scholarly journals Child behavior during the social distancing in the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eny Dórea Paiva ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Maria Estela Diniz Machado ◽  
Rosane Cordeiro Burla de Aguiar ◽  
Karina Rangel da Silva Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Learning Stage ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the daily activities performed by children from 6 to 12 years of age incomplete and analyze children’s behavior during social distancing in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional study with children in a learning stage living in Brazil. The data were collected via online form. Fisher’s exact test was applied to analyze the association of categorical variables with child behavior; when significant, it was used the odds ratio. It was considered results considered statistically significant those presenting values of p < 0.05. Results: Data from 530 children were analyzed: 50.3% female, 71.3% from the Southeast Region, 73% in fulltime social distancing, 52% presented anxiety, which was significantly associated with changes in sleep and appetite. Conclusion: The results indicate the need for parents/caretakers to stimulate moments for the child to express themselves, not minimizing their feelings and providing emotional support to mitigate the negative impact of these feelings on the child’s mental and physical health.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of forgone care among adult Israeli Jews: A survey conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260399
Author(s):  
Perla Werner ◽  
Aviad Tur-Sinai
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Efforts to control the spread of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic include drastic measures such as isolation, social distancing, and lockdown. These restrictions are accompanied by serious adverse consequences such as forgoing of healthcare. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of forgone care for a variety of healthcare services during a two-month COVID-19 lockdown, using Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Healthcare Utilization. A cross-sectional study using computerized phone interviews was conducted with 302 Israeli Jewish participants aged 40 and above. Almost half of the participants (49%) reported a delay in seeking help for at least one needed healthcare service during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Among the predisposing factors, we found that participants aged 60+, being more religious, and reporting higher levels of COVID-19 fear were more likely to report forgone care than younger, less religious and less concerned participants. Among need factors, a statistically significant association was found with a reported diagnosis of diabetes, with participants with the disease having a considerably higher likelihood of forgone care. The findings stress the importance of developing interventions aimed at mitigating the phenomenon of forgoing care while creating nonconventional ways of consuming healthcare services. In the short term, healthcare services need to adapt to the social distancing and isolation measures required to stanch the epidemic. In the long term, policymakers should consider alternative ways of delivering healthcare services to the public regularly and during crisis without losing sight of their budgetary consequences. They must recognize the possibility of having to align medical staff to the changing demand for healthcare services under conditions of health uncertainty.

scholarly journals Knowledge of medical students about perioperative nutritional care in Bahia, Brazil: a transversal study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Fernandes Weyll Pimentel ◽  
Leonardo Castro Dantas Macêdo ◽  
Sérgio Diniz Gonçalves Queiroz Filho ◽  
Pedro Carlos Muniz de Figueiredo ◽  
Magno Conceição das Merces
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Care ◽  
Exact Test

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the medical students’ knowledge about perioperative nutritional care. These students are from public and private academic institutions in the state of Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study to analyze medical students based on an online instrument regarding topics related to perioperative care. For data analysis, absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for categorical variables, and mean and standard deviation were calculated for continuous variables. Fisher's Exact Test and G Test were used to analyze the association. Results: 209 responses were obtained. Regarding the learning on nutritional preparation of the patient submitted to a surgery, 25 (64.9%) students of public institutions and 90 (52.3%) students of private ones reported not knowing or not having been exposed to such knowledge. Regarding the importance of addressing topics related to nutritional therapy (NT), 37 (100%) students from public institutions and 168 (97.7%) from private ones recognize the importance of spreading this knowledge. Unnecessary absolute preoperative fasting, shortening techniques of fasting and bronchoaspiration prevention and reintroduction time of a diet in the postoperative period are unknown to most of the population studied. CONCLUSION: Most students included in this study do not have satisfactory knowledge in NT and for preparing the surgical patient.

scholarly journals Sero-Surveillance of Brucellosis in Cattle of Chitwan District, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
Sabita Subedi ◽  
Meera Prajapati ◽  
Bhojan Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Social Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Control

A cross sectional study was conducted in Eastern and Western parts of Chitwan district from November 2015 to April, 2016  in two parts, the social study followed by biological to determine and compare the prevalence, distribution of antibodies, and level of awareness of farmers  against Brucella abortus in cattle of the two regions of same district. Altogether blood samples of 92 cattle were taken for detection of Brucella antibodies by using RBPT test and the positive samples were further retested by Indirect ELISA test through ID Vet iELISA kit 2016. The samples which showed positive on both tests were confirmed as seropositive. Chi -square test and Fisher Exact test was used to find out the association between various variables. The result showed that 14.13% (13/92) and 10.86% (10/92) sample were positive by RBPT and iELISA test respectively. There was no significant prevalence differences (p>0.05) on location, age group, breed type, and method of service (artificial and natural) used in cattle. Comparing abortion with prevalence of Brucellosis, there was significant differences (p<0.05) in the result of both RBPT and iELISA test. Inferring from this result, there is association between the abortion and occurrence of Brucellosis. The higher significant prevalence differences (p<0.01) was according to the time of abortion where higher seropositivity was obtained in the cattle aborted on 5-7th month of pregnancy and cattle of 3rd parity. The study showed the existence of Brucellosis in Chitwan district with no adoption of any preventive measures against this disease, so here is current need of the strategies for its prevention and control in order to mitigate such overwhelming situation.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 365-371

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Dental Anxiety in Primary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study from Romania

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Ramona Vlad ◽  
Anca Maria Pop ◽  
Peter Olah ◽  
Monica Monea
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Salivary Cortisol Level ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Current data report that high levels of dental anxiety in children have a negative impact on oral health. The aim of this study was to measure dental anxiety, based on the Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS) used as a self-reported measure and to correlate its values with the salivary cortisol levels. The study was conducted in 2019 and included 389 children aged 6–9 years old; evaluation of dental anxiety and saliva sampling were performed. The influence of gender on the presence of dental anxiety was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test, the salivary cortisol level was compared between anxious and non-anxious children and was further correlated with the ACDAS score (p < 0.05). Girls had higher odds of experiencing dental anxiety (odds ratio: 1.533, p = 0.041). Salivary cortisol levels were higher in anxious compared to non-anxious children (median 1.251 vs. 1.091 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and showed a positive moderate correlation with the ACDAS score (r = 0.411, p < 0.001). Children aged 6–9 years have a high prevalence of dental anxiety, with girls being more susceptible to this condition. Salivary cortisol levels are higher in anxious children and correlate positively with the ACDAS score, proving that ACDAS can be used for the detection of dental anxiety.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic impacts of elimination of Onchocerciasis in Abu-Hamed focus, northern Sudan: lessons after elimination

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Ahmed ◽  
Anas Elbashir ◽  
Asgad Adil ◽  
Asha A. Alim ◽  
Asia Mubarak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
The Social

Abstract Background: Onchocerciasis is one of the most devastating Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and it is mostly prevalent in Africa. The disease has important heavy social and economic burdens on the infected populations including low productivity, unemployment, social isolation, and stigma. Abu-Hamed focus is the first WHO certified elimination of Onchocerciasis in Africa.Methods: This a cross-sectional study used a well-established questionnaire to investigate the socio-economic impacts of the Onchocerciasis elimination in Abu-Hamed, River Nile State, Sudan in 2015; 512 participants in ten affected communities were interviewed.Results: Our findings revealed that these communities are recovering from the social and economic burden of the diseases, with 90% of the research participants reported general satisfaction about the elimination of the disease in their community, and about 48.3% of them attended secondary school or university. Only 0.6% reported unemployment, and 25.3% and 24.7% of the participants were workers and farmers respectively. Except about the vector biting and nuisance, the majority of the respondents (90%) had no complain after the elimination of the disease in the area. Also, 90.5% of the participants reported either stable or increase in their work performance during the last twelve months. About 93.8% of the respondents were engaged in normal daily activities and involved in happy events like marriage and giving birth during the last twelve months.Conclusions: Overall, we conclude that the elimination of Onchocerciasis in Abu-Hamed has several positive impacts on the economy and social life of Abu-Hamed local communities, but this could be maximized by controlling the vector, which is still having a negative impact on the populations. Establishing local developmental projects will help these communities greatly to recover and become more productive.

scholarly journals The effect of the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak on social relationships: A cross-sectional study in Jordan

2020 ◽  
pp. 002076402096663
Author(s):  
Abdallah Y Naser ◽  
Hadeel T Al-Hadithi ◽  
Eman Zmaily Dahmash ◽  
Hassan Alwafi ◽  
Salwan Salah Alwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Educational Campaigns

Background: Social relationships refer to the existing associations between family members, friends, neighbours, co-workers, and other associates. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing has been imposed by the curfew program in Jordan. Aim: To evaluate the effects of social distancing on the social relationships of the Jordanian population. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Jordan between the 6th and the 30th of May, 2020. Our questionnaire was constructed to explore the population’s perception of the quarantine period, how it is affecting their relationship with others, and the characteristics of their social relationships and communication with various population categories, including family members and work colleagues. Multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of better social relationships and communication. Results: A total of 4,301 participants were involved in this study. The average score of the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on social relationships among the whole study population was 5.68 (SD: 2.33) out of 10 (equal to 56.8%), which indicates the marginal strength of the social relationships. Around 31.6% of the participants reported that their social relationships were affected to a high degree by the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants who were aged 36–45 were positively affected in terms of their social relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is negatively affecting social relationships, which could ultimately lead to negative health implications. Decision-makers are advised to provide educational campaigns that improve the sociological health of the general population.

scholarly journals Prescription errors and administration of injectable antimicrobials in a public hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionara Vieira Rocha Da Mota ◽  
Paulo Henrique Ribeiro Fernandes Almeida ◽  
Lucas Brasileiro Lemos ◽  
Mario Borges Rosa ◽  
Gisele Da Silveira Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Clinic ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Social ◽  
Level Of Significance

To analyze the errors of prescription and administration of antimicrobials powder for solution for injection in a public hospital. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a public hospital, in which antimicrobials prescriptions and administrations were analyzed for patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Medical Clinic (CM) from November 2015 to February 2016. The tabulation and data analysis were done in Epidata software version 3.1 of 2008 and IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). In the statistical analysis, chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact test were applied when necessary. The level of significance was 5%. Among the statistically significant results, the following are the errors related to medical prescription with the variables: age at 57% and medical specialty at 67%, both at the ICU; bed with 30% and hospitalization unit with 37%, both in CM. In the administration of antimicrobials, statistically significant differences were observed only in the failure to identify the patient (30% in CM). Regarding the use of antimicrobials, Cefepime was the most prescribed with 65.1%. In view of these aspects, it is extremely important that errors arising from an incomplete and misleading prescribing are identified, to propose improvements in the medication system, in order to prevent errors, and to promote a more rational antibiotic therapy, avoiding infections.

scholarly journals Verbal Aggression from Care Recipients as a Risk Factor among Nursing Staff: A Study on Burnout in the JD-R Model Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Viotti ◽  
Silvia Gilardi ◽  
Chiara Guglielmetti ◽  
Daniela Converso
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Job Burnout ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Care Recipients ◽  
The Social ◽  
Job Content

Among nursing staff, the risk of experiencing violence, especially verbal aggression, is particularly relevant. The present study, developed in the theoretical framework of the Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R), has two main aims: (a) to examine the association between verbal aggression and job burnout in both nurses and nurse’s aides and (b) to assess whether job content, social resources, and organizational resources lessen the negative impact of verbal aggression on burnout in the two professional groups. The cross-sectional study uses a dataset that consists of 630 workers (522 nurses and 108 nurse’s aides) employed in emergency and medical units. High associations were found between verbal aggression and job burnout in both professional groups. Moderated hierarchical regressions showed that, among nurses, only the job content level resources moderated the effects of the verbal aggression on job burnout. Among nurse’s aides, the opposite was found. Some resources on the social and organizational levels but none of the job content level resources buffered the effects of verbal aggression on workers burnout. The study highlights the crucial role of different types of resources in protecting nursing staff from the detrimental effects of verbal aggression on job burnout.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Gastrointestinal Shedding in Hospitalized Children

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy Tam ◽  
Courtney McNamara ◽  
Julie Dunbar ◽  
Katherine O’Connor ◽  
Gonzalo Manzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Pcr Test

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a respiratory virus that can cause gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, with studies demonstrating detection of stool viral RNA weeks after respiratory tract clearance. It is unknown if children who test negative for SARS-CoV-2 on a nasopharyngeal (NP) swab may be shedding the virus in their stool. OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 stool shedding in children with positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 NP polymerase chain reactions (PCR) tests, and to determine clinical factors associated with GI shedding. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled hospitalized patients 0 to 21 years old with a positive or a negative SARS-CoV-2 NP PCR test who had respiratory and/or GI symptoms. Participants were surveyed, and stool samples were sent for viral PCR testing. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate bivariate associations of stool PCR test positivity with categorical variables. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients were consented; 34 patients did not provide stool samples so 33 patients were included: 17 NP-positive and 16 NP-negative for SARS-CoV-2. Eight of the 17 NP-positive patients had a positive stool PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, while none of the 16 SARS-CoV-2 NP-negative patients had a positive result (P &lt; .01). For the 17 SARS-CoV-2 NP-positive patients, GI symptoms were associated with a positive stool PCR test (P = .05) for SARS-CoV-2, but this association was not found for all 33 patients (P = .11). No associations were found with patients in an immunocompromised state or those with a comorbid condition, fever and/or chills, respiratory symptoms, headache and/or myalgias, or anosmia and/or ageusia. CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 GI shedding is common and associated with GI symptoms in NP-positive children, with 47% having positive stool PCRs for SARS-CoV-2. GI shedding was not demonstrated in SARS-CoV-2 NP-negative children.

scholarly journals Job Satisfaction and Its Determinants among Nurse Anesthetists in Clinical Practice: The Botswana Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mamo Woldu Kassa ◽  
Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nurse Anesthetists ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Job satisfaction (JS) correlates positively with patients’ satisfaction and outcomes and employees’ well-being. In Botswana, the level of job satisfaction and its determinants among nurse anesthetists were not investigated. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to June 2020 encompassing all nurse anesthetists in clinical practice in Botswana. A self-administered questionnaire was used that incorporated demographic data, reasons to stay on or leave their job, and a validated 20-item short form of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire which was pretested on five of our nurse anesthetists. Percentage is used to describe the data. The independence of categorical variables was examined using chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. In Botswana, a total of 76 nurse anesthetists were in clinical practice during the study period. Sixty-six (86.9%) responded to the survey. Gender distribution was even, 50.0%. The overall JS was 36.4%. Males had significantly higher JS than females, p = 0.001 . Significantly higher job satisfaction was found in married nurse anesthetists ( p = 0.039 ), expatriate nurse anesthetists ( p = 0.001 ), nurse anesthetists in non-referral hospitals ( p = 0.023 ), and nurse anesthetists with ≥10 years’ experience ( p = 0.019 ). Nurse anesthetists were satisfied with security, social service, authority, ability utilization, and responsibility in ≥60.0% of the cases. They were not satisfied in compensation, working condition, and advancement in a similar percentage. The main reason to stay on their job was to serve the public in 68.2%. In Botswana, employers should make an effort to address the working conditions, compensation, and advancement of nurse anesthetists in clinical practice.

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