scholarly journals ImageJ software as an alternative method for estimating leaf area in oats

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Newton Martin ◽  
Glauber Monçon Fipke ◽  
José Eduardo Minussi Winck ◽  
José Abramo Marchese
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Imagej Software

The aim of this study was to compare two methods of estimating leaf area (leaf area meter LI-COR 3100 and ImageJ software) in oats. Renascem black oats and UTF Iguaçu white oats cultivars were evaluated. All the leaves of one plant per plot, with six repetitions, were evaluated every seven days to obtain five assessments for each cultivar. The leaves were identified and fixed on a white A4 sheet of paper with an indication of a known area (45 cm²), photographed and evaluated using a leaf area meter (LI-3100 - LI-COR). Leaf area was then estimated using ImageJ software. Estimates were obtained for standard deviation and coefficient of variation, and a simple linear regression equation was estimated based on the two estimation methods. Mean variances were tested using the ‘F’-test and the means compared by the ‘t’-test. There was no difference between the leaf areas found by both methods. In addition, they were highly correlated, and variances were homogeneous. We concluded that ImageJ software can be used instead of the leaf area meter on the two oat cultivars evaluated.

scholarly journals Diagrammatic scale to assess downy mildew severity in melon

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami J Michereff ◽  
Marissônia A Noronha ◽  
Gaus SA Lima ◽  
Ígor CL Albert ◽  
Edilaine A Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Pseudoperonospora Cubensis ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Severity Levels ◽  
Diagrammatic Scale

The downy mildew, caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is an important melon disease in Northeast Brazil. Considering the lack of standard methods for its assessment, a diagrammatic scale was developed with 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 82, and 96% of affected leaf area. The scale was then checked for its accuracy, precision, and reproducibility in estimating downy mildew severity. The diagrammatic scale was validated by eight disease raters; using 50 leaves with different severity levels, previously measured using the software Assess®. Two evaluations were performed on the same set of leaves, but in a different sequence order, by the same raters, within a 15-day interval. The accuracy and precision of each rater was determined by simple linear regression between the actual and the estimated severity. The scale provided good levels of accuracy (means of 87.5%) and excellent levels of precision (means of 94%), with absolute errors concentrated around 10%. Raters showed great repeatability (means of 94%) and reproducibility (>90% in 90.3% of cases) of estimates. Therefore, we could conclude that the diagrammatic scale presented here was suitable for evaluating downy mildew severity in melon.

The Effect of Compensation on Employee Performance at Kreasindo Jaya Abadi

FOCUS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Elis Silmi ◽  
Rudy Susanto ◽  
Ismail Dwi Cahyo
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Performance Variable ◽  
Moderate Relationship

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of compensation on employee performance. The method used is a quantitative research method with the number of samples used is 54 respondents. The sampling technique was done by random sampling. The results of the study: The correlation coefficient (rxy) was 0.46. This shows that there is a moderate relationship between the variables of Compensation and Employee Performance at Kreasindo Jaya Abadi; Compensation variable contributes to Employee Performance variable by 21.16% and the remaining 78.84% is contributed by other variables; We get a simple linear regression equation Y = 18.30 + 0.5082X. The results of the hypothesis analysis show the value of t count > t table (3.7353 > 1.6747), so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. So, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between the Compensation variable and the Employee Performance variable.

scholarly journals The Mechanics of Omitted Variable Bias: Bias Amplification and Cancellation of Offsetting Biases

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Steiner ◽  
Yongnam Kim
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Confounding Bias ◽  
Omitted Variable Bias ◽  
Variable Bias ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Practical Implications

AbstractCausal inference with observational data frequently requires researchers to estimate treatment effects conditional on a set of observed covariates, hoping that they remove or at least reduce the confounding bias. Using a simple linear (regression) setting with two confounders – one observed (X), the other unobserved (U) – we demonstrate that conditioning on the observed confounder X does not necessarily imply that the confounding bias decreases, even if X is highly correlated with U. That is, adjusting for X may increase instead of reduce the omitted variable bias (OVB). Two phenomena can cause an increasing OVB: (i) bias amplification and (ii) cancellation of offsetting biases. Bias amplification occurs because conditioning on X amplifies any remaining bias due to the omitted confounder U. Cancellation of offsetting biases is an issue whenever X and U induce biases in opposite directions such that they perfectly or partially offset each other, in which case adjusting for X inadvertently cancels the bias-offsetting effect. In this article we discuss the conditions under which adjusting for X increases OVB, and demonstrate that conditioning on X increases the imbalance in U, which turns U into an even stronger confounder. We also show that conditioning on an unreliably measured confounder can remove more bias than the corresponding reliable measure. Practical implications for causal inference will be discussed.

scholarly journals علاقة بين البيئة التعليمية ورغبة تعلم اللغة العربية

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Khaira Fatma ◽  
Aina Salsabila
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
High Category ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to determine the educational environment, interesting in learning Arabic and the relationship between both are in learning Arabic for students of class VIII ofMTsN 1 Lhokseumawe. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method to collect data. The research instrument is a questionnaire distributed online with the help of google form. The population amounted to 267 students and the sample is 25% of the population, there are 66 students. The data were analyzed using a simple linear regression formula with the help of the SPSS program. The results of this study indicate that the educational environment of class VIII students of MTsN 1 Lhokseumawe is in the high category with an average of 135.71 with a standard deviation of 10,185. Meanwhile, the average student’s interest in learning Arabic is in the high category, with an average of 71.67 and a standard deviation of 9,907. This study also found that there was no relationship between the two variables or no relationship between the educational environment and the students' interest in learning Arabic in class VIII MTsN 1 Lhokseumawe

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. BANK DANAMON INDONESIA, TBK CABANG SIMPANG PASAR BAWAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-349
Author(s):  
Nana Dianita
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of competence on the performance of employees at PT. Bank Danamon Indonesia, Tbk Cabang Simpang Pasar Bawah. The sample in this study were all employees at PT. Bank Danamon Indonesia, Tbk Cabang Simpang Pasar Bawah totaling 34 people. While the variables studied in this research is the competence and performance. Analysis of data using simple linear regression method using validity, reliability, R2 and t test. The tests are conducted to determine the relationship between the independent variables (independent variables) and dependent variable (dependent variable). Based on research results the effect of competence on the performance of employees with correlation value R = 0,656 which indicates a close relationship between the effect of competence on the performance of employees at PT. Bank Danamon Indonesia, Tbk Cabang Simpang Pasar Bawah. While the R-square at 0,430 which can competence has contributed of 43% to the performance of employees at . Bank Danamon Indonesia, Tbk Cabang Simpang Pasar Bawah. Partially acquired competence variable positive and significant effect on the performance employees at . Bank Danamon Indonesia, Tbk Cabang Simpang Pasar Bawah with simple linear regression equation as follows: Y = 18,342 + 0,627X significantly smaller 0,000 than alpha 0,05. The conclusion of this study that partial hypothesis between variables competence on performance employees is proven and can be accepted as true

scholarly journals Pengaruh Etos Kerja Islam Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Pada Waroeng Steak and Shake Surabaya

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Harjanto Saputro ◽  
Ari Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Employee Satisfaction ◽  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Work Ethics ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Independent Variable

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of Islamic work ethics to the employee Satisfaction on Waroeng Steak & Shake in Surabaya. This study used questionnaires in primary data collection and quantitative approaches. Experiments were done using simple linear regression, where the dependent variable (Y) is the employee work satisfaction and the independent variable (X) is Islamic work ethics. The research sample were taken by census. The research sample was 33 employees working in Waroeng Steak & Shake Surabaya.Based on the findings, it obtained simple linear regression equation : Y = 0,929 + 0,684X. The magnitude of the influence of Islamic work ethics to the employees work satisfaction on Waroeng Steak & Shake in Surabaya is the R2 value of 0,423 (42,3%). The result show that employee work satisfaction on Waroeng Steak & Shake in Surabaya significantly affect by Islamic work ethics.

scholarly journals The Effect of Leadership Style on Employee Performance of the PPIC Division of PT. Prima Components Indonesia BSD-Tangerang

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Suyatin Suyatin
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Simple Linear Regression

The automotive industry is one of the mainstay sectors whose development continues to be prioritized. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leadership style on the performance of the employees of PT. Prima Components Indonesia BSD-Tangerang. The research method uses quantitative, saturated sampling, which means that the entire population is sampled as many as 45 respondents. Statistical tests use simple linear regression equations, correlation coefficient tests, determination coefficient tests, and significance tests. The results of the study found that there was an influence of leadership style on the performance of employees of the PPIC Division of the Department of PT. Prima Components Indonesia BSD-Tangerang, based on the results of data analysis shows that from the correlation of 0.619 it can be concluded that there is a strong influence between leadership style on the employee performance of the PPIC Division of the Department of PT. Prima Components Indonesia BSD-Tangerang, The results of the coefficient of the determination indicate that the leadership style contributes 38.3% to employee performance, the remaining 61.7% is influenced by other variables. Simple linear regression equation Y = 1.454 + 0.629X In the hypothesis test tcount 5.163> ttable 1.68 then Ho is rejected H1 is accepted, meaning that there is a significant influence between leadership style on employee performance at the PPIC Department of PT. Prima Components Indonesia BSD-Tangerang.

scholarly journals Linear Regression Estimation Methods for Inferring Standard Values of Snow Load in Small Sample Situations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xudong Wang ◽  
Jitao Yao
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Point Estimation ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Unbiased Estimation ◽  
Regression Estimation ◽  
Snow Load ◽  
Standard Values

The aim of this paper is to establish a new method for inferring standard values of snow load in small sample situations. Due to the incomplete meteorological data in some areas, it is often necessary to infer the standard values of snow load in the conditions of small samples in engineering, but the point estimation methods of classical statistics adopted till now do not take into account the influences of statistical uncertainty, and the inference results are always aggressive. In order to overcome the above shortcomings, according to the basic principle of optimal linear unbiased estimation and invariant estimation of the minimum type I distribution parameters and the tantile, using the least square method, the linear regression estimation methods for inferring standard values of snow load in small sample situations are proposed, which can take into account two cases such as parameter-free and known coefficient of variation, and the predicted formulas of snow load standard values are given, respectively. Through numerical integration and Monte Carlo numerical simulation, the numerical table of correlation coefficients is established, which is more convenient for the direct application of inferential formulas. According to the results of theoretical analysis and examples, when using the indirect point estimation methods to infer the standard values of snow load in the conditions of small samples, the inference results are always small. The linear regression estimation method is suitable for inferring standard values of snow load in the conditions of small samples, which can give more reasonable results. When using the linear regression estimation to infer standard values of snow load in practical application, even if the coefficient of variation is unknown, it can set the upper limit value of the coefficient of variation according to the experience; meanwhile, according to the parameter-free and known coefficient of variation, the estimation is carried out, respectively, and the smaller value of the two is taken as the final estimate. The method can be extended to the statistical inference of variable load standard values such as wind load and floor load.

The Effect of Endorser Credibility on Purchasing Decisions of NEO Coffee Products (Study of the 2019 Palembang NCTzen Community Members Who Consumed NEO Coffee Products)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
R.A. Andina ◽  
Nurly Meilinda
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Endorser Credibility

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an influence of endorser credibility on purchasing decisions of NEO Coffee products and how much influence is given. The theory used to measure the effect of endorser credibility (independent variable) is the TEARS Model Theory proposed by Shimp (2014) and for purchasing decisions of NEO Coffee products (dependent variable) using Kotler and Keller's (2009) theory. The method applied is a quantitative method with descriptive analysis techniques and explanatory techniques that use simple linear regression parametric statistical analysis tools. Data collection was carried out through the distribution of questionnaires to 70 respondents of the 2019 Palembang NCTzen Community Consumers who consumed NEO Coffee Products with a purposive sampling technique. The findings from the analysis of the data in this study were obtained through hypothesis testing using the ???? test that itungcount greater than abeltable where itungcount 8.404> abeltable 1.994, which means that there is an influence of endorser credibility on purchasing decisions of NEO Coffee products, and the effect exerted at 50.9 % and the rest are influenced by other factors. The linear regression equation obtained is ????̂ = 8.269 + 0.879 ???? which means that each addition of one endorser credibility value will give an increase of 0.879 to the decision of purchasing NEO Coffee products among 2019 NCTzen Palembang community members who consume NEO Coffee products.

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