not found for all 33 patients (P = .11). No associations were found with patients in an immunocompromised state or those with a comorbid condition, fever and/or chills, respiratory symptoms, headache and/or myalgias, or anosmia and/or ageusia. CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 GI shedding is common and associated with GI symptoms in NP-positive children, with 47% having positive stool PCRs for SARS-CoV-2. GI shedding was not demonstrated in SARS-CoV-2 NP-negative children.

scholarly journals Knowledge of medical students about perioperative nutritional care in Bahia, Brazil: a transversal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Fernandes Weyll Pimentel ◽  
Leonardo Castro Dantas Macêdo ◽  
Sérgio Diniz Gonçalves Queiroz Filho ◽  
Pedro Carlos Muniz de Figueiredo ◽  
Magno Conceição das Merces
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Care ◽  
Exact Test

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the medical students’ knowledge about perioperative nutritional care. These students are from public and private academic institutions in the state of Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study to analyze medical students based on an online instrument regarding topics related to perioperative care. For data analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for categorical variables, and mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables. Fisher's Exact Test and G Test were used to analyze the association. Results: 209 responses were obtained. Regarding the learning on nutritional preparation of the patient submitted to a surgery, 25 (64.9%) students of public institutions and 90 (52.3%) students of private ones reported not knowing or not having been exposed to such knowledge. Regarding the importance of addressing topics related to nutritional therapy (NT), 37 (100%) students from public institutions and 168 (97.7%) from private ones recognize the importance of spreading this knowledge. Unnecessary absolute preoperative fasting, shortening techniques of fasting and bronchoaspiration prevention and reintroduction time of a diet in the postoperative period are unknown to most of the population studied. CONCLUSION: Most students included in this study do not have satisfactory knowledge in NT and for preparing the surgical patient.

Patient-reported complications associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (7) ◽  
pp. 1004-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. SCHÖNBERG-NORIO ◽  
L. MATTILA ◽  
A. LAUHIO ◽  
M.-L. KATILA ◽  
S.-S. KAUKORANTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Stool Samples

SUMMARYThis study aimed to investigate the occurrence of complications, especially musculoskeletal symptoms, after sporadic Campylobacter jejuni enteritis of domestic origin in Finland. This multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted during a seasonal peak in 2002. Questionnaires were sent to Campylobacter-positive patients, representing different geographical areas, 2 months after collection of positive stool samples. Medical records were viewed in several cases. Besides antimicrobial susceptibility testing C. jejuni isolates were serotyped. A total of 235 patients (58%) returned the questionnaire and 201 C. jejuni-positive patients were finally included in the study. Musculoskeletal symptoms associated with C. jejuni enteritis were frequent (39%); joint pain was most commonly reported (81%). The incidence of reactive arthritis was 4% and that of Achilles enthesopathy and/or heel pain was 9%. Stomach ache during enteritis was associated with the later development of joint pain. Antimicrobial treatment was common but did not prevent complications.

scholarly journals Job Satisfaction and Its Determinants among Nurse Anesthetists in Clinical Practice: The Botswana Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mamo Woldu Kassa ◽  
Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nurse Anesthetists ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Job satisfaction (JS) correlates positively with patients’ satisfaction and outcomes and employees’ well-being. In Botswana, the level of job satisfaction and its determinants among nurse anesthetists were not investigated. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to June 2020 encompassing all nurse anesthetists in clinical practice in Botswana. A self-administered questionnaire was used that incorporated demographic data, reasons to stay on or leave their job, and a validated 20-item short form of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire which was pretested on five of our nurse anesthetists. Percentage is used to describe the data. The independence of categorical variables was examined using chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. In Botswana, a total of 76 nurse anesthetists were in clinical practice during the study period. Sixty-six (86.9%) responded to the survey. Gender distribution was even, 50.0%. The overall JS was 36.4%. Males had significantly higher JS than females, p = 0.001 . Significantly higher job satisfaction was found in married nurse anesthetists ( p = 0.039 ), expatriate nurse anesthetists ( p = 0.001 ), nurse anesthetists in non-referral hospitals ( p = 0.023 ), and nurse anesthetists with ≥10 years’ experience ( p = 0.019 ). Nurse anesthetists were satisfied with security, social service, authority, ability utilization, and responsibility in ≥60.0% of the cases. They were not satisfied in compensation, working condition, and advancement in a similar percentage. The main reason to stay on their job was to serve the public in 68.2%. In Botswana, employers should make an effort to address the working conditions, compensation, and advancement of nurse anesthetists in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Child behavior during the social distancing in the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eny Dórea Paiva ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Maria Estela Diniz Machado ◽  
Rosane Cordeiro Burla de Aguiar ◽  
Karina Rangel da Silva Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Learning Stage ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the daily activities performed by children from 6 to 12 years of age incomplete and analyze children’s behavior during social distancing in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional study with children in a learning stage living in Brazil. The data were collected via online form. Fisher’s exact test was applied to analyze the association of categorical variables with child behavior; when significant, it was used the odds ratio. It was considered results considered statistically significant those presenting values of p < 0.05. Results: Data from 530 children were analyzed: 50.3% female, 71.3% from the Southeast Region, 73% in fulltime social distancing, 52% presented anxiety, which was significantly associated with changes in sleep and appetite. Conclusion: The results indicate the need for parents/caretakers to stimulate moments for the child to express themselves, not minimizing their feelings and providing emotional support to mitigate the negative impact of these feelings on the child’s mental and physical health.

scholarly journals Barriers to Prescribing Oral Anticoagulants To Inpatients Aged 80 Years and Older With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Cross-Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Xia ◽  
Lishuang Wang ◽  
Taiping Lin ◽  
Jirong Yue ◽  
Zhonghua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Medical Database ◽  
Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Exact Test

Abstract Background: To investigate the temporal trend of prevalence of anticoagulation treatment and explore the factors associated with under prescription of oral anti-coagulants (OACs) among inpatients aged ≥80 years with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of inpatients with a discharge diagnosis of NVAF from a medical database. We used the Pearson chi-square or Fisher’s exact test to compare categorical variables between patients with and without OACs prescription. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between risk factors and under prescription of OACs. Results: A total of 4375 patients aged ≥80 years with AF were assessed in the largest academic hospital in China from August 1, 2016, to July 31, 2020, 3165 NVAF patients were included. The prevalence of OACs use was 20.9% in 2017, 28.7% in 2018, 35.6% in 2019, and 43.9% in 2020. Of all participants with CHA2DS2-VASc≥2, 1,027 (32.4%) were prescribed OACs; 33.7% and 31.8% of patients with and without prior stroke received OACs, respectively. Age, clinical department where patients were discharged, use of antiplatelets, and history of stroke and dementia were significantly associated with not prescribing OACs. Conclusions: The prevalence of OACs use increased over the past several years. The rate of prescription of OACs was lower among NVAF patients who were older, prescribed antiplatelets, discharged from non-departmental cardiology, and suffered from comorbidities. This study found the iatrogenic factors affecting the use of OACs in the inpatients aged ≥80 years, providing clues and basis for the standardized use of OACs in the inpatients.

scholarly journals Mask use among pedestrians during the Covid-19 pandemic in Southwest Iran: an observational study on 10,440 people

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Rahimi ◽  
Gholam Abbas Shirali ◽  
Marzieh Araban ◽  
Mohammad javad Mohammadi ◽  
Bahman Cheraghian
Keyword(s):  
Face Mask ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Southwest Iran

Abstract Background Many countries have recommended the use of face masks for general population in public places to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of face mask usage and investigate about different types of face mask and their distribution among pedestrians in southwest Iran during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2020 in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. Using a multistage sampling method, a total of 10,440 pedestrians selected from 8 urban districts and 92 neighborhoods of the city. The data gathered by observation method. Percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to describe the variables. Chi-square test, fisher exact test and Chi-square for trend used to assess relationship between two categorical variables. We used unconditional logistic regression model to control confounders. Results The most common age group was 10 to 39 years and 67.9% of the participants were male. The overall prevalence of face mask usage was 45.6% (95% CI, 44.6–46.5). In general, as the age increased, the prevalence of face mask use significantly increased (p for trend < 0.001). Women used face masks significantly higher than men (60.2% vs. 38.7%, p < 0.001). Among the pedestrians who used the mask, 75.6% wore facemask correctly. The most common type of facemask used by the pedestrians were surgical (medical) masks (63.8%). In total, the prevalence of facemask usage was significantly higher during a.m. (49.4%) compared to p.m. (43.9%), (p < 0.001). Besides, in our study, 1.7 and 0.3% of Pedestrians had worn gloves and shielded respectively. Women used shields and gloves significantly higher than men (3.6% vs. 0.7%, p < 0.001). Also, women used shields more than men (0.5% vs. 0.3%, p = 0.036). Conclusion We concluded that the prevalence rate of face mask use in Ahvaz was fairly low especially in men and younger people. Hence, the observed rates probably cannot protect the community against COVID-19 spread. Therefore, it is important to implement educational programs as well as to establish laws and regulations governing the use of face masks in public places.

scholarly journals SARS-COV-2 infection outcomes in patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Ponte Madeira ◽  
Erika Bastos Lima Freire ◽  
Virginia Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Grayce Ellen da Cruz Paiva Lima ◽  
Ivana da Ponte Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients

Abstract Background A new strain of human coronavirus (HCoV) spread rapidly around the world. Diabetes and obesity are associated with a worse prognosis in these patients. Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy (CGL) patients generally have poorly controlled diabetes and require extremely high doses of insulin. There is no documentation in the literature of cases of COVID in CGL patients. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CGL patients, and the association of their clinical and metabolic characteristics and outcomes. Methods This is a cross-sectional study carried out between July and October 2020. Clinical data collected were respiratory or other flu-like symptoms, need of hospitalization in the last three months, CGL comorbidities, and medications in use. Cholesterol, triglycerides, glycohemoglobin A1c levels, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and nasopharyngeal swab for RT-qPCR were also obtained in all CGL patients. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the characteristics of the participants, verifying the non-adherence of the data to the Gaussian distribution. In investigating the association between categorical variables, we used Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results Twenty-two CGL patients were assessed. Eight subjects (36.4%) had reactive anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Only one of these, also presented detectable RT-qPCR. Five individuals (62.5%) were women, median age of 13.5 years (1 to 37). Symptoms like fever, malaise, nausea, diarrhea and chest pain were present, and all asymptomatic patients were children. All subjects had inadequate metabolic control, with no difference between groups. Among positive individuals there was no difference between those with AGPAT2 (75%) and BSCL2 gene mutations (25%) (p > 0.05). No patient needed hospitalization or died. Conclusions We described a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CGL patients with a good outcome in all of them. These findings suggest that at least young CGL patients infected by SARS-COV-2 are not at higher risk of poor outcome, despite known severe metabolic comorbidities.

scholarly journals Predictors of depressive symptoms among nurses of intensive care unit

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Motta de Vasconcelos ◽  
Milva Maria Figueiredo De Martino
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Intensive Care Nurses ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

Abstract Objectives: To identify the prevalence and analyze the existence of predictive factors of depressive symptomatology among nurses from intensive care unit. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed with 91 intensive care nurses. Two instruments were used for data collection performed in July 2014: a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory (version I). Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the existence of associations between depressive symptomatology and categorical variables. Results: Eleven percent of the sample presented with depressive symptomatology. Of the variables studied, none was significantly associated with depressive symptomatology (p-value ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of depressive symptomatology corresponded to 11%. None of the variables showed a significant association with depressive symptomatology.

scholarly journals Infectious Disease Consultation Is Associated with Decreased Mortality with Enterococcal Bloodstream Infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S31-S31
Author(s):  
Rachael A Lee ◽  
Daniel Vo ◽  
Joanna Zurko ◽  
Russell Griffin ◽  
J Martin Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Abstract Background Enterococcal bloodstream infections (EBSI) have been attributed with significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine whether IDC is associated with improved mortality in patients hospitalized with EBSI. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of patients admitted to the University of Alabama Health System between January 1, 2015 and June 30, 2016 who had EBSI. Patients who died within 2 days of hospitalization were excluded. Categorical variables were analyzed with chi-square or Fisher’s exact test and continuous variables were analyzed with a t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sums test when appropriate. A P-value &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for factors associated with 30-day in-hospital mortality. Results A total of 213 patients met the case definition. One hundred and thirty-four (63%) received IDC. Baseline patient demographics and comorbidities were similar in both groups. Patients with IDC were more likely to have repeated blood cultures (99% vs. 72%, P &lt; 0.001), echocardiogram performed (77% vs. 46%, P &lt; 0.001), and interventions for source control (19% vs 6%, P = 0.01). Patients without IDC were more likely to have inappropriate antibiotic treatment or no antibiotics (20% vs. 0%, P &lt; 0.001) as well as inappropriate duration of therapy (54% vs. 10%, P &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in the rates of recurrent bacteremia or readmission within 60 days. Patients who did not receive IDC had higher 30-day in-hospital mortality (27% vs. 13%, P = 0.02). Having an echocardiogram (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.36–5.55), surgical intervention (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.07–9.05) and an IV catheter (OR 3.90, 95% CI 1.39–10.88) were associated with increased likelihood of IDC while inappropriate duration of antibiotics was associated with an 87% decreased likelihood of IDC (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.06–0.29). The strongest association observed with 30-day mortality was inappropriate duration of antibiotics (OR 4.93, 95% CI 1.93–12.61). Conclusion IDC was associated with reduced 30-day in-hospital mortality in patients with EBSI. Although further investigation is warranted, the results of this study suggest that early involvement of ID specialists in EBSI may lead to better outcomes. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Capillaroscopic findings and clinical characteristics in patients with primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Elda Rossella Tralice ◽  
María Natalia Tamborenea ◽  
Félix Enrique Romanini ◽  
Marisel Vanesa Bejarano ◽  
Anastasia Secco
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Evolution Time

Objectives: to describe videocapillaroscopy (VCP) findings in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP) and secondary (SRP); compare demographic and clinical characteristics between both. Materials and methods: observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. Age, occupation, evolution time of RP, connective tissue disease (CTD) and capillaroscopic characteristics were documented. The VCP were reported as normal, nonspecific or early, active, and late SD pattern. Descriptive statistics were performed. Chi2 or Fisher's exact test were used for categorical variables; for continuous variables t test or Man Whitney, considering statistically significant p<0.05. Results: 290 VCP were performed. In patients with PRP (n:122), 18% (n:23) were normal and 81% (n:99) non-specific. In patients with SRP (n:168), 8% were normal, 42% non-specific and 51% with SD pattern (25% early, 44% active, 31% late). We found statistically significant differences: time of evolution of RP in months (12 vs. 36, p<0.01), normal VCP (18.85% vs 7.4%, p<0.01), non-specific pattern (81.14% vs 41%, p<0.01) in patients with PRP vs SRP. Conclusions: in patients with FRS predominated the SD pattern, while in those with FRP the normal and nonspecific pattern was superior. FRS was associated with a longer evolution time.

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