THE FIRST DESCRIPTION OF CHICKENPOX AS A DISEASE, BY WILLIAM HEBERDEN THE ELDER (1710-1801) IN 1767

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-588
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Third ◽  
Millet Seed ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Full Maturity

Both Rosén von Rosenstein (1706-1773)1 and François Boissier de Sauvages (1706-1767)2 came close to differentiating varicella from variola. But, it was left to William Heberden3 to give the first detailed description of chickenpox as a disease sui generis in 1767 as follows: These pocks break out on many without any illness or previous sign: in others they are preceded by a little degree of chillness, lassitude, cough, broken sleep, wandering pains, loss of appetite and feverishness for three days. In some patients I have observed them to make their first appearance on the back, but this perhaps is not constant. Most of them are of the common size of the smallpox but some are less. I never saw them confluent nor very numerous. The greatest number which I ever observed was about twelve in the face, and two hundred over the rest of the body. On the first day of the eruption they are reddish: on the second day there is at the top of most of them a very small bladder about the size of a millet seed. This is sometimes full of a watery and colourless, sometimes of a yellowish, liquor contained between the cuticle and the skin. On the second or at the farthest on the third day from the beginning of the eruption as many of the pocks as are not broken seem arrived at their full maturity, and those which are fullest of that yellow liquor very much resemble what the genuine smallpox are on the fifth or sixth day especially where there happens to be a larger space than ordinary occupied by the extravasated serum.

scholarly journals Clinical Case of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Radenkova-Saeva ◽  
H. Naydenov
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
The Body ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
H2 Blockers ◽  
Oral Ulcers ◽  
Systemic Corticosteroids ◽  
The Face ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Abstract Toxic epidermal necrolysis or Lyell’s syndrome is a severe life-threatening adverse drug reaction with a high mortality rate. The drugs most commonly involved are: antibiotics; anticonvulsants; antiretroviral drugs; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, allopurinol. Case report: A 68-year-old female, presented with complaints of fever and extensive rashes on the skin of the face, the neck and the trunk, severe itching of the skin, ulcerations and erythema of the conjunctiva and the oral cavity and difficulty in swallowing. She has a period of two or three days of general discomfort and fatigue, rash, fever up to 38°C, sore throat, arthralgia, myalgia, loss of appetite and have been treated with antipyretics, antibiotic – ampicillin, antihistamines, vitamins. Her state worsened during the next 3 days, therefore she was hospitalized in the Toxicology clinic of University Hospital “N. I. Pirogov”. Multiple maculopapular and bullous eruptions, plaques were present all over the body, blisters that cover a substantial portion of the body. The entire skin covering the body surface was denuded and peeled off with minor manipulation – the Nikolsky’s sign. Intraorally, multiple oral ulcers of the buccal mucosa, tongue, palate, labial mucosa, and soft palate were seen. Hemorrhagic erosions were also seen on both the upper and lower lips. Conjunctivitis and ulceration of genitalia were also noted. The lesions got slowly better with serum therapy, fluid and electrolyte replacement, systemic corticosteroids, antihistamines, antibiotic, vitamins, H2 blockers, topical care of mucosal changes. Evolution was satisfactory with epidermization and the patient was discharged from the hospital after 1 month.

The eyes have it: Development of children’s generative thinking

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Low ◽  
Steve Hollis
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Third ◽  
Face Region ◽  
The Face

Generative thinking is defined as the active construction of a creative instantiation of some familiar concept or object. Four studies examined differences in the generative thinking of 6-, 9-, and 12- year-olds. All versions of the task involved imagining where on the body they would place a third eye and why. In Study 1, when children and adults were required to draw their eye placement, only the adults considered novelty and utility, e.g., seeing all around with the eye behind the head. In Study 2, when children were instructed to place the eye so that they could see more, only 12-year-olds improved their performance. In Study 3, when a model was provided on which the third eye could be placed, both 6- and 9-year-olds improved but their thinking was limited to considerations of the eye still within the face region. In Study 4, when children could place the third eye on their own bodies, 6- and 9-year-olds clearly displayed generative thinking. Results are discussed in terms of constraints on children’s generative thinking.

scholarly journals FUNERAL AND MEMORIAL RITES OF DAGESTAN PEOPLE IN MODERN URBAN CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
М К Musaeva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
The Third ◽  
Material Component ◽  
The Common ◽  
Urban Conditions ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Way

Among the rites (rituals) of the system of ceremonial actions, magical ideas, beliefs related to such cycles of human life as birth, marriage, and death, united by a single concept - the rituals of the life cycle, the funeral and memorial rites have always been the most religiously regulated ones and they are characterized by a certain stability and conservatism both in rural areas and in towns of Dagestan. In the funeral and memorial rites, we can conditionally distinguish three cycles. The first cycle includes the rituals observed within the period after a person’s death before the body of the deceased is carried out of the house; the rituals of the second cycle are performed when the body of the deceased is carried out of the house, on the way to the cemetery, during the burial and on the way back after the burial. The third cycle includes the rituals observed after the burial until the anniversary of the person’s death. This is also a whole system of views based on people’s beliefs and religious precepts. New religious trends (the ideas of pure Islam) and globalization and urbanization processes have not affected the foundations of the funeral and memorial rites. The changes have affected the material component: costs for funeral events and commemoration of the deceased (fixing of the headstone) have increased. Almost up to the 1980s, the body of the deceased city dweller was buried in the village that the deceased man or woman was from. In recent decades, new cemeteries have appeared in towns. In general, Islam has managed to press greatly the ancient pagan rituals that developed over many centuries, but this fact does not exclude the preservation of some ancient ideas and elements of pre-Islamic rituals in the funeral rites. Besides, the common Muslim character of the funeral rites could not completely suppress the ethnically specific features: due to some elements (as a rule, in the memorial part), every Dagestan nationality is recognized even in urban conditions.

Causes and Consequences of Sports Concussion

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. Edwards ◽  
Jeffrey D. Bodle
Keyword(s):  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Sports Concussion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

The Consensus Statement of the Third International Congress on Concussion in Sport in November 2008 defined concussion as a “complex pathophysiologic process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biochemical forces.” Definitions of concussion vary slightly between various professional organizations of neurosurgeons, neurologists, and orthopedic surgeons, but all share the common characteristics of trauma affecting the head or body resulting in transient neurologic deficits or symptoms. Underlying the symptoms of concussion is a complex pathophysiologic process at the cellular level. While concussion is typically thought of as resulting from a direct impact to the head, a concussion can also be sustained as a result of an impact to the body causing the force of the impact to be transmitted to and absorbed by the brain.

scholarly journals Anatomical peculiarities of the origin and traject of the superior thyroid artery

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
P. Gavrilidou ◽  
D.M. Iliescu ◽  
Baz R. ◽  
L.M. Rusali ◽  
P. Bordei
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Superior Thyroid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Trunk ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common

Abstract the methods of dissection and analysis of angioCT’s. Each of the details was analyzed comparatively on both sides of the body assessing: the origin of the superior thyroid artery in relation to the carotid bifurcation, the face of the external carotid artery that gives origin and the traject of the artery from the origin to the glandular parenchyma. The origin of the superior thyroid artery was evaluated on a number of 64 cases, most frequently having its origin from the external carotid artery, an aspect met 53.125 % of cases, at a distance that was between 1-18 mm. In 28.125 % of cases the superior thyroid artery had its origin in the common carotid trunk at a distance of 1-10 mm caudal to the terminal bifurcation of the common carotid. In 18.75 % of cases, the thyroid artery originated from the carotid bifurcation, which thus ends up by trifurcation. The side of the vessel that emerges the superior thyroid artery was assessed on 42 cases; most commonly the superior thyroid artery having its origin on the medial face, an aspect found in 66.67 % of cases; in 23.81 % of cases originated from the posterior medial and only two cases (4.76 % of cases), both on the left side(8.70 % of cases on the left), the origin of the superior thyroid artery was located on the anterior, respectively faces of the common carotid artery. The traject of the superior thyroid artery was followed on 53 cases, in most cases the artery showing initially a horizontal traject (transverse) towards medially for 1-4 cm, then became obliquely downward, an aspect met in 28.30 % of cases and in 22.64 % of cases, the artery was obliquely downward from its origin. In 11.32 % of cases the traject was obliquely ascending and in 9.43 % of cases the artery was initially obliquely upward for 2-3 cm, after which became transverse. For the remaining 28.30 % of the cases we have met a number of other 5 different patterns of traject but in a small percentage for each of them (5.66% of cases).

scholarly journals Papular mucinosis (papular lichen myxedematosus): Clinical and histopathological evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Khalifa Sharquie ◽  
Raed I Jabbar
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Important Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
General Investigation ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lichen Myxedematosus

Background: Papular mucinosis is a variety of mucinosis characterized by excessive production of mucin by fibroblasts and deposition in the dermis. It manifests itself with fleshy papules or plaques in different sites of the body and taking different clinical morphological cutaneous features. Objective: The objective is to report and evaluate the different clinical and histopathological features of the disease in Iraqi patients. Patients and Methods: This is a case series and a clinical descriptive study in which ten patients with papular mucinosis were reported during the period from 2012 through 2019. The age ranged from 4 to 56 years, with seven females and three males. Clinical evaluation regarding histories of the disease and examination was carried out. General investigation was done and skin biopsy for histopathological assessment was conducted. Results: Nine patients were adults, with their age ranging from 20 to 56 years, a mean of around 35 years, and only one 4-year-old child. It is a disease with a female predominance, as observed in 7 (70%) females. The common sites of involvement were the face but the rash may extend to affect the neck and upper arms. The rash appeared in the form of skin-colored or red fleshy papules and plaques or in diffuse erythematous orange peel-like forms. The rash was asymptomatic in most patients. The pathology of the disease clarified the diffuse deposition of mucin in the dermis, as was demonstrated with H&E staining. Conclusion: Papular mucinosis is a rare disease characterized by mucin deposition in the skin affecting mostly adult females. The face is commonly involved together with other areas such as the neck and upper arms, but the trunk and lower limbs are spared. It manifests itself with different clinical morphological cutaneous features. Papular granuloma annulare must be considered as an important differential diagnosis in all cases of papular mucinosis.

scholarly journals Conservative treatment of facial burns

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
I. V. Chmyrev ◽  
Ya. L. Butrin
Keyword(s):  
Healing Time ◽  
Main Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Face

Objective: compare the effectiveness of using a moisturizer containing antibacterial drugs of plant origin with a water-soluble ointment that includes the antibiotic chloramphenicol in the treatment of victims with burns of the face II-IIIа degrees.Materials and methods: The results of treatment of 27 victims (12 men and 15 women) with burns of the face and other areas of the body of I – II degree with a total area of 1 to 6 % of the body surface at the age of 18 – 60 years were analyzed. In the main group (13 patients), a cream containing antibacterial drugs of plant origin was used. In the control group (14 patients), bandages with a water-soluble ointment containing an artificial synthesized antibiotic chloramphenicol were used. Visually evaluated the course of the wound process, the nature and volume of exudate, the healing time of burn wounds when using ointments. Seeding of the wound discharge was done on the day of admission, on the 5th and 10th day of treatment. The structure and number of microflora of burn wounds were studied.Results: in the third seeding of the main group, the concentration of bacteria was (2.4 ± 0.04) x103 CFU / g. in the third seeding of the control group, the concentration of microorganisms was (5.9 ± 0.03)×105 CFU / g. the duration of hospitalization in the main group was 18.1 ± 1.5 days, in the control group — 23.8 ± 1.9 days.Conclusions: cream containing antibacterial preparations of plant origin, in comparison with a water-soluble ointment that includes an artificial synthesized antibiotic chloramphenicol, reduces the bacterial contamination of wounds in victims with superficial burns of the face by 2×102 times, the duration of inpatient treatment for 5 days (p < 0.05).

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

The Common as Body Without Organs

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (supplement) ◽  
pp. 46-63
Author(s):  
Vidar Thorsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Deleuze And Guattari ◽  
Political Thinking ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
Body Without Organs ◽  
Social Factory ◽  
The Common

The paper explores the relation of Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri's work to that of Deleuze and Guattari. The main focus is on Hardt and Negri's concept of ‘the common’ as developed in their most recent book Commonwealth. It is argued that the common can complement what Nicholas Thoburn terms the ‘minor’ characteristics of Deleuze's political thinking while also surpassing certain limitations posed by Hardt and Negri's own previous emphasis on ‘autonomy-in-production’. With reference to Marx's notion of real subsumption and early workerism's social-factory thesis, the discussion circles around showing how a distinction between capital and the common can provide a basis for what Alberto Toscano calls ‘antagonistic separation’ from capital in a more effective way than can the classical capital–labour distinction. To this end, it is demonstrated how the common might benefit from being understood in light of Deleuze and Guattari's conceptual apparatus, with reference primarily to the ‘body without organs’ of Anti-Oedipus. It is argued that the common as body without organs, now understood as constituting its own ‘social production’ separate from the BwO of capital, can provide a new basis for antagonistic separation from capital. Of fundamental importance is how the common potentially invents a novel regime of qualitative valorisation, distinct from capital's limitation to quantity and scarcity.

Our Bodies, Whose Property?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

No one wants to be treated like an object, regarded as an item of property, or put up for sale. Yet many people frame personal autonomy in terms of self-ownership, representing themselves as property owners with the right to do as they wish with their bodies. Others do not use the language of property, but are similarly insistent on the rights of free individuals to decide for themselves whether to engage in commercial transactions for sex, reproduction, or organ sales. Drawing on analyses of rape, surrogacy, and markets in human organs, this book challenges notions of freedom based on ownership of our bodies and argues against the normalization of markets in bodily services and parts. The book explores the risks associated with metaphors of property and the reasons why the commodification of the body remains problematic. The book asks what is wrong with thinking of oneself as the owner of one's body? What is wrong with making our bodies available for rent or sale? What, if anything, is the difference between markets in sex, reproduction, or human body parts, and the other markets we commonly applaud? The book contends that body markets occupy the outer edges of a continuum that is, in some way, a feature of all labor markets. But it also emphasizes that we all have bodies, and considers the implications of this otherwise banal fact for equality. Bodies remind us of shared vulnerability, alerting us to the common experience of living as embodied beings in the same world. Examining the complex issue of body exceptionalism, the book demonstrates that treating the body as property makes human equality harder to comprehend.

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