scholarly journals Important forgotten earthquakes for Medellin

2014 ◽  
pp. 69-70
Author(s):  
José Humberto Caballero Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
The City

The aim of this little paper is to disseminate between regional geoscientists an historical data about an earthquake or swarm of earthquakes, felt in what is now the city of Medellín, in 1730. As far as is known, this event has not been reported before in available historical catalogs. It is important to understand the seismic hazard of the city and the region. An brief analysis is made with the limited published historical information.

scholarly journals Seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of Kolkata City, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1103-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Nath ◽  
M. D. Adhikari ◽  
N. Devaraj ◽  
S. K. Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Building Typology ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Structural Risk ◽  
Risk Maps ◽  
The City

Abstract. The city of Kolkata is one of the most urbanized and densely populated regions in the world and a major industrial and commercial hub of the eastern and northeastern region of India. In order to classify the seismic risk zones of Kolkata we used seismic hazard exposures on the vulnerability components, namely land use/land cover, population density, building typology, age and height. We microzoned seismic hazard of the city by integrating seismological, geological and geotechnical themes in GIS, which in turn are integrated with the vulnerability components in a logic-tree framework for the estimation of both the socioeconomic and structural risk of the city. In both the risk maps, three broad zones have been demarcated as "severe", "high" and "moderate". There had also been a risk-free zone in the city that is termed as "low". The damage distribution in the city due to the 1934 Bihar–Nepal earthquake of Mw = 8.1 matches satisfactorily well with the demarcated risk regime. The design horizontal seismic coefficients for the city have been worked out for all the fundamental periods that indicate suitability for "A", "B" and "C" type of structures. The cumulative damage probabilities in terms of "none", "slight", "moderate", "extensive" and "complete" have also been assessed for the predominantly four model building types viz. RM2L, RM2M, URML and URMM for each seismic structural risk zone in the city. Both the seismic hazard and risk maps are expected to play vital roles in the earthquake-inflicted disaster mitigation and management of the city of Kolkata.

scholarly journals Extraction of Land Information, Future Landscape Changes and Seismic Hazard Assessment: A Case Study of Tabriz, Iran

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7010
Author(s):  
Ayub Mohammadi ◽  
Sadra Karimzadeh ◽  
Khalil Valizadeh Kamran ◽  
Masashi Matsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Potential Landscape ◽  
The City ◽  
Future Landscape

Exact land cover inventory data should be extracted for future landscape prediction and seismic hazard assessment. This paper presents a comprehensive study towards the sustainable development of Tabriz City (NW Iran) including land cover change detection, future potential landscape, seismic hazard assessment and municipal performance evaluation. Landsat data using maximum likelihood (ML) and Markov chain algorithms were used to evaluate changes in land cover in the study area. The urbanization pattern taking place in the city was also studied via synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data of Sentinel-1 ground range detected (GRD) and single look complex (SLC). The age of buildings was extracted by using built-up areas of all classified maps. The logistic regression (LR) model was used for creating a seismic hazard assessment map. From the results, it can be concluded that the land cover (especially built-up areas) has seen considerable changes from 1989 to 2020. The overall accuracy (OA) values of the produced maps for the years 1989, 2005, 2011 and 2020 are 96%, 96%, 93% and 94%, respectively. The future potential landscape of the city showed that the land cover prediction by using the Markov chain model provided a promising finding. Four images of 1989, 2005, 2011 and 2020, were employed for built-up areas’ land information trends, from which it was indicated that most of the built-up areas had been constructed before 2011. The seismic hazard assessment map indicated that municipal zones of 1 and 9 were the least susceptible areas to an earthquake; conversely, municipal zones of 4, 6, 7 and 8 were located in the most susceptible regions to an earthquake in the future. More findings showed that municipal zones 1 and 4 demonstrated the best and worst performance among all zones, respectively.

scholarly journals Mortality Forecasting: How Far Back Should We Look in Time?

Risks ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Li ◽  
Colin O’Hare
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Power ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Mortality Forecasting ◽  
Mortality Models ◽  
Forecasting Performance

Extrapolative methods are one of the most commonly-adopted forecasting approaches in the literature on projecting future mortality rates. It can be argued that there are two types of mortality models using this approach. The first extracts patterns in age, time and cohort dimensions either in a deterministic fashion or a stochastic fashion. The second uses non-parametric smoothing techniques to model mortality and thus has no explicit constraints placed on the model. We argue that from a forecasting point of view, the main difference between the two types of models is whether they treat recent and historical information equally in the projection process. In this paper, we compare the forecasting performance of the two types of models using Great Britain male mortality data from 1950–2016. We also conduct a robustness test to see how sensitive the forecasts are to the changes in the length of historical data used to calibrate the models. The main conclusion from the study is that more recent information should be given more weight in the forecasting process as it has greater predictive power over historical information.

Intraslab versus Interplate Earthquakes as Recorded in Mexico City: Implications for Seismic Hazard

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 795-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shri K. Singh ◽  
Mario Ordaz ◽  
Xyoli Pérez-Campos ◽  
Arturo Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Return Period ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The City ◽  
Careful Assessment ◽  
Interplate Earthquakes

We study the relative importance of interplate and intraslab earthquakes in the seismic hazard of Mexico City by analyzing accelerograms recorded at the hill-zone site of CU (1964–2012) and the lake-bed site of SCT (1985–2012). Amax exceeded 6 gal during 20 earthquakes at CU during this period. Of these, eight were intraslab events so that the exceedance rate of Amax ≥ 6 gal from both types of earthquakes is roughly about the same. The estimated return period of Amax of 30 gal from the two types of earthquakes is ∼100 yrs. If we consider high-frequency (2.5–8.5 Hz) acceleration ( AmaxHF) at CU, then the top 7 out of the 20 events are all intraslab earthquakes. Even at the lake-bed site of SCT, the AmaxHF values are, generally, associated with intraslab earthquakes. It follows that the risk from both types of earthquakes to low-rise construction in the city needs careful assessment.

How to Survive the Thirty Years' War: Analyzing Historical Data of the City of Augsburg

CHANCE ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Martin Theus ◽  
Robert Erber
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
The City

Cortical deformation in the Aguacaliente-Navarro fault system (Central Valley, Costa Rica) from Geodetic data (GNSS and InSAR)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Portela Fernández ◽  
Alejandra Staller Vázquez ◽  
Marta Béjar Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Moderate Seismicity ◽  
Cumulative Strain ◽  
Gnss Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Turrialba Volcano

<p>The Central Valley, Costa Rica, is subject to moderate seismicity, related to the Central Costa Rica Deformation Belt: a region with diffuse deformation, where Caribbean, Cocos and Nazca Plates, as well as the Panama Micro-plate, interact.  The Eastern part of the valley is dominated by the Aguacaliente-Navarro fault system. The city of Cartago was destroyed by an earthquake Ms 6.4 in 1910, associated with the rupture of the Aguacaliente fault. Volcanic unrest –mainly in Turrialba Volcano, with recent activity reported- is present in the area, thus resulting in a very complex interaction zone, where seismic hazard studies are crucial.</p><p>In this context, we process GNSS observations from five different campaigns -2012, 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2020- in 13 stations in the area, in order to estimate their Caribbean-fixed velocities, hence the regional cumulative strain. Additionally, we use both InSAR and GNSS data to measure volcanic deformation, aiming to refine the computed velocities by removing volcanic deformation from the tectonic signal.</p><p>The refined velocities allow us to asses a more precise cumulative strain for the Aguacaliente-Navarro fault system, which is useful to improve seismic hazard assessment in Cartago, one of the most important cities in the region.</p>

Contribution for seismic hazard assessment with local scale focus on Durrës (Albania) and damage observation after the ML 5.4, 21st September 2019 earthquake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Mancini ◽  
Iolanda Gaudiosi ◽  
Redi Muci ◽  
Maurizio Simionato ◽  
Klodian Skrame
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
Single Station ◽  
Noise Measurements ◽  
The City ◽  
2D Array

<p>The city of Durrës was recentely struck by a Mw 6.2 mainshock event (http://cnt.rm.ingv.it/event/23487611) that caused considerable damage and 51 victims. The city is located on an actively seismotectonic belt where seismic catalogues report few past events with magnitude higher than 6.</p><p>Surface geology is generally considered to influence the ground motion recorded on site. The analysis of the influence of local effects on seismic response at ground surface appears relevant also considering that Durrës is a densely populated city prone to high seismic risk and is characterized by several important archeological and cultural heritage sites.</p><p>Preliminary results obtained from recent geophysical in-situ measurements and geological surveys, carried out in Durrës after the ML 5.4, 21<sup>st</sup> September 2019 event, are presented with the aim of providing new elements for the assessment of local seismic hazard and following a comprehensive approach to the modifications induced by the site.</p><p>Twenty-nine single-station noise measurements, processed through the HVSR technique, two MASW surveys and two 2D array measurements were performed. Results from noise measurements define a zone eastward of the historical centre, where the characteristics of surficial soil layers are responsible for modification to the seismic demand. In particular, HVSR curves in this area show amplification higher than 4 at a period higher than 1s. Moreover, on this location a surface waves-velocity profile obtained from a joint inversion of Rayleigh curves from MASW and 2D array with ellipticity individuates a class D soil, EC8 sensu, corresponding to marshy soil of very poor geotechnical quality. These data may be considered as key elements in the site-specific response analyses, i.e. realized according to the international codes (EC8, NEHRP), which allow to quantify the expected ground motion. These results are potentially useful for  correlating  construction typologies and period vibration of the buildings with the site amplification.</p><p>In addition, a damage survey was carried out in one of the most damaged zones after the 21<sup>st</sup> September 2019 earthquake. Because of the following stronger event of the 26<sup>th</sup> November 2019, we think that these preliminary results may provide useful information for the post-earthquake reconstruction and enhancement of the urban resilience.</p><p>                The activities are carried out wihin the framework of the CNR/MOES Joint research project “Seismic risk assessment in cultural heritage cities of Albania” in the biennium 2018-2019 (https://www.cnr.it/en/bilateral-agreements/agreement/60/moes-ministry-of-education-and-sport-of-the-republic-of-albania).</p>

scholarly journals To Explore the Urban Landscape Lighting Development in China — Taking the City of Shanghai as an Example

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (s2) ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaowa Wuren ◽  
Xiaoming Yang ◽  
Jiangang Xia
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Ecological Attributes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Landscape lighting is a symbol of modern urban development and service capabilities, and it is also the important content of urban competitive power. This paper used the descriptive statistics, basic statistical tests and Granger causality test to analyze the historical data and the data from the Shanghai Landscape Lighting Survey. It draws conclusion that Shanghai’s landscape lighting has formed unique and sustainable development mode with governmental, cultural, economic, social and ecological attributes, which is led by the government, and market and society join together in the construction and operation.

Lichen colonization in the city of Turin (N Italy) based on current and historical data

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Isocrono ◽  
Enrica Matteucci ◽  
Alessio Ferrarese ◽  
Elena Pensi ◽  
Rosanna Piervittori
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
The City

scholarly journals In Search of Gala Dali’s City of Birth

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Yakovleva Elena L. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Birth Family ◽  
The City

The aim of the study was to find the birthplace of Elena Ivanovna (Dmitrievna) Dyakonova, known to the whole world under the name of Gala Dali. Documented sources about the woman’s city of birth have not been found so far, which led to the emergence of conflicting information. To achieve this goal, the author is looking for indirect documents confirming that Gala Dali was born in Kazan. For the first time, the problem is investigated based on archival data of her parents ‒ father Dmitry Ilyich Gomberg, who studied at the Imperial Kazan University from 1892 to 1895, and mother Antonina Petrovna Dyakonova. Analysis of documents found in the State Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan, articles by D. V. Malinovsky, grandson of the adopted son of D. I. Gomberg, memoirs and historical data helped to clarify the situation about the place of birth of the muse Dali and the plight of her family. The key research method is source study analysis of office documents, their comparison with historical data about everyday life and facts from the biography of Gala Dali. As a result of the research search, the place of birth of Elena Ivanovna/Dmitrievna Dyakonova was determined ‒ the city of Kazan, as evidenced by direct and indirect facts from the biographies of the parents and Gala herself, as well as the difficult life situation of the woman’s parents, their connection with revolutionary activities and mentioning in police circulars. This explains the reason why the woman did not like to remember the story of her birth and created numerous myths about the city of birth, family and living conditions. The data obtained can be used for further reconstruction of the history of the Gala family and her biography. Keywords: myth, Gala Dali, Kazan, city of birth, revolutionary activity, clerical documents of the fund of the office of the Imperial Kazan University of the State Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan, fear

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