Children and Funerals

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 337-339
Author(s):  
John E. Schowalter
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Emotional Climate ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Burial Customs ◽  
Practical Guidelines

Death is the most inevitable and irrevocable problem that we face as physicians and human beings. Although many people seldom think about death, when the death of a close friend or relative does occur, everyone is confronted with a feeling of loss and reminder of his or her own mortality. The emotional reaction triggered by such a loss is called mourning. While in decades past it was debated whether or not children mourned, the consensus now is that they do, but not as completely or satisfactorily as adults. The manner in which children mourn is based on their level of development and on the emotional climate provided them. Almost without exception in our society, when a person dies, there is a funeral. More often than not parents do not know whether children should attend funerals. Because of this, they often ask pediatricians, but there is little published data that can be used as a guide for an intelligent response. The purpose of this review is to provide practical guidelines and suggestions that can be discussed with parents when this question arises. FUNERALS IN GENERAL The funeral is the most ancient rite known. Much of what we know about prehistoric cultures comes from burial customs that favored including everyday objects with the corpse.

“Only a Friend”

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iren Johnsen ◽  
Kari Dyregrov
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
Depth Interviews

Friendships are very important for human beings, and especially for young people, but few studies have explored the consequences of losing a close friend. To identify and help this often overlooked population of bereaved, we need more knowledge of their bereavement processes. This study is part of a larger longitudinal study which aims to increase awareness of bereaveds’ situation after the killings at Utøya, Norway, July 22, 2011. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 young adults on the experiences of losing their close friend. Themes identified were how circumstances of the event complicate the grieving, the daily experiences of the loss, and recognition of friends as bereaved. Findings show that the loss of a close friend has had a profound effect on the young people, and the loss of a friend is also a distinct loss that is not comparable to other losses.

scholarly journals Anthropometric measurement error and the assessment of nutritional status

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Ulijaszek ◽  
Deborah A. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Acceptable Error

Anthropometry involves the external measurement of morphological traits of human beings. It has a widespread and important place in nutritional assessment, and while the literature on anthropometric measurement and its interpretation is enormous, the extent to which measurement error can influence both measurement and interpretation of nutritional status is little considered. In this article, different types of anthropometric measurement error are reviewed, ways of estimating measurement error are critically evaluated, guidelines for acceptable error presented, and ways in which measures of error can be used to improve the interpretation of anthropometric nutritional status discussed. Possible errors are of two sorts; those that are associated with: (1) repeated measures giving the same value (unreliability, imprecision, undependability); and (2) measurements departing from true values (inaccuracy, bias). Imprecision is due largely to observer error, and is the most commonly used measure of anthropometric measurement error. This can be estimated by carrying out repeated anthropometric measures on the same subjects and calculating one or more of the following: technical error of measurement (TEM); percentage TEM, coefficient of reliability (R), and intraclass correlation coefficient. The first three of these measures are mathematically interrelated. Targets for training in anthropometry are at present far from perfect, and further work is needed in developing appropriate protocols for nutritional anthropometry training. Acceptable levels of measurement error are difficult to ascertain because TEM is age dependent, and the value is also related to the anthropometric characteristics of the group or population under investigation. R > 0·95 should be sought where possible, and reference values of maximum acceptable TEM at set levels of R using published data from the combined National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I and II (Frisancho, 1990) are given. There is a clear hierarchy in the precision of different nutritional anthropometric measures, with weight and height being most precise. Waist and hip circumference show strong between-observer differences, and should, where possible, be carried out by one observer. Skinfolds can be associated with such large measurement error that interpretation is problematic. Ways are described in which measurement error can be used to assess the probability that differences in anthropometric measures across time within individuals are due to factors other than imprecision. Anthropometry is an important tool for nutritional assessment, and the techniques reported here should allow increased precision of measurement, and improved interpretation of anthropometric data.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ANESTHESIA AND OF SEDATIVES ON THE SERUM THERAPY OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTULISM

1924 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques J. Bronfenbrenner ◽  
Harry Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Oxygen Mixture ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Similar Nature ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Oxygen ◽  
Usual Rate ◽  
Serum Therapy ◽  
Experimental Botulism

When guinea pigs are fed large amounts of botulinus toxin, they develop symptoms of intoxication within 6 hours and die usually within 12 hours after the feeding of toxin. If very large amounts of toxin are introduced intraperitoneally, the animals may show symptoms of intoxication at the end of the 1st hour and die usually within 2 hours following the administration of toxin. If these animals are placed under anesthesia following the administration of toxin, the intoxication proceeds much more slowly. Anesthesia, by ether, is effective in this manner whether the toxin is given per os or intraperitoneally. The life of guinea pigs kept under ether after the administration of lethal amounts of toxin is prolonged by a period approximately equal to that during which the administration of the anesthetic is continued. When anesthesia is discontinued, the intoxication proceeds at its usual rate. It appears, therefore, that administration of ether delays the rate of intoxication but does not alter the toxin or the nature of the mechanism of intoxication. Anesthesia thus delays the progress of intoxication not only when administered immediately after the intake of toxin, but when administered much later after the intoxication has already progressed far enough to cause definite objective symptoms of poisoning. At this late stage of intoxication, the unsupported serum therapy of botulism in guinea pigs usually remains without effect. If, however, the animals are anesthetized at this time and kept under the influence of ether for some time, antitoxin therapy becomes effective. Indeed the antitoxin treatment can be delayed further for several hours, provided the animal is kept under anesthesia during the interval. Results of a similar nature were obtained with luminal sodium, nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture, and morphine used in place of ether. In view of the fact that the published data indicate that botulinus antitoxin has thus far failed to give beneficial results in the treatment of botulism in human beings because, as it would seem, of the rapid progress of intoxication, any method of delaying the progress of intoxication to supplement the antitoxin therapy deserves consideration.

Ageism: a study of demographic diversity in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anselmo Ferreira Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Demographic Diversity ◽  
Age Bias ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Bias And Discrimination

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the demographic diversity of the so‐called 100 best companies to work for in Brazil and probe whether they exhibit any age bias and discrimination and, if so, in what degree it occurs.Design/methodology/approachDrawing predominantly on Great Place to Work® Institute Brazil lists, the author develops, through a historical research method, the analysis of the published data of those organizations over the decade between 1998 and 2008.FindingsThe results show that older workers were being sidelined by top‐tier organizations in Brazil. Further, the findings suggest that just some worker groups were being benefited by the 100 best organizations to work for; at the same time, it seemed that they are not interested in other ones.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough some triangulations were done with the Minister of Labor statistics, this investigation it is not completely exempt of bias. In light of this possibility, future research should focus on those organizations that show an undeniable age bias in their workforce demographic diversity composition.Practical implicationsThe paper argues that behind the ageism concept lies an inadequate appreciation for some human beings. As a result, organizations that are concerned with better corporate reputation and images should hunker down to eliminate the signals of ageism and the lack of demographic diversity within their workforces.Originality/valueThis paper shows the results of a qualitative research design focused on Brazilian corporate settings reality. It examines the demographic diversity of the 100 best companies to work for in that country and identifies, in which degree, age bias and discrimination were found inside them, specifically over the period between 1998 and 2008.

scholarly journals A Contemporary Approach of Las Meninas

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-149
Author(s):  
Irina-Andreea Stoleriu
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Royal Family ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contemporary Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Contemporary Artists

The present study is meant to underline the importance of a famous work from the baroque period, Las Meninas, made by the painter Diego de Silva y Velásquez who has become a source of inspiration for future generations of artists. Numerous modern and contemporary artists have integrally or partially ”paraphrased” Velásquez’s composition by intercepting the portrait of revolutionary group for the time when it was created, extremely innovative regarding its compositional qualities and its hidden meanings which underlined the role and status of the artist in the context of a conservative society. Thus, the painting becomes the living proof of the way in which the artist manages to overcome the limitations of the social status of ordinary human beings, by portraying himself as a close friend of the royal family and by opening, through this type of representation, an important chapter in the history of portraiture.

An Analytical Study On Air Pollution: Perspective Of The Environmental

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-506
Author(s):  
Aleti Rajashekar Reddy ◽  
Jaipal Reddy Battu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Ecological Ethic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Significant Factors

Analyzed that the Scientists and Geographers have provided scientific and meteorological evidence of patterns of alter into climatic circumstances of the globe with the resulting conclusion that the global warming is quickly happening & the on-going global warming is anthropogenic into the nature since people continue to extremely burn that fossil fuel as Oil & Gas; Coal & fuel wood. In this paper has to recognize how obtained to that point of forthcoming catastrophe, how susceptible Indians have, particularly those who live into the environmentally deprived regions. The consequence of this alters over the socio-economic growth of people will too investigated whereas adaptation developmental practices that can be adopted into the order to alleviate impending disaster will be proffered. The study made exercise of both primary & secondary data on result of the climate change phenomenon & relevant already published data on nature & consequence of climate change into the India. Now a day’s problem of environment degradation is increasing so there is need to control over it. Explained that the magistrates has opined that the right of human beings over ecological safeguard over countenances of similar coin. During the modern India, ecological Jurisprudence is plays pivotal role to safeguard of environment from degradation. The damage reasoned towards the environment by the poisonous gases & secretions, industrial sewages, plastic squander, misuse of natural resources such as forests, soil, water supplemented through other equally significant factors such as population explosion, poverty, health danger, disintegration into quality of existence have gained disturbing measurement that cry to novel ecological ethic command & justice into the Indian

scholarly journals Object Tracking Devices using Android Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 2164-2168
Author(s):  
Erukulla Eshwar
Keyword(s):  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Android Application ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Device Model ◽  
Web Standards ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tracking Devices

Millions of smart devices are mushrooming in this digital environment to meet the difficulties posed by innovations and technological advancements in ubiquitous computing. All of these smart gadgets are exposed to everyday objects that are linked to the Internet. Web of Things is a term that defines how various objects are connected to the Internet and communicate with one another using web standards. The emergence of omnipresent systems makes human beings' jobs easier. People were able to live lavish existence in the most comfortable environment because of these inventions. Finally, everyone began to keep their valuables in accordance with their activities inside the house or at work, and they began to hide them under misplaced or lost belongings. Every house has a history of searching for keys, wallets, pen drives, and hand purses, which may be a time-consuming task, especially during times of high demand. A device model is presented to reduce this effort and save time by allowing lost objects to be tracked and traced out. The suggested work serves as a foundational notion for describing how to track items in a practical manner. This is a basic device model that describes how to track an object using an Android mobile device and a Wi-Fi connection with the Blynk app and GPS controllers.

scholarly journals Management of the Patient with Heart Failure and an Implantable Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamic Sensor

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Abraham ◽  
◽  
Patrick J. McCann ◽  
Maya E. Guglin ◽  
Arvind Bhimaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Vascular Physiology ◽  
Monitoring Platform ◽  
Guided Therapy

Abstract Purpose of Review Heart failure (HF) management guided by hemodynamics obtained from an implantable pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) sensor (CardioMEMS) improves symptoms and reduces HF hospitalizations (HFH). This paper reviews the theoretical basis of pulmonary vascular physiology, summarizes recently published data about CardioMEMS, and provides practical guidelines for patient selection and management. Recent Findings Compared to patients managed by standard care, HF patients randomized to PAP-guided treatment have a higher frequency of medication adjustments, resulting in lower PAP and fewer HFH. Real-world analyses further support associations between implant of the CardioMEMS sensor with reductions in PAP, hospitalizations, and mortality. Summary Implantable, wireless hemodynamic sensor technology is a promising remote monitoring platform for chronic HF. A phased approach using a treatment algorithm may improve the efficiency and effectiveness of pressure-guided therapy.

scholarly journals Clinical utility of peptide microarrays in the serodiagnosis of neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a diagnostic test accuracy systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e042279
Author(s):  
Arthur Vengesai ◽  
Thajasvarie Naicker ◽  
Maritha Kasambala ◽  
Herald Midzi ◽  
Tariro Mduluza-Jokonya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Peptide Microarrays ◽  
Sub Saharan

IntroductionNeglected tropical diseases tend to cluster in the same poor populations and, to make progress with their control, they will have to be dealt with in an integrated manner. Peptide microarrays may be a solution to these problems, where diagnosis for co-infection can be detected simultaneously using the one tool. A meta-analysis using hierarchical models will be performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of peptide microarrays for detecting schistosomiasis (Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium), soil-transmitted helminths (Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides and Necator americanus), trachoma (Chlamydia trachomatis), lymphatic filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti) and onchocerciasis (Onchocerca volvulus) in people residing in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods and analysisA comprehensive search of the following databases will be performed: Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialised Register, PubMed, EMBASE and The Web of Science. Studies comparing peptide microarrays with a reference standard from a random or consecutive series of patients will be included in the study. Two review authors will independently screen titles and abstracts for relevance, assess full-text articles for inclusion and carry out data extraction using a tailored data extraction form. The quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool will be used to assess the quality of the selected studies. The bivariate model and the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve model will be performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the peptide microarrays. Meta-regression analyses will be performed to investigate heterogeneity across studies.Ethics and disseminationThere is no requirement for ethical approval because the work will be carried out using previously published data, without human beings involvement. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and in conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020175145.

scholarly journals Invisible to Visible: Identifying the Emerging Communication Needs in the ‘New Normal’ through Design Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-311
Author(s):  
Simge Esin Orhun ◽  
Yasemin Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Abductive Reasoning ◽  
Italo Calvino ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Behavioral Transformations

The pandemic, which started at the end of 2019, has affected societies in their own          socio-cultural contexts and altered the interactions of human beings through their use of personal spaces and objects. Changes in the design of a wide range of objects varying from small tools to urban furniture are anticipated, as the “new normal” will be fully established in the coming months and years. We believe that each individual is recognized to be affected by a different aspect of pandemic, which yielded the fact that for such cases the paradigm for design may shift to favor user needs more than maintaining usability. This study examined the personal behavioral transformations after the acceptance of “new normal” and how these would be reflected on the design of everyday objects, tools or spaces. In order to address this problem, we developed design research method that was based on the tales of utopic cities found in the novel Invisible Cities, by Italo Calvino. In this method, students, who already started living under the requirements of curfew, were guided to turn inwards and relate with their needs that arouse in the pandemic period with one selected city narrative and try to find design solutions based on the metaphorical narration and language used in the selected story. From the analysis of 17 works based on abductive reasoning, we obtained results in two different categories: (i) 5 generic cases supported by user scenarios, (ii) 3 groups of artifacts interacted by analogue means.

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