Supporting Breast-Feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Sidney R. Kemberling
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Elderly Woman ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Simple Solution ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Spanish Family ◽  
Good Nutrition

For those interested in another approach to breast-feeding, Jelliffe and Jelliffe have recently published an elegant paper titled " Breast Is Best."4 Developing skills that enhance breast-feeding can be learned by reading the books listed at the end of this article. If pediatricians want to be strong advocates of breast-feeding, they must be convinced of the advantages of breast milk. Many physicians say that they support breast-feeding but will, for instance, send formula bottles to the bedside of a breast-feeding mother. The antagonistic physician or member of the office team may make remarks such as "Are you going to breast-feed until your child goes to school?" " Are you still breast-feeding?" or " The baby needs solid foods for good nutrition." These innuendos can defeat and demoralize the breast-feeding mother. Unless the physician provides strong support against these remarks, the mother will lose her confidence. Many husbands who are advocates of breast-feeding will defend her against these discouraging remarks. Group sessions of lactating mothers also bolster morale. Many mothers find duenna substitutes whom they can communicate with by telephone. (A duenna is an elderly woman who has charge of young unmarried women in a Spanish family.) However, when breast-feeding mothers confront a serious problem for which they have no simple solution, the pediatrician has to provide the ultimate backup support.

Nutritional diet in Balyavasta

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayalaxmi B. Benakatti
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Semi Solid

In Ashtanga Ayurveda, Kaumarya Bhritya has been considered as important specialty. Kaumarya Bhritya deals with the proper growth and development of the healthy child as well as treatment of the diseased child. Nutrition plays central role in growth and development of the child. Initial 6 months the baby is nourished with exclusive breast feeding, later periods only breast milk is not sufficient to provide the nutritional needs of growing baby. Introduction of food supplements (semi-solid foods) along with breast feeding is necessary to provide adequate and appropriate supplements for proper growth and development and to prevent malnutrition. Introduce fruits and vegetables, which are rich source of macro and micro nutrients, hence help in growth and development of child, Prevent many diseases. After two years start normal diet. So Ayurveda gives importance on good nutrition at every stage of life, in order to maintain health. This article highlights Ayurvedic concepts of nutritional practice in Balyavasta.

Executive Summary

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-583
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Fed

Domestic Although the rate of breast-feeding is increasing in the United States, it appears that the rate of increase has been much slower among less well educated and economically disadvantaged women. Relatively little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that affect the decisions to breast-feed or to stop if already breast-feeding. Breast-feeding does appear to decrease an infant's risk of gastrointestinal infection and otitis media. The effect of method of infant feeding on risk of other infections and allergic illness is less certain. International The rate of breast-feeding in developing countries appears to have declined, especially among urban women. Although some sociodemographic correlates of infant-feeding choice have been examined, little is known about the behavioral and attitudinal factors that influence choice and duration of infant-feeding practices. Milk insufficiency, maternal employment, and pregnancy frequently are given as reasons for terminating breast-feeding. Rates of gastrointestinal illness are lower among breast-fed infants and when such illness is an important cause of death, infant mortality from this cause appears to be reduced. A randomized clinical trial carried out among high-risk infants found a significantly lower rate of infections among those given breast milk than those fed with infant formula. The evidence of the effect of breast-feeding on respiratory tract and other infections from other studies was less clear. Direct comparison of the growth of predominately breast-fed v artificially fed infants in the same populations from developing countries generally show faster growth for the breast-fed infants for the first 6 months of life. After 6 months, severe growth faltering occurs regardless of the method of feeding. In communities where the nutritional adequacy of supplementary foods is poor, breast milk is an extremely important, high-quality food during the second half of infancy and beyond.

Formula and complementary feeding

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mark Beattie ◽  
Anil Dhawan ◽  
John W.L. Puntis
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Bacterial Proliferation ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
P Type

Bottle-feeding 32Type of formula feed 33Complementary feeding 34Although the WHO recommends exclusive breast-feeding for 6 months and partial breast-feeding thereafter, it was recognized that some mothers would be unable, or would choose not to breast-feed, and that these mothers also deserved support to optimize their infant's nutrition. It is important that formula feeds are made up according to instructions and that both formula milk and expressed breast milk is handled in a way that minimizes the risk of bacterial proliferation in the feed. Some simple guidelines are given below: ...

Breast-feeding: motivation and outcome

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donelda J. Ellis ◽  
Roberta J. Hewat
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Hospital Records ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Insufficient Milk

SummaryTo determine patterns of infant feeding and influencing factors, 131 women, interested in breast-feeding and giving birth in one hospital in British Columbia, Canada, were followed for 6 months post-partum. Data were collected from hospital records and each participant completed mail-in questionnaires when their babies were 1, 3 and 6 months old. At 6 months 3·9% were exclusively breast-feeding, 26·5% were feeding their infants breast-milk and semi-solids and 26·5% were combining breast-feeding with formula and/or semi-solids. Over 50% discontinued breast-feeding before their stated intentions. Most women had chosen to breast-feed because of benefits to the baby, and most gave up breastfeeding because of perceived insufficient milk.

Fluoxetine in breast-milk and developmental outcome of breast-fed infants

1998 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yoshida ◽  
B. Smith ◽  
M. Craggs ◽  
R. Channi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Breast Fed

BackgroundSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are currently the most widely prescribed antidepressant drugs. There are only four published studies of breast-feeding mothers and their infants in which the mothers were taking fluoxetine.MethodFour mothers who took fluoxetine and their breast-fed infants were studied. Samples of plasma, breast-milk and urine were taken from the mothers and of plasma and urine from infants for assays of drug and metabolite concentrations. Bayley Scales of Infant Development were repeatedly used to assess cognitive and psychomotor development of the infants.ResultsFluoxetine and norfluoxetine were detected in all samples of maternal plasma (range of total concentration 138–427 ng/ml) and in breast-milk (range 39–177 ng/ml). Amounts of both fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in infants' plasma and urine were below the lower limit of detection. All infants were observed to be developing normally and showed no abnormal findings on neurological examination.ConclusionsMuch larger databases are needed but these four cases do not provide any evidence to suggest that women who are maintained on therapeutic doses of fluoxetine should discontinue breast-feeding their infants if they wish to breast-feed.

scholarly journals An observational study on breast feeding Success among postnatal mothers

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 009-013
Author(s):  
Sabitha Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Postnatal Mothers ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Type Of Delivery

Abstract Background: Under modern health care, human breast milk is considered the healthiest form of milk for babies. It also promotes the health of both mother and infant and helps to prevent disease.1 WHO states that, the vast majority of mothers can and should breast feed, just as the vast majority of infants can and should be breast fed.5 Purpose: The current study has aimed to determine the breastfeeding success among postnatal mothers. Methods: A descriptive survey approach was conducted on 50 postnatal mothers who were in the postnatal wards of a selected hospital. Observational checklist with 26 items were utilized to collect data. Results: Through descriptive analysis it was found that majority (44%) of mothers were in the age group of 20 – 25 years. Majority (68%) were Hindus. In type of delivery 84% had full term normal delivery. With regards to parity, 44% were multis. In relation to sex of the baby, 68% were females. The condition of the mother and the baby after delivery was good and normal in 100%. An observational checklist on breastfeeding success shows that the success rate on breastfeeding was high. There were 4 items such as getting ready to feed, Latching on, Feed itself and after feed and each item had 4 to 8 specific items on observational checklists on breastfeeding which indicates that in most of the mothers breastfeeding was a success. By inferential statistics it was found that type of delivery is associated with breast feeding (P < 0.05). Since all other p values are more than 0.05 there was no association between those selected demographic variables with breast feeding at 5% level of significance. Conclusion:Breast feeding is an age-old practice among most of the post-natal mothers to feed their young ones. In India, most of the mothers, practice giving breast milk to babies for about 1 to 2 years. Assistance by the health workers is not much sought as most of the bystanders assist the mothers in breast feeding. In the present study also, we have come across mothers successfully breastfeeding their babies and they are contented.

scholarly journals Common problems Encountered during Lactation and their Management in a Lactation Management Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Sabiha Shimul ◽  
Sameena Chowdhury ◽  
Mahe Jabeen ◽  
Ummay Salma ◽  
Mahbuba Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inverted Nipple ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Feeding Technique ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: Breastfeeding is widely known to be beneficial for infants and the mothersand also economically advantageous for the community. Objective: The principal purpose of this study was to explore the common problemsencountered during lactation and their management in a lactation management center. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at lactation management center of Instituteof Child and Maternal Health (ICMH), Dhaka. A total of 100 lactating mothers were recruitedconsecutively during the period of August 2008 to October 2008. Data was collected byhistory taking and required examination. Result: In this study, 46.0% mothers complained of poor milk secretion, 13.0% had breastengorgement, 9.0% had cracked nipple, 3.0% had inverted nipple, 2.0% had nipple infection,2.0% had flat nipple, 1.0% had sore nipple, 1.0% had breast abscess and in 23% casesthere was no reasonable cause. During interview twenty seven percent of the mothers wereadvised to start nursing as soon as possible; 45.0% mothers breast fed on demand, 75.0%mothers demonstrated proper breast feeding technique, 36.0% mothers avoided use ofartificial milk, 10.0% mothers applied last part of milk on nipple, then dry by exposing to air,12.0% mothers manually express milk from the areola before breast feed if it is engorgedand 1.0% advised to slip the index or little finger into the infant’s mouth between his/hergums before the infant is taken off of the breast, to break suction. Conclusion: Almost half of the mothers complained of less milk production. Apart from this13.0% mothers had breast engorgement, 9.0% mothers had cracked nipple and no reasonablecause for lactation problem was found in 23.0% cases. More than half of the mothers hadincorrect knowledge and skill of breast feeding. Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 36-39

Infant-Feeding Practices and Their Relationship With Diarrheal and Other Diseases in Huascar (Lima), Peru

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Brown ◽  
Robert E. Black ◽  
Guillermo Lopez de Romaña ◽  
Hilary Creed de Kanashiro
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Breast Fed

Longitudinal studies of the feeding practices and morbidity from infectious diseases of 153 Peruvian newborns from an underprivileged, periurban community were completed during their first year of life. Feeding practices were assessed by monthly questionnaires, and illnesses were identified by thrice-weekly, community-based surveillance. All infants were initially breast-fed, but only 12% were exclusively breast-fed at 1 month of age. At 12 months of age, 86% of children still received some breast milk. Incidence and prevalence rates of diarrhea in infants younger than 6 months of age were less among those who were exclusively breast-fed compared with those who received other liquids or artificial milks in addition to breast milk. The diarrheal prevalence rates doubled with the addition of these other fluids (15.2% v 7.1% of days ill, P &lt; .001). Infants for whom breast-feeding was discontinued during the first 6 months had 27.6% diarrheal prevalence. During the second 6 months of life, discontinuation of breast-feeding was also associated with an increased risk of diarrheal incidence and prevalence. Upper and lower respiratory tract infections occurred with lesser prevalence among exclusively breast-fed younger infants. The prevalences of skin infections by category of feeding practice were not as consistent, but exclusively breast-fed infants tended to have fewer skin infections during the initial months of life and older infants who continued to breast-feed had fewer infections than those who did not. None of the results could be explained by differences in the socioeconomic status of the infants' families.

Competing infant feeding information in mothers’ networks: advice that supports v. undermines clinical recommendations

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1200-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sato Ashida ◽  
Freda B Lynn ◽  
Natalie A Williams ◽  
Ellen J Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Clinical Recommendations ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Breast Feed

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the social contextual factors, specifically the presence of information that supports v. undermines clinical recommendations, associated with infant feeding behaviours among mothers in low-income areas.DesignCross-sectional survey evaluating social support networks and social relationships involved in providing care to the infant along with feeding beliefs and practices.SettingOut-patient paediatric and government-funded (Women, Infants, and Children) clinics in an urban, low-income area of the south-eastern USA.SubjectsEighty-one low-income mothers of infants between 0 and 12 months old.ResultsMost mothers reported receiving both supportive and undermining advice. The presence of breast-feeding advice that supports clinical recommendations was associated with two infant feeding practices that are considered beneficial to infant health: ever breast-feeding (OR=6·7; 95 % CI 1·2, 38·1) and not adding cereal in the infant’s bottle (OR=15·9; 95 % CI 1·1, 227·4). Advice that undermines clinical recommendations to breast-feed and advice about solid foods were not associated with these behaviours.ConclusionsEfforts to facilitate optimal infant feeding practices may focus on increasing information supportive of clinical recommendations while concentrating less on reducing the presence of undermining information within mothers’ networks. Cultural norms around breast-feeding may be stronger than the cultural norms around the introduction of solid foods in mothers’ social environments; thus, additional efforts to increase information regarding introduction of solid foods earlier in mothers’ infant care career may be beneficial.

Breastfeeding Pattern and its Associated Factors Among Mothers Working at Two Hospitals in Kathmandu

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Srijana Basnet ◽  
Merina Shrestha ◽  
Tulashi Adhikari ◽  
Aarati Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Prelacteal Feeding ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Expressed Breast Milk ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Introduction: Breastfeeding practices of women working at the hospital are likely to be modified by the facilities and support that they receive at the hospital. This study was done to evaluate the breast feeding practices and to analyse important factors that are associated with exclusive breast feeding till six months among women working at hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal Methods: A total of 110 women, with a young child between the ages of six months and two years were recruited from two hospitals in Kathmandu. A predesigned structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 29.85 ± 3.68 years. Ninety seven (88.2%) women were aware about initiation of breastfeeding within first hour of birth but only 64 (58.2%) women could practice it. Most women 100 (90.9%) were aware about exclusive breastfeeding but only 18 (16.3%) could practice exclusive breastfeeding till six months.  Mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 2.86 ± 2.00 months and 20 (18.2%) mothers practiced mixed feeding since birth. The participants whose babies had prelacteal feeding had significantly shorter duration of mean exclusive breast feed {1.92 ± 2.18 (S.D)} compared to those who did not have prelacteal feed {3.33 ± 1.74 (S.D)}  (p = 0.001). Those who delivered by normal vaginal delivery, initiated breastfeeding within first hour of delivery, expressed breast milk and got feeding breaks were associated with longer duration of mean exclusive breast feed. Conclusion: The breast feeding practices among working women at hospital is quite low compared to national statistics on IYCF. Breast milk expression and feeding breaks for lactating working women could improve feeding practices.

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