scholarly journals Dengue disease diagnosis: A puzzle to be solved

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Viral Isolation ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The Impact

<p>Dengue is an infection caused by dengue virus and is the most<br />important arthropod transmitted viral disease in the world,<br />causing near 100 million cases and 50 000 fatalities each year.<br />Health authorities believe that these numbers will grow in<br />coming years. In Colombia, almost 600 municipalities are in<br />regions with Aedes aegypti circulation, and the presence of four<br />dengue serotypes has been demonstrated. Despite the increasing<br />knowledge about disease pathogenesis and the dengue virus,<br />some technical or scientific difficulties with diagnosing dengue<br />remain, negatively affecting both public health surveillance<br />and the appropriate attention to patients in health settings and<br />hospitals. This paper reviews the principles and developments<br />of the current diagnostic techniques for dengue, pointing out<br />the difficulties with making accurate dengue diagnoses and case<br />confirmations in public health and specialized laboratories. The<br />principles and limitations of MAC-ELISA, IgG serology, viral<br />NS1 detection and viral isolation by cell culture are presented.<br />In addition, the review of immunochromatography techniques<br />(rapid diagnostic tests) that have been put forward to help the<br />point-of-care diagnosis is proposed. This paper is intended to<br />bring forward some points of view about the issues related to<br />dengue diagnosis and contribute to improve the discussion<br />surrounding the strategies and techniques needed for reducing<br />the impact of the disease and favoring its control.</p>

scholarly journals Imunocompetent Mice Model for Dengue Virus Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Gonçalves ◽  
Rafael de Queiroz Prado ◽  
Eric Almeida Xavier ◽  
Natália Cristina de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Marcos da Matta Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

Dengue fever is a noncontagious infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV). DENV belongs to the familyFlaviviridae, genusFlavivirus, and is classified into four antigenically distinct serotypes: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. The number of nations and people affected has increased steadily and today is considered the most widely spread arbovirus (arthropod-borne viral disease) in the world. The absence of an appropriate animal model for studying the disease has hindered the understanding of dengue pathogenesis. In our study, we have found that immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice infected intraperitoneally with DENV-1 presented some signs of dengue disease such as thrombocytopenia, spleen hemorrhage, liver damage, and increase in production of IFNγand TNFαcytokines. Moreover, the animals became viremic and the virus was detected in several organs by real-time RT-PCR. Thus, this animal model could be used to study mechanism of dengue virus infection, to test antiviral drugs, as well as to evaluate candidate vaccines.

scholarly journals The Impact of Covid-19 Public Health Policies on Persons with Disability and their Caregivers in Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Andrew Camilleri ◽  
Samantha Pace Gasan ◽  
Andrew Azzopardi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Impact

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared a global health pandemic, due to the spread of a novel coronavirus, later named “Covid-19”. The spread of Covid-19 led to social isolation, distancing and a number of restrictive measures in Malta.  The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of Covid-19 and the subsequent restrictive measures on persons with disability and their caregivers and families in Malta. Using thematic analysis, the study found that a variety of impacts ranging from a sense of isolation, lack of essential services being provided, additional difficulties encountered at the place of work and education and measures that were not sufficiently tailored for persons with disability issued by public health authorities. Underlying the additional difficulties brought about by Covid-19, structural difficulties to access essential services as well as ignorance from policy makers and politicians and the added “vulnerable-ization” of persons with disabilities were found to be highly impacting factors that pervade the experience of persons with disabilities and their caregivers.

scholarly journals Upaya Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue dalam Bentuk Peta Tematik di Kecamatan Rappocini

bionature ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suci Wulandhani ◽  
A. Bida Purnamasari ◽  
Ryan Humardani Syam Pratomo
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Keywords Prevention ◽  
Short Time ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease caused by dengue virus infection. One symptom of dengue virus infection is high fever and headache. Dengue virus is a virus from the genus Flavivirus, family of Flaviviridae. This dengue fever is a dangerous viral disease because it can cause sufferers to die in a very short time / several days. The existence and population density are often associated with transmission, endemicity and Extraordinary Events (EE) of DHF. Disease mapping by utilizing digital technology to support epidemiological investigations and also as a tool to monitor regional conditions for dengue disease. The purpose of this study was to determine efforts to prevent and control dengue disease by mapping. The results of the study show that mapping can be seen as increasing and decreasing the number of cases of dengue disease so that it can assist in data management and reporting of information to monitor areas at risk of contracting dengue disease. Suggestions given need to do further research using other variables that are the cause of the high rate of dengue cases, so that it can be utilized by related agencies as the basis of the information system supporting the decision on preventive measures to combat dengue. Keywords: prevention and control, DHF, mapping.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DENGUE IN JETIS PUBLIC HEALTH CENTRE, YOGYAKARTA 2013-2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Azip Hasbi Asidik ◽  
Rokhmayanti Rokhmayanti ◽  
Sri Supraptiningsih ◽  
Yudha Puratmaja
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Dengue Case ◽  
Public Health Centre ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Free Rate

Background: Dengue disease is found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide, especially in urban and semi-urban areas. Of 70% of actual cases exist in Asia. The incidence of DHF in Indonesia during 2018 amounted to 24.73 per 100,000 inhabitants. Yogyakarta City is one of the dengue susceptible areas that receive serious attention from the health authorities. Jetis Public Health Centres is one of the PHC in Yogyakarta with high dengue incidence with one mortality. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of dengue cases based on time, place, people, observe dengue trend, and assess the larva free rate target’s achievement.Methods: This research was descriptive quantitative using secondary data obtained from Jetis Primary Health Centre's health information system, Yogyakarta. Dengue data year 2013-2016 was analysed using descriptive epidemiology (time, place, and people) to show the dengue trend. Last, the larva free rate was compared between targets and achievements.Results: In 2016, the dengue case increased from 81 to 104 in 2014 with one mortality. Out of 104 cases, 37 cases occurred in the Bumijo village, 33 cases in Cokrodiningratan village, 34 cases in Gowongan village. 85.58% of DHF cases occur at age ≥ five years, and 57.69% happen in women. The achievement of larvae free rate was 67.73% and had not reached the determined target. There was a tendency for an increase in dengue cases from May to June during the observed year.Conclusions: 2016 was the peak of dengue cases during 2013-2016. Women and people aged more-equal to five years were the most infected group. Most of the cases were found in Bumijo village. Larva's free rate in Jetis was not achieving the target. June was the peak of the case in 2016.

Nanobead-Based Screening Method for Antibody Pairing of Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein-1

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1788-1797
Author(s):  
Zhixin Chen ◽  
Shuzhen He ◽  
Ruixian Xu ◽  
Qinqin Han ◽  
Xueshan Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Nonstructural Protein 1 ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Virus Serotype

Dengue fever is a classic mosquito viral disease. Dengue virus non-structural protein-1 as a membrane-associated homologous dimer anchored to the surface of infected cells and also secreted into the blood. The nonstructural protein-1 levels are related to disease severity, and the presence of nonstructural protein-1 secreted from cells to the serum of people infected with the dengue virus is an early marker of infection. Paired antibodies are key in the establishment of rapid detection technology. In this study, the prepared recombinant nonstructural protein-1 protein of dengue virus serotype 3 was purified by the prokaryotic expression, and prepared monoclonal antibodies by cell fusion. A method for paired antibody screening was established based on the N-hydroxy succinimide-nanobeads and the prepared monoclonal antibodies. A simple and rapid point-of-care system integrating the paired antibodies and lateral flow assay was established to verify the screened antibody pairs. The results confirmed that the antibody pair screening method based on N-hydroxy succinimide-nanobeads is feasible.

scholarly journals Germs on a Plane: The Transmission and Risks of Airplane-Borne Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (29) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nereyda L. Sevilla
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Pneumonic Plague ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
The Impact

This research explored the role of air travel in the spread of infectious diseases, specifically severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1, Ebola, and pneumonic plague. Air travel provides the means for such diseases to spread internationally at extraordinary rates because infected passengers jump from coast to coast and continent to continent within hours. Outbreaks of diseases that spread from person to person test the effectiveness of current public health responses. This research used a mixed methods approach, including use of the Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler, to model the spread of diseases, evaluate the impact of air travel on disease spread, and analyze the effectiveness of different public health strategies and travel policies. Modeling showed that the spread of Ebola and pneumonic plague is minimal and should not be a major air travel concern if an individual becomes infected. H1N1 and SARS have higher infection rates and air travel will facilitate the spread of disease nationally and internationally. To contain the spread of infectious diseases, aviation and public health authorities should establish tailored preventive measures at airports, capture contact information for ticketed passengers, expand the definition of “close contact,” and conduct widespread educational programs. The measures will put in place a foundation for containing the spread of infectious diseases via air travel and minimize the panic and economic consequences that may occur during an outbreak.

scholarly journals Next-Generation Molecular Diagnostics Development by CRISPR/Cas Tool: Rapid Detection and Surveillance of Viral Disease Outbreaks

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonal Srivastava ◽  
Dilip J. Upadhyay ◽  
Ashish Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Next Generation

Virus disease spreads effortlessly mechanically or through minute insect vectors that are extremely challenging to avoid. Emergence and reemergence of new viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), H1N1 influenza virus, avian influenza virus, dengue virus, Citrus tristeza virus, and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus have paralyzed the economy of many countries. The cure for major viral diseases is not feasible; however, early detection and surveillance of the disease can obstruct their spread. Therefore, advances in the field of virus diagnosis and the development of new point-of-care testing kits become necessary globally. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) is an emerging technology for gene editing and diagnostics development. Several rapid nucleic acid diagnostic kits have been developed and validated using Cas9, Cas12, and Cas13 proteins. This review summarizes the CRISPR/Cas-based next-generation molecular diagnostic techniques and portability of devices for field-based utilization.

scholarly journals La aplicación de la biotecnología en el diagnóstico de enfermedades de importancia en salud pública en México

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Sonia -Mirén Martínez-González ◽  
Maria Concepción Martínez Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Cáncer De Mama ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Mexican Government ◽  
The Impact

Aunque las últimas técnicas de diagnóstico de la biotecnología médica son aplicadas en México, existe aún un porcentaje importante de personas que no tienen acceso a servicios de salud, resultado de la desigualdad económica en el país. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el impacto en México de diversas enfermedades (COVID-19, enfermedad diarreica aguda, cáncer cervicouterino, cáncer de mama, leishmaniasis, lesiones renales agudas y neurocisticercosis), las estrategias implementadas en su diagnóstico y control, así como las perspectivas de pruebas de diagnóstico novedosas. El artículo se realizó a través de una revisión de documentos en línea del Gobierno mexicano y de artículos científicos que estudian la implementación y las características de las herramientas biotecnológicas para el diagnóstico de enfermedades. En el caso de la COVID-19, la disponibilidad de procedimientos certeros y rápidos para su diagnóstico ha demostrado ser de vital importancia en el control de la enfermedad, así como en el entendimiento de la infección y los procesos de inmunidad. En el caso de la enfermedad diarreica aguda derivada de la infección por rotavirus, la elevada morbilidad y mortalidad de enfermedades no puede ser completamente controlada hasta que mejore la calidad de vida de la población. Las herramientas de la biotecnología para el diagnóstico, aplicadas por medio de programas públicos dirigidos a la población vulnerable, proporcionan una forma de cerrar la brecha de salud entre zonas desarrolladas y en vías de desarrollo. Aun así, se debe considerar que la cantidad de recursos que se utilizan sigue siendo elevada.   Abstract Although the diagnostic techniques of medical biotechnology are being applied in Mexico, there is still a significant percentage of people who do not have access to health services, a result of the country's economic inequality. This article aims to present the impact in Mexico of several diseases (COVID-19, acute diarrheal disease, cervical cancer, breast cancer, leishmaniasis, acute kidney injury and neurocysticercosis), the strategies implemented in their diagnosis and control, as well as perspectives of novel diagnostic tests. The article was conducted through a review of online documents from the Mexican government and scientific articles that study the implementation and characteristics of biotechnological tools for disease diagnosis. In the case of COVID-19, the availability of accurate and rapid procedures for its diagnosis has proven to be of vital importance in the control of this disease, as well as in the understanding of infection and immunity processes. In the case of acute diarrheal disease resulting from rotavirus infection, the high morbidity and mortality of diseases cannot be completely controlled until the quality of life of the population is improved. The tools of biotechnology in diagnostics applied through public programs to vulnerable populations provide a way to close the health gap between developed and developing areas. Even so, it must be considered that the amount of resources they use is still high.

scholarly journals Indoor and Outdoor House Inspection Coupled with Community Mobilization Impact on Decreased Aedes Aegypti Entomological Indices during ChikngunyaDengue Outbreak Containment in Affected Localities of Kassala and Red Sea States, 2018-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Community Mobilization ◽  
Sea State ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Dengue Outbreak ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Aedes aegypti is an important vector for dengue virus infection. Apart from dengue virus, Aedes aegypti is also the vector for transmission of other viruses presenting serious public health threats: chikungunya, and yellow fever. The present paper aimed to assess the impact of indoor and outdoor house inspection coupled with community mobilization on decreased Aedes aegypti entomological indices during Chikungunya-Dengue Outbreak containment in affected Localities of Kassala and Red Sea States, 2018-2019. The survey was conducted in Kassala and Red Sea State during outbreak of chikungunya and dengue. The survey was performed in the affected localities by dividing the localities into seven-day blocks from Saturday to Friday. All dwellings of each block were thoroughly checked by health promoters on the specific day. The sufficient numbers of promoters were available to cover all the houses in the affected areas. The study revealed that the reduction in house index from baseline in Kassala state was reduced by 90.4% in week 7. While the House index was reduced from baseline in Red Sea Sate by 87.1% in week 14. For container index it was reduced by 89.6% in Kassala State in week 7 compared to 89.0% in Red Sea State in week 14. The study concluded that indoor and outdoor inspection coupled with community mobilization has impact on reduced of Aedes aegypti indices mainly house index and container index.

scholarly journals Recommendations for sample pooling on the Cepheid GeneXpert® system using the Cepheid Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Becker ◽  
Tracy Taylor ◽  
Sandra Kiazyk ◽  
Dana R. Cabiles ◽  
Adrienne F.A. Meyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Pooled Testing ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Sample Pooling

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in a global testing supply shortage. In response, pooled testing has emerged as a promising strategy that can immediately increase testing capacity. Here, we provide support for the adoption of sample pooling with the point-of-care Cepheid Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 molecular assay. Corroborating previous findings, the Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay limit of detection was comparable to central laboratory reverse-transcription quantitative PCR tests with observed SARS-CoV-2 detection below 100 copies/mL. The Xpert® Xpress assay detected SARS-CoV-2 after samples with minimum viral loads of 461 copies/mL were diluted into six sample pools. Based on these data, we recommend the adoption of pooled testing with the Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay where warranted by population public health needs. The suggested number of samples per pool, or pooling depth, is unique for each point-of-care test site and should be determined by assessing positive test rates. To statistically determine appropriate pooling depth, we have calculated the pooling efficiency for numerous combinations of pool sizes and test rates. This information is included as a supplemental dataset that we encourage public health authorities to use as a guide to make recommendations that will maximize testing capacity and resource conservation.

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