Lessons From the E-Ferol Tragedy

"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it."—G. Sabtatana Several factors combined to suggest that supplemental vitamin E should be administered to low birth weight infants. The persistent concern and controversy, the latter confounded by a paucity of data, have been discussed in recent editorials.1,2 At birh, tissue stores of the naturally occurring lipidsoluble antioxidant vitamin E (α-tocopherol) are low. The amount of total tocopherol in the tissue of premature infants is approximately one half that of full-term infants. 3 Maternal vitamin E supplementation seems to have minimal effect on serum vitamin E levels in the newborn because there is poor placental transfer; maternal blood levels are higher than cord levels.1-3

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VITAMIN E BLOOD LEVELS IN PREMATURE AND FULL TERM INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.7.3.386 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 386-393

Author(s):

STANLEY W. WRIGHT ◽

LLOYD J. FILER ◽

KARL E. MASON

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Placental Transfer ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Full Term ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Term Infants ◽

Breast Fed

Newborn infants showed serum tocopherol levels approximately one-fifth those of the maternal levels. During the first six days after birth, the serum tocopherols of breast-fed infants increased much more rapidly than those of bottle-fed infants. These differences were still evident at 1 to 4, and at 5 to 8, months of age. Premature infants fed an artificial formula low in vitamin E showed a rapid decline in serum tocopherol levels. These studies confirm and amplify other evidence that placental transfer of vitamin E is decidedly limited while mammary transfer is much more extensive.

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Effect of immunonutritional status, healthcare factors, and lifestyle on acute respiratory infections among under-5 children in Bangladesh

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312120940533 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 205031212094053

Author(s):

Md. Mustafa Kamal ◽

Farina Aziz ◽

Md. Rabiul Islam ◽

Monira Ahsan ◽

Sheikh Nazrul Islam

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Antioxidant Vitamins ◽

Antioxidant Vitamin ◽

Z Score ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Acute respiratory infection is a major cause of death for under-5 children in Bangladesh. We aimed to analyze the effect of immunonutritional status, healthcare factors, and lifestyle on the incidence of acute respiratory infection among under-5 children taking individual-level and contextual-level risk factors into consideration. Methods: This study recruited 200 children suffering from acute respiratory infection and 100 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and sociodemographic profile. Serum antioxidant vitamin A (retinol), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) were assessed along with the impact of vaccination, socioeconomic factors, and Z-score on the incidence of acute respiratory infection. Results: Serum antioxidant vitamins were significantly lower in the acute respiratory infection children compared to the non–acute respiratory infection group. Vitamin A was found to be significantly high in acute respiratory infection children who were breastfed for more than 1 year. Vitamin E levels were found to be significantly higher in the acute respiratory infection children who were immunized. Compared to the children living in tin-shed house or huts, serum vitamin E level increased in those acute respiratory infection children who resided in apartments. Vitamin A level was significantly high in those acute respiratory infection children whose height-for-age was −2 SD and above ( Z-score), and vitamin C levels were also significantly high in those acute respiratory infection children whose weight-for-height was −2 SD and below ( Z-score). Conclusion: Deficiencies of antioxidant vitamins along with healthcare and lifestyle factors have a significant influence on the incidence of acute respiratory infection among under-5 children in Bangladesh.

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Study of correlation between maternal and cord blood vitamin D3 levels

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20195162 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Sunil Rai ◽

Saurav Das ◽

Shankar Narayan

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Blood Sample ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Cord Blood Sample ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Background: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and in newborn period is common in this country. Vitamin D status of the mother is known to influence the vitamin D levels in the neonate, however how closely the maternal vitamin D level correlates with the cord blood Vitamin D is not clearly understood. To study the correlation between maternal and neonatal serum Vitamin D3 levels by as indicated by cord blood 25(OH)D levels and find out if there is a significant variation of cord blood 25(OH)D levels in Vitamin D sufficient and insufficient mothers.Methods: Healthy pregnant women between 18-45 years of age with no known history of chronic disease or long-term medication, consenting for the study were enrolled. Maternal blood sample was collected in peripartum period, cord blood sample was obtained after delivery from the umbilical cord after clamping. Vitamin D3 levels were measured by RIA and paired maternal and cord blood levels were statistically analyzed.Results: 569 paired samples of maternal and cord blood were analyzed. The mean maternal serum 25(OH)D level was 35.63ng/ml (sd 6.18, range 9.2-39.8) as compared to 13.52ng/ml (sd 3.79, range 7.9-27) for the neonates. 457 of the mothers were found to have sufficient, 101(18%) insufficient and 11(2%) deficient Vitamin D levels as per Endocrinological Society guidelines. In comparison, 535(94%) of the neonates had deficient levels, none of the neonates had sufficient Vitamin D levels, 34(5.99%) had insufficient levels. No significant correlation was found between maternal and neonatal serum vitamin 25(OH)D levels (r=0.007, P=0.85).Conclusions: Maternal and Cord blood serum Vitamin D3 levels were found to be poorly correlated in this study.

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Determination of Vitamin E in Foods and Feeds—A Collaborative Study

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/54.1.1 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stanley R Ames

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Tocopheryl Acetate ◽

Weighted Mean ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Supplemental Vitamin ◽

Reducing Substances ◽

Official Procedure

Abstract A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate a method for the determination of vitamin E in foods and feeds. Both the naturally occurring and the supplemental vitamin E are extracted from the sample by the appropriate procedure, the lipid residue is saponified, and α-tocopherol is isolated by TLC and determined colorimetrically. To determine supplemental a-tocopheryl acetate specifically, the sample is extracted by the appropriate procedure, reducing substances including natural atocopherol are removed by oxidative chromatography, the a-tocopheryl acetate is saponified, and the resulting a-tocopherol is determined colorimetrically. These assays for vitamin E in foods and feeds are neither rapid nor easy and considerable skill is required to obtain reliable results. Data reported by 7 collaborators on 7 samples indicate that the standard deviation among laboratories is not significant for the determination of total α-tocopherol but is significant for the determination of supplemental a-tocopheryl acetate. The weighted mean coefficients of variation were 11.0% for the determination of total a-tocopherol and 7.0% for the determination of supplemental a-tocopheryl acetate. Since an official procedure for the determination of vitamin E in foods and feeds is needed and since most laboratories were successful in carrying out the procedure, the Associate Referee recommends that the method as modified be adopted as official first action.

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Long Term Effects of Oral Vitamin E Supplement in Type II Diabetic Patients

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.75.5.341 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 341-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Boshtam ◽

Rafiei ◽

Golshadi ◽

Ani ◽

Shirani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Antioxidant Vitamin ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Cardiovascular Research

This triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine the effect of the vitamin E on fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum insulin, and glycated hemoglobin (GHb) in type II diabetic patients (NIDDM). A total of 100 patients, with no complications, aged 20–60 years old were chosen from those consulting the Isfahan Social Security Service Diabetes Clinic and divided randomly into two treated and placebo groups, and matched for age, sex, level of education, and occupation. The treated and placebo groups were given vitamin E tablets (200 IU/day) and placebo respectively. Serum vitamin E, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), FBS, insulin, and GHb were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study (a period of 27 weeks); FBS, GHb and insulin levels were also determined several times during the period. Blood lipids and FBS were measured using the ELAN 2000 autoanalyzer at the Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, while for measuring insulin the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used; GHb was determined calorimetrically (thiobarbituric acid), and for vitamin E measurements the Hansen and Warwick method was used, by which the vitamin E was determined fluorometrically. The findings of this study show no effect of vitamin E supplementation in the patients: GHb did not change appreciably, FBS was reduced nonsignificantly (–4.3% in the treated group vs. –14.0% in the placebo group, p < 0.05). In the case of insulin, no increase was seen; instead, a decrease was observed (slightly more than 17% in the two groups, p = 0.15). No changes were observed in the levels of blood lipids. It was concluded that a daily vitamin E supplement of 200 IU for a period of 27 weeks does not affect insulin, GHb, or FBS in type II diabetic patients. However, since this antioxidant vitamin is beneficial in other ways in these patients, it would seem justified to recommend its use. Certainly, more extensive research is necessary to draw definite conclusions.

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Maternal to fetal transfer of vitamin C and vitamin E: effect on birth outcome in a Nigerian population

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v7i4.14372 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 49-54

Author(s):

Ikechukwu Chidiebere Ikaraoha ◽

Nkeiruka Chigaekwu Mbadiwe ◽

John Ibhagbemien Anetor ◽

Constance Nnedimma Nwadike ◽

Isreal Ojareva Oforofuo

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Birth Outcome ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Birth Length ◽

Antioxidant Vitamin ◽

Cord Serum

Background: New evidence suggests that excessive production of reactive oxygen species give rise to oxidative stress which could impair fetal growth. Antioxidant vitamin C and vitamin E have vital role in physiological process of pregnancy and health of the developing fetus.Aims and Objectives: To determine the concentrations of vitamin C and vitamin E in pair-matched maternal and cord serum of newborns and to determine the relationship between maternal/cord serum vitamin C and vitamin E at delivery and birth outcomes.Materials and Methods: A total of 209 maternal and cord blood samples were collected during delivery for serum vitamin C and E determination. Birth outcomes; birth weight, birth length, head circumference, and Apgar score were determined.Result: Newborns had significantly higher levels of vitamin C as compared to their mothers, but had non-significant lower level of vitamin E. Levels of vitamin C and E in both maternal and cord serum were positively correlated to birth weight, birth length, head circumference and Apgar score.Conclusion: Maternal vitamin C and E had significant effects on birth outcomes. A positive correlation of vitamin C and E indicates that their status in mother does influence newborns status.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(4) 2016 49-54

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Protective role of supplemental vitamin E on lipid peroxidation, vitamins E, A and some mineral concentrations of broilers reared under heat stress

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/7870-vetmed ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 46 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 140-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

K. Sahin ◽

N. Sahin ◽

M. Onderci ◽

S. Yaralioglu ◽

O. Kucuk

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Management Practice ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Supplemental Vitamin ◽

Vitamin E Supplementation

An experiment utilizing Cobb-500 male broilers was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin E supplementation at various concentrations on malonyldialdehyde (MDA) as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, serum and liver concentrations of antioxidant vitamins and some minerals of broilers reared under heat stress (32°C). One day-old 150 male broilers were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups, 3 replicates of 10 birds each. The birds received either a basal diet or basal diet supplemented with vitamin E (dl-a-tocopherol acetate) at 62.5, 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg of diet. Increased supplemental vitamin E linearly increased serum vitamin E and A, but decreased (P = 0.001) MDA concentrations. Increasing dietary vitamin E supplementation also resulted in linear increases in liver vitamin E and A concentrations, but linear decreases in MDA concentrations (P = 0.01). Increasing dietary vitamin E caused a linear increase in serum concentrations of Fe and Zn (P= 0.001), but a decrease in serum concentration of Cu (P = 0.001). Results of the present study conclude that in broiler chicks reared under heat stress a 250 mg of vitamin E supplementation can be considered as a protective management practice in a broiler diet, reducing the negative effects of heat stress.

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Antioxidant vitamin status of obese patients in terms of the risk of comorbidities

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/omet10144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 22-32

Author(s):

Vera M. Kodentsova ◽

Oksana A. Vrzhesinskaya ◽

Olga V. Kosheleva ◽

Nina А. Beketova ◽

Khaider Kh. Sharafetdinov

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Optimal Level ◽

Research Centre ◽

Antioxidant Vitamin ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Vitamin Status ◽

Increased Risk

BACKGROUND: Synchronously optimized concentrations of vitamins C, E, A, carotenoids and their ratios in blood plasma help to prevent or slow down the development of many alimentary-dependent diseases and their complications. AIMS: to characterize the vitamin status of obese patients from the standpoint of the risk of progression of existing and development of associated diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational single-site cross-sectional study of the sufficiency with antioxidant vitamins in 81 patients (21 men, 60 women) aged 2075 years with body mass index 40,71,2 kg/m2, enrolled for treatment from April to June in Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology had been conducted. The concentration of - and -tocopherols, retinol, ascorbic acid, -carotene was determined in blood serum and their ratios with lipid profile were calculated. RESULTS: Indicators of vitamin status were determined in 35 patients with obesity, 27 patients with obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 19 patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The concentration of ascorbic acid in more than 50% of patients did not reach the optimal level (50 mol/l). Compared to patients of other groups, patients with T2DM were better supplied with vitamin E, but worse with other vitamins. They have a non-optimal ratio of concentrations of vitamin C and E more often compared with patients of other groups (p0.050). Among them, the combined suboptimal level of vitamin C and -carotene (0.4 mol/l) was detected 1.61.8 fold more often. The lack of antioxidants in patients with T2DM according to simultaneously reduced vitamin C/vitamin E ratio (1.5) and -carotene level was detected 3.3-fold more often, synchronously lowered vitamin C/vitamin E ratio and vitamin C level 2.4-fold. -tocopherol level in serum of patients with T2DM tended to increase compared with that in patients with obesity (p=0.063) and CVD (p=0.081), -tocopherol/triacylglycerides ratio was 1.5-fold higher (respectively р=0.009 и р=0.076). Only in 2 patients with obesity and 2 patients with CVD all serum indicators corresponded to the optimal level of all vitamins. In terms of -tocopherol/cholesterol (5 mol/mol), an increased risk of myocardial infarction was detected in 10.542.9% of the examined patients. Glucose level was positively associated with serum levels of - and -tocopherols, as well as cholesterol-adjusted individual tocopherols; while glycemia was inversely associated with triacylglycerides-standardized individual tocopherols, as well as -carotene and vitamin C/vitamin E ratio. CONCLUSIONS: In most patients, a non-optimal serum vitamin content was found according to one or several parameters. In order to vitamin C/vitamin E ratio, patients with T2DM need to increase vitamin C intake. Increasing serum -carotene and achieving an optimal C/E ratio will help to prevent an increase in glycemia.

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Nutritional Antioxidants and Lipid Profile in Newly Diagnosed Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v11i1.539 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Manjunatha Goud BK ◽

Sarsina Devi O ◽

Bhavna N ◽

Devaki RN ◽

Deepa K ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Control Group ◽

Antioxidant Vitamin ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Nutritional Antioxidants

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by symmetric erosive synovitis. The pathogenesis of bone erosion and joint deformities are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to find out vitamin C and E levels along with the lipid profile in newly diagnosed cases of RA. Materials and Methods: The patients for the study were selected from individuals attending the routine checkup in an Outpatient Department. Based on the criteria led by the American Rheumatism Association (ARA), the newly diagnosed patients were taken as cases and other normal individuals were taken as control group in the study. A total of 50 subjects were included in the study with the age group of 48 ± six years for both genders. Serum Vitamin-E was determined by the colorimetric method and serum Vitamin-C was estimated by the dinitro phenyl hydrazine method. Serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and VLDL levels were estimated by the enzymatic method. LDL- cholesterol was calculated by the Friedewald's formula. Results: The levels of nutritional antioxidants vitamin E and C were different significantly in RA patients compared to control group. The lipid profile parameters were also different significantly in RA patients compared to the controls. Conclusion: Patients with RA presented with an imbalance in the oxidant-antioxidant system that markedly increased lipid peroxidation products and significantly decreased lipid soluble antioxidant vitamin E. These changes might play a role in the tissue damage and inflammation process in this disease.

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