scholarly journals Effect of gold and silver nanoparticles on the morpho-functional state of the epididymis and prostate gland in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
V. Y. Kalynovskyi ◽  
A. S. Pustovalov ◽  
G. Y. Grodzyuk ◽  
N. S. Andriushyna ◽  
M. E. Dzerzhynsky
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Sodium Polyphosphate ◽  
Gold And Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Histological Changes

Metals are widely used in modern medicine: iron, copper, zinc, vanadium, titanium – all of them are vital for treatment of different diseases. Recently a new field of medical technology has emerged, which focuses on the biomedical application of metallic nanoparticles, with a particular interest in a gold and silver-based materials. These structures are already used for photothermal anticancer therapy, drug delivery, bioimaging, radiosensitizers and as drugs themselves. Despite the wide usage of nanoparticles, we still don’t know much about the toxicity of nanomaterials. Nanotoxicological studies are mainly carried out in vitro, but in vivo effects are still elusive. Hence, we focused on the reproductive toxicity of gold and silver nanosized particles. Spherical 10–15 nm gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized through the reduction of sodium tetrachloroaurate (III) and silver nitrate respectively with ascorbic acid in the presence of sodium polyphosphate as a coating and stabilizing agent. Next, these particles were administered intraperitoneally to the young and adult animals (1- and 6-months old respectively) at 1 mg/kg dose for 10 days. As quantitative markers of functional activity, we used the diameter of epididymal tubules, height and the nuclear cross-section of epididymal epitheliocytes and relative volume of the prostatic epithelium. We showed that intraperitoneal administrations of nanogold to young animals caused no significant histological changes, although we found a decrease in the nuclear cross-sectional area of epididymal epitheliocytes. At the same time, nanogold caused more morphometric changes in adult animals. Similar results were obtained from the nanosilver groups. Silver nanoparticles caused an observable decrease of sperm quantity in the lumen of epididymal tubules with a simultaneous increase in the number of extraepididymal cells in young animals. Morphometric parameters of the epididymis and prostate also decreased. Administration of nanosilver to adult animals also downregulated the morpho-functional state of both organs, although no histological changes were found. We showed that both nanogold and nanosilver can cause adverse effects on the functional activity of the epididymis and prostate of rats. It is worth mentioning that silver nanoparticles were generally more toxic than the gold ones, which correlates with their known mechanism of cellular action. Although the exact mechanisms of gold and silver action require further study, our results are useful for practical usage of nanomaterials in biomedical and clinical practice. 

scholarly journals Photochemical Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles—A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4585
Author(s):  
Nicole Jara ◽  
Nataly S. Milán ◽  
Ashiqur Rahman ◽  
Lynda Mouheb ◽  
Daria C. Boffito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Photochemical Synthesis ◽  
Gold And Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Sophisticated Equipment

Nanomaterials have supported important technological advances due to their unique properties and their applicability in various fields, such as biomedicine, catalysis, environment, energy, and electronics. This has triggered a tremendous increase in their demand. In turn, materials scientists have sought facile methods to produce nanomaterials of desired features, i.e., morphology, composition, colloidal stability, and surface chemistry, as these determine the targeted application. The advent of photoprocesses has enabled the easy, fast, scalable, and cost- and energy-effective production of metallic nanoparticles of controlled properties without the use of harmful reagents or sophisticated equipment. Herein, we overview the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles via photochemical routes. We extensively discuss the effect of varying the experimental parameters, such as the pH, exposure time, and source of irradiation, the use or not of reductants and surfactants, reagents’ nature and concentration, on the outcomes of these noble nanoparticles, namely, their size, shape, and colloidal stability. The hypothetical mechanisms that govern these green processes are discussed whenever available. Finally, we mention their applications and insights for future developments.

scholarly journals Flower-Based Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles: Applications beyond Fragrance

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh Kumar ◽  
Kanchan Bhardwaj ◽  
Kamil Kuča ◽  
Anu Kalia ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gold And Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Metal Metal

Green synthesis has gained wide attention as a sustainable, reliable, and eco-friendly approach to the synthesis of a variety of nanomaterials, including hybrid materials, metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, and bioinspired materials. Plant flowers contain diverse secondary compounds, including pigments, volatile substances contributing to fragrance, and other phenolics that have a profound ethnobotanical relevance, particularly in relation to the curing of diseases by ‘Pushpa Ayurveda’ or floral therapy. These compounds can be utilized as potent reducing agents for the synthesis of a variety of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), such as gold, silver, copper, zinc, iron, and cadmium. Phytochemicals from flowers can act both as reducing and stabilizing agents, besides having a role as precursor molecules for the formation of NPs. Furthermore, the synthesis is mostly performed at ambient room temperatures and is eco-friendly, as no toxic derivatives are formed. The NPs obtained exhibit unique and diverse properties, which can be harnessed for a variety of applications in different fields. This review reports the use of a variety of flower extracts for the green synthesis of several types of metallic nanoparticles and their applications. This review shows that flower extract was mainly used to design gold and silver nanoparticles, while other metals and metal oxides were less explored in relation to this synthesis. Flower-derived silver nanoparticles show good antibacterial, antioxidant, and insecticidal activities and can be used in different applications.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Efficacy of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Functionalized with the Ubiquicidin (29–41) Antimicrobial Peptide

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Morales-Avila ◽  
Guillermina Ferro-Flores ◽  
Blanca E. Ocampo-García ◽  
Gustavo López-Téllez ◽  
Johnny López-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Nanoparticle Concentration ◽  
Gold And Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
High Affinity

Recent studies have demonstrated that drug antimicrobial activity is enhanced when metallic nanoparticles are used as an inorganic support, obtaining synergic effects against microorganisms. The cationic antimicrobial peptide ubiquicidin 29–41 (UBI) has demonstrated high affinity and sensitivity towards fungal and bacterial infections. The aim of this research was to prepare and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of engineered multivalent nanoparticle systems based on silver or gold nanoparticles functionalized with UBI. Spectroscopy techniques demonstrated that NPs were functionalized with UBI mainly through interactions with the -NH2 groups. A significant increase in the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was obtained with the conjugate AgNP-UBI with regard to that of AgNP. No inhibition of bacterial growth was observed with AuNP and AuNP-UBI using a nanoparticle concentration of up to 182 μg mL−1. Nonetheless, silver nanoparticles conjugated to the UBI antimicrobial peptide may provide an alternative therapy for topical infections.

scholarly journals Investigation of Nanoparticle Metallic Core Antibacterial Activity: Gold and Silver Nanoparticles against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1905
Author(s):  
Jimmy Gouyau ◽  
Raphaël E. Duval ◽  
Ariane Boudier ◽  
Emmanuel Lamouroux
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Gold And Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
High Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria constitute a global health issue. Over the past ten years, interest in nanoparticles, particularly metallic ones, has grown as potential antibacterial candidates. However, as there is no consensus about the procedure to characterize the metallic nanoparticles (MNPs; i.e., metallic aggregates) and evaluate their antibacterial activity, it is impossible to conclude about their real effectiveness as a new antibacterial agent. To give part of the answer to this question, 12 nm gold and silver nanoparticles have been prepared by a chemical approach. After their characterization by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and UltraViolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, their surface accessibility was tested through the catalytic reduction of the 4-nitrophenol, and their stability in bacterial culture medium was studied. Finally, the antibacterial activities of 12 nm gold and silver nanoparticles facing Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli have been evaluated using the broth microdilution method. The results show that gold nanoparticles have a weak antibacterial activity (i.e., slight inhibition of bacterial growth) against the two bacteria tested. In contrast, silver nanoparticles have no activity on S. aureus but demonstrate a high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 128 µmol/L. This high antibacterial activity is also maintained against two MDR-E. coli strains.

Simultaneously Synthesis and Encapsulation of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Linear–Dendritic Block Copolymers of Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(citric acid)

2011 ◽  
Vol 478 ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashkan Tavakoli Naeini ◽  
Manouchehr Vossoughi ◽  
Mohsen Adeli
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Gold And Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Linear-dendritic triblock copolymers of linear poly(ethylene glycol) and hyperbranched poly(citric acid) (PCA-PEG-PCA) were used as the reducing and capping agents to encapsulate gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs). PCA-PEG-PCA copolymers in four different molecular weights were synthesized using 2, 5, 10 and 20 citric acid/PEG molar ratios and were called A1, A2, A3 and A4, respectively. Nanoparticles were encapsulated simultaneously during the preparation process. AuNPs were simply synthesized and encapsulated by addition a boiling aqueous solution of HAuCl4 to aqueous solutions of A1, A2, A3 and A4. In the case of silver, an aqueous solution of AgNO3 was reduced using NaBH4 and AgNPs were encapsulated simultaneously by adding aqueous solutions of different PCA-PEG-PCA to protect the fabricated silver nanoparticles from aggregation. Encapsulated AuNPs and AgNPs were stable in water for several months and agglomeration did not occur. The synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles have been encapsulated within PCA-PEG-PCA macromolecules and have been studied using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. Studies reveal that there was a reverse relation between the size of synthesized AuNPs/AgNPs and the size of citric acid parts of PCA-PEG-PCA copolymers. For example, the prepared gold and silver nanoparticles by A3 copolymer are of an average size of 8 nm and 16 nm respectively. Finally, the loading capacity of A1, A2, A3 and A4 and the size of synthesized AuNPs and AgNPs were investigated using UV/Vis data and the corresponding calibration curve. It was found that the loading capacity of copolymers depends directly on the concentration of copolymers and their molecular weight.

scholarly journals Invertebrate Water Extracts as Biocompatible Reducing Agents for the Green Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800
Author(s):  
Lina Han ◽  
Yeong Shik Kim ◽  
Seonho Cho ◽  
Youmie Park
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Gold And Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Novel Applications

We report the use of water extracts of two invertebrates, snail body and earthworm, as biocompatible reducing agents for the green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. The reaction conditions were optimized by varying the extract concentration, gold ion or silver ion concentration, reaction time, and reaction temperature. The gold and silver nanoparticles exhibited their characteristic surface plasmon resonance bands. Mostly spherical and amorphous shapes of the nanoparticles were synthesized. The average diameters of the gold and silver nanoparticles were 4.56 ± 1.81 nm and 11.12 ± 5.25 nm, respectively, when the extract of snail body was used as the reducing agent. The earthworm extracts produced gold and silver nanoparticles with average diameters of 6.70 ± 2.69 nm and 12.19 ± 4.28 nm, respectively. This report suggests that the invertebrate natural products have potential as biocompatible reducing agents for the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. This utility would open up novel applications of invertebrate natural products as nanocomposites and in nanomedicine.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Noble Nanoparticles for Wound Repair

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timur Saliyev ◽  
Gulsim Kulsharova ◽  
Alma Akhmetova ◽  
Talgat Nurgozhin ◽  
Sergey Mikhalovsky
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Gold And Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Covalent Bonds

Introduction. Nanoparticles made of noble metals, such as gold and silver, have a great potential to be effectively employed for wound management. The nano-size of such particles provides an opportunity to enlarge the contacting area, which results in more effective anti-bacterial action and faster wound repair. It must be noted that the shape of noble nanoparticles might play a crucial role in the manifestation of their anti-microbial properties. The modern state of technology allows fabrication of the nanoparticles with the desired shape and physical properties. In order to provide efficacy and close contact with the wound, the noble nanoparticles can be incorporated into a special matrix made of a cryogel (based on polymethyl methacrylate). This combination might serve as a foundation for developing completely new types of wound dressing.Materials and methods. We have developed a few methods for synthesizing gold and silver nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes. After fabrication of metallic nanoparticles, they were characterized by using Tunneling Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Malvern Zetasizer system in order to determine the average population size and consistency. The silver nanoparticles was synthesized using sodium borohydride reduction of silver nitrate. The synthesis of gold nanoparticles was conducted by using the Turkevich method.Results. We have developed a synthetic cryogel based on polyacrylamide (by cryogelation reaction) at several temperatures. At the second step, we developed a method for conjugating fabricated gold and silver nanoparticles to the surface (or pores) of cryogel through covalent bonds so they can provide antibacterial action within the wound. By following the developed protocol, we were able to obtain an approximate cryogel layer (1 cm thickness) with embedded gold and silver nanoparticles. This conjugate was analyzed and confirmed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and TEM.Discussion. The obtained results indicate the feasibility of the fabrication of a novel type of wound dressing. At the next step, we are planning to elucidate the bio-compatibility of the combination of cryogel and nanoparticles. Moreover, anti-bacterial properties of this new type of wound dressing will be analyzed. 

Histological Comparative of Kidney of Neonatal Mice Exposed to Silver Nanoparticles During Fetal Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najat F. Mohammed Salih ◽  
Gazwa D. Al-Nakeeb
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Neonatal Kidney ◽  
Glomerular Tuft

This study aimed to compare the histological changes in the neonatal kidney after their mothers exposed to different doses of silver nanoparticles colloidal solution (AgNPs) during the three stages of pregnancy. Pregnant Swiss albino mice (n=60) were randomly divided into three treated groups. They were intraperitoneally injected with AgNPs for 7 days during each stage of the gestational period. The newborn mice were sacrificed immediately after the birth, and the kidneys were being collected for histopathological analysis. The results showed that the AgNPs caused histological changes in the neonatal kidneys; vacuolation of some renal vesicles and cortical tubules, cystic tubular dilation, glomerular tuft shrinkage, and focal tubular necrosis in the first week-dose exposed pregnant. Disintegrating of immature glomeruli, distention of Bowman’s space of mature glomeruli, tubular necrosis, loss of renal parenchyma, medullar tubules containing hyaline casts, and subcapsular haemorrhage in the second week-dose exposed pregnant. Massive hypercellularity in the deeper part of the renal cortex, cortical and medullary tubules dilation, atrophy of subcapsular immature tubules, cortical cyst formation, glomerular tuft necrosis, dilation of Bowman’s space with evidence of crescent formation, and medullar portion replaced by scant loose connective tissue containing few numbers of tubules the third week-dose exposed pregnant. The results showed that the AgNPs has more negative effects on the kidney development at the third week-high dose and comparing the histological changes in the neonatal kidney were appeared in a time-depended manner and in a dosedepended manner. More researches must be carried out to obtain better understanding of AgNPs toxicity on fetal development and its ability as a teratogenic agent to induce external and internal abnormalities in the fetus.

Biomedical Applications and Patents on Metallic Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetanjali Singh ◽  
Pramod Kumar Sharma ◽  
Rishabha Malviya
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Aim/Objective: The author writes the manuscript by reviewing the literatures related to the biomedical application of metallic nanoparticles. The term metal nanoparticles are used to describe the nanosized metals with the dimension within the size range of 1-100 nm. Methods: The preparation of metallic nanoparticles and their application is an influential area for research. Among various physical and chemical methods (viz. chemical reduction, thermal decomposition, etc.) for synthesizing silver nanoparticles, biological methods have been suggested as possible eco-friendly alternatives. The synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is having many problems inclusive of solvent toxicity, the formation of hazardous byproducts and consumption of energy. So it is important to design eco-friendly benign procedures for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Results: From the literature survey, we concluded that metallic nanoparticles have applications in the treatment of different diseases. Metallic nanoparticles are having a great advantage in the detection of cancer, diagnosis, and therapy. And it can also have properties such as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-angiogenic. Conclusion: In this review, recent upcoming advancement of biomedical application of nanotechnology and their future challenges has been discussed.

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