Prevalencia de mastitis subclínica, microorganismos asociados y factores de riesgo identificados en hatos de la provincia de Pamplona, Norte de Santander

Mastitis prevalence, associated microorganisms and related risk factors were determined in dairy operations from municipalities belonging to the province of Pamplona (Norte de Santander). California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed in 1208 quarters from 302 animals located in 108 rural properties. Milk samples from positive quarters (trace up to 3+) were obtained and submitted for microbiological isolation. Analysis of a 64 variables survey related to the milking practices in the rural properties under study and its link with the presence of the disease was performed using contingency charts and chi-square test (χ2). Determined prevalence per individual was 54,6% (165/302) (95% CI 48.8 to 60.3) CMT positive animals. In 67,6% (73/108) (95% CI 58.3 to 75.7) of the rural properties the presence of at least one animal testing positive was detected, whereas a total of 21,6% quarters (260/1208) (95% CI 19.3 to 23.9) showed CMT reactivity. From the samples subjected to isolation and microbiological characterization, a total of 74.4% were compatible with Staphylococcus aureus, 12.3% with Streptococcus agalactiae and 13.3% with coliforms. A total of 17 characteristics were associated with the presence of mastitis, all of which were related to poor milking practices. The presence of contagious mastitis associated microorganisms, shows the need for training and orientation to implement proper milking practices and enhance the competitiveness of this sector in the region, which will result in an increase in production.

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La familia y los amigos como riesgo de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes / Family and friends as risk for alcohol consumption in adolescents

Ciencia Unemi ◽

10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol9iss17.2016pp85-91p ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (17) ◽

pp. 85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fanny Solorzano Torres ◽

Alexandra Narvaez ◽

Geovanny Alvarado Villa ◽

Ximena Silva Calle ◽

Juan Guerrero Solorzano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Emotional Wellbeing ◽

Chi Square ◽

Communication Problems ◽

Factores De Riesgo ◽

Toma De Decisiones ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Emotional Isolation

La adolescencia es una etapa de experimentación de conductas oposicionistas y/o desafiantes. Los problemas de comunicación, el aislamiento emocional y la carencia de afecto familiar se transforman en factores de riesgo para el consumo de alcohol. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los factores de riesgo para el consumo de alcohol en los estudiantes de primero, segundo y tercer año de bachillerato de colegios de Guayaquil. A una muestra de 636 adolescentes de los tres años de bachillerato se le aplicó una encuesta diseñada para el estudio, aprobada por un comité de Bioética (COBI) que incluyó el AUDIT y el APGAR familiar, autoadministrable. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y asociación de variables con un nivel de confianza del 95% y una p significativa <0,05. Se empleó el programa SPSS versión 21 y la prueba Chi cuadrado. Los resultados indican que el 52% de los adolescentes se expuso al alcohol alguna vez en su vida y el 65% presentó disfunción familiar de algún grado, siendo esto más evidente en el grupo donde no había satisfacción con la forma en que el núcleo familiar respondía a sus necesidades de comunicación y afecto. En este estudio se pretende desarrollar estrategias que fomenten la toma de decisiones saludables y mejoren el bienestar emocional de adolescentes. Abstract Adolescence is a stage of experimentation of oppositional and/or defiant behaviors. Communication problems, emotional isolation and lack of family affection become risk factors for consumption of alcohol. The objective of this research is to identify the risk factors for alcohol consumption in students of first, second and third year of high schools in Guayaquil. A survey approved by a Bioethics committee was applied to 636 adolescents from first, second and third year of high school that included the AUDIT and family APGAR, which is self-administered. Descriptive statistics and variables association were used with a confidence level of 95% and a significant p < 0,05. It was executed the software SPSS version 21 and the Chi Square test was applied. The results show that 52% of teens were exposed to alcohol consumption some time in their life and also 65% had some degree of family dysfunction, being this more evident in the group where there is no satisfaction with the way the household responded to their communication and affection needs. This research attempts to develop strategies to encourage healthy decision-making to and improve the emotional wellbeing of teenagers.

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Risk Factors of Composite Attachment Loss During Orthodontic Clear Aligner Therapy

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30277/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yaosen Chen ◽

Mohamed AM ◽

WANG Jinbo ◽

ZHENG Ziwei ◽

Maher Al-balaa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Attachment Loss ◽

Wear Time ◽

Related Risk ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Clear Aligner

Abstract Background The composite attachment loss during orthodontic clear aligner therapy is an adverse event that commonly happens in our daily practice. However, there is a lack of related statistical analysis, and studies analyzing the related risk factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the incidence of attachment loss during orthodontic clear aligner therapy and to identify rick factors that may predict such event.Methods The demographics and clinical variables of 94 patients undergoing clear aligner therapy (27 males and 67 females; average age: 27.60± 0.86 years) were recorded. Both patient-related and tooth-related attachment loss was recorded. The chi-square test and logistic regressive analysis were applied to identify the potential risk factors. SPSS for Mac (version 23.0, IBM, USA) was used for statistical analyses. P＜0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Our study suggested that the risk factors for attachment loss include: frequent aligner removal (>= 5 times a day) (losing rate=60.0%, P=0.005); aligner wear time less than 18 hours a day (losing rate=50.8%, P=0.014); eating without aligners inserted (losing rate=47.9%, P=0.034); utilizing aligner tray seaters (losing rate=48.2%, P=0.006) and unilateral mastication (losing rate=52.1%, P=0.002). The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicates that aligner wear time less than 18 hours a day (P=0.020, B=0.925), using aligner tray seaters (P=0.007, B=1.168) and unilateral mastication (P=0.034, B=-0.458) were considered independent factors that can predict the composite attachment loss in orthodontic clear aligner therapy.Conclusion Wearing aligner less than 18 hours a day, using aligner tray seaters and unilateral mastication may contribute to increased incidence of composite attachment loss during orthodontic clear aligner therapy.

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Influence of Physical and Musculoskeletal Factors on Occupational Injuries and Accidents in Korean Workers Based on Gender and Company Size

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16030345 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 345 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sang Park ◽

Myunghwan Jung ◽

Joo Sung

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Occupational Safety ◽

Occupational Injuries ◽

Company Size ◽

Chi Square ◽

Repetitive Tasks ◽

Related Risk ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Awkward Posture ◽

Vibration Noise

Though the overall incidence of occupational injuries and accidents has decreased, they continue to happen. Many associated factors are known and managing them with limited resources is difficult. This study evaluates related risk factors and prioritizes their management for reducing occupational injuries and accidents at the workplace. We used data from the 4th Korean Working Condition Survey conducted by the Korea Occupational Safety Health Research Institute from June to September 2014. A total of 14,381 persons (9776 men, 4605 women) were selected; t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze data. The influence of physical (vibration, noise, abnormal temperature) and musculoskeletal (awkward posture, handling of heavy objects, repetitive tasks) factors was compared according to gender and company size. The risk of occupational injuries and accidents among men was related to musculoskeletal factors and vibration in companies with “under 50” employees and with awkward posture, vibration, and noise in companies with “50 or above” employees; however, among women in companies with “under 50” employees, it was associated with only vibration. Although we evaluated only a few risk factors, prioritizing them based on gender and company size has provided new valuable information.

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PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF HOOKWORMS INFECTION ON DOGS IN SUKABUMI REGENCY, WEST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v14i4.16751 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 85-89

Author(s):

Yusuf Ridwan ◽

Ardilasunu Wicaksono ◽

Siti Vanessa Fransiska ◽

Princesse Theresa

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Land Area ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Related Risk ◽

Chi Square Test

Hookworms infection remains as an important parasitic infections affecting animal and human health worldwide. However, information on the prevalence and the risk factors of hookworm infection on dogs in Indonesia is very limited. A cross sectional study to estimate the prevalence and to identify risk factors of hookworms infection on dogs was conducted in rural area with different topography, Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia. A Total of 204 dog stool specimens were examined for hookworm eggs using simple flotation methods. The data of related risk factors namely type of topography area (high and low land), purpose of having dog, dog demography, dog reared management and deworming were collected through dog owners interview’s with completed a questionnaire. Those data were analyzed using the chi-square test (χ2) and logistic regression. The prevalence of hookworm on dogs in Sukabumi was 24.5 % (95% Confidence Interval [CI]=19.1-30.8). This prevalence was associated with topography of the area, the age of dog, and type of dog keeping methods. The prevalence of hookworms was higher in the high land area than low land area (OR=5.935, 95% CI=2.764-12.744 ). Logistic regression identified pupies as a high risk group to hookworms infection (OR= 2.041, 95%CI=1.035-4.055). The dog which kept in the cage/tied had higher risk than free roaming dog (OR=3.66, 95%CI=1.479-9.091).Key words: Dog, hookworms, prevalence, risk factors, Sukabumi.

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Ergonomic Analysis of the Neck Posture in Computer Users and Identifying the Related Risk Factors

Archives of Occupational Health ◽

10.18502/aoh.v3i4.1552 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hamidreza Heidari ◽

Shahram Arsang ◽

Maryam Mahmoodi ◽

Fatemeh Ramezani

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Computer Users ◽

Chi Square ◽

Posture Analysis ◽

Photographic Analysis ◽

Related Risk ◽

Workstation Design ◽

Chi Square Test

Background:Neck disorder is a common complaint in computer users which affects the task performance and fatigue. Several studies confirmed the relation between neck discomfort and working with a computer. But focusing on the root risk factors inducing neck discomfort can be applied for taking preventive measures and improving workstation design. So, the main purpose of this study was the neck posture analysis in computer users and identifying the related risk factors. Methods:This descriptive-analytical study was performed in 2018 on 169 administrative staff in one of the governmental hospitals in Qom. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to investigate neck discomfort and related risk factors. To determine the angle of the neck, photographic analysis method was used. Finally, SPSS software version 22 and appropriate statistical tests including the logistic regression model, two independent t-test, and chi-square test in contingency tables were used to determine the relationship between individual parameters and workstation with neck angles and neck pain. Results:The results showed that two factors of the height (p= 0.023) and the gender (p= 0.012) had a direct statistically significant association with neck disorder statistically. In addition, the anthropometric dimensions, monitor height from desk level was positively correlated with neck discomfort but sitting elbow to eye height was negatively correlated with neck discomfort (p<0.05). Odds Ratio analysis showed that moderate and severe monitor angle compared to neutral posture (monitor angle less than 10 °) can increase neck discomfort as 1.925 and 3.137, respectively. Conclusion: Generally, it can be concluded that workstation design can affect taking a posture in computer users. So, establishing correct workstation criteria such as eye height, monitor height from desk level and sitting elbow to eye height dimensions are very important. However, determination of the proportion of each parameter effect is strongly recommended for other investigations. This can develop preventive measures for reducing neck awkward postures.

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Protective factors and risk of alcohol consumption in students at the University of Huelva / Factores de protección y de riesgo del consumo de alcohol en alumnos de la Universidad de Huelva

Health and Addictions/Salud y Drogas ◽

10.21134/haaj.v9i2.43 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ramón Tirado Morueta ◽

José Ignacio Aguaded Gómez ◽

Isidro Marín Gutiérrez

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factores De Riesgo ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

University Of Huelva ◽

The University

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar factores protectores y factores de riesgo asociados al consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios de ambos sexos. Fueron medidos sobre la base de un estudio descriptivo y transversal realizado en el curso 2007-2008 en la Universidad de Huelva. Para el análisis de las relaciones entre variables se utilizó el test de chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Para identificar factores de riesgo y protectores se realizó un análisis de regresión logística binomial. Los resultados confirmaron la influencia del policonsumo como principal factor de riesgo, así como el sexo. De igual modo los “botellones”, según mostraron los resultados, pierden poder predictivo respecto al consumo habitual, siendo los hábitos de lectura, la afición por la música y la edad factores protectores de este tipo de consumo. Finalmente, un bajo consumode alcohol en el medio universitario, la asistencia frecuente a clasee inferiores niveles de consumo semanal de alcohol, se revelaron como factores protectores. AbsctractThe main aim of this study is to identify protective factors and risk factors linked to alcohol consumption in university students of both sexes. These factors were measured on the basis of a descriptive cross-sectional study developed in 2007-2008 at the University of Huelva. In order to analyze the relations among variables, we have used the chi-square test of Pearson. To identify risk and protective factors a binomial logistic regression analysis was conducted. The results confirm the influence of policonsumption and sex as the main risk factors. "Botellones" decrease predictive degree when compared with usual consumption. Reading habit, love of music and age behave as protective factors against drugs consumption. Finally, lower drinking degrees inside the college, higher frequency of attendance and lower weekly alcohol consumption, are protective factors.

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Prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth in a selected population of Brazilian adults

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402008000100006 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 34-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Carlos Estrela ◽

Cláudio Rodrigues Leles ◽

Augusto César Braz Hollanda ◽

Marcelo Sampaio Moura ◽

Jesus Djalma Pécora

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Confidence Intervals ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Apical Periodontitis ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Technical Quality ◽

Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth in a selected population of Brazilian adults. A total of 1,372 periapical radiographs of endodontically treated teeth were analyzed based on the quality of root filling, status of coronal restoration and presence of posts associated with apical periodontitis (AP). Data were analyzed statistically using odds ratio, confidence intervals and chi-square test. The prevalence of AP with adequate endodontic treatment was low (16.5%). This percentage dropped to 12.1% in cases with adequate root filling and adequate coronal restoration. Teeth with adequate endodontic treatment and poor coronal restoration had an AP prevalence of 27.9%. AP increased to 71.7% in teeth with poor endodontic treatment associated with poor coronal restoration. When poor endodontic treatment was combined with adequate coronal restoration, AP prevalence was 61.8%. The prevalence of AP was low when associated with high technical quality of root canal treatment. Poor coronal restoration increased the risk of AP even when endodontic treatment was adequate (OR=2.80; 95%CI=1.87-4.22). The presence of intracanal posts had no influence on AP prevalence.

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Bacteriological Safety of Blood Collected for Transfusion at University of Gondar Hospital Blood Bank, Northwest Ethiopia

ISRN Hematology ◽

10.1155/2013/308204 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hailegebriel Wondimu ◽

Zelalem Addis ◽

Feleke Moges ◽

Yitayal Shiferaw

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bacterial Contamination ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Blood Bank ◽

Bacterial Isolation ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test

Background. Transfusion associated bacterial infection has remained more frequent with a sever risk of morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the bacteriological safety of blood collected for transfusion. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar hospital blood bank from December 2011 to June 2012. Bacterial isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done as per the standard procedure. Chi-square test and P value were used to assess associations between risk factors and the bacterial isolation rate. Results. Twenty-one (15.33%) blood units were found contaminated with bacteria, and 95.24% contamination was due to external sources. The commonly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Streptococci species, Enterobacter species, and Citrobacter species. All of the bacteria isolated were 100% sensitive to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Amoxicillin, and Doxycycline. Multiple antimicrobial resistances were observed in 66.7% of the isolates. Not using glove by phlebotomist, touching disinfected phlebotomy site and double puncture at the same hand or both hands of a donor were found to be risk factors for bacterial contamination. Conclusion. Bacterial contamination of blood to be transfused is a common problem in the hospital. So attention should be given to activities performed at the blood bank for safe transfusion practices.

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Rapid Detection of Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in Cattle Bulk Tank Milk in Cyprus and Relations with Somatic Cell Counts

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10070841 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 841

Author(s):

Maria Liapi ◽

George Botsaris ◽

Costas Arsenoglou ◽

Nikolas Markantonis ◽

Christodoulos Michael ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Real Time ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Mycoplasma Bovis ◽

Bulk Tank Milk ◽

Somatic Cell Counts ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Bulk Tank

One hundred and seventy-seven (177) bulk tank milk samples were analyzed with a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction kit and 11 (6.21%), 41 (23.16%), and 58 (32.77%) tested positive for Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the presence of S. aureus and S. agalactiae. Enumeration of somatic cells was performed in the same samples by flow cytometry. The somatic cell counts were found higher in S. aureus and S. agalactiae positive samples. No association was found between M. bovis presence and somatic cells counts. Low internal assay control Ct values were found to be related with high somatic cell counts. Noticeably, this is the first report for the presence of M. bovis in Cyprus. Therefore, its presence was confirmed by bulk tank milk culture, conventional PCR, and next generation sequencing. Furthermore, M. bovis was typed with multilocus sequencing typing and was allocated to sequence type 29 (ST 29). Real-time PCR in bulk tank milk samples is a useful tool to detect mammary infections, especially for neglected pathogens such as M. bovis.

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Social assessment of children dental health and its determining factors

Стоматология детского возраста и профилактика ◽

10.33925/1683-3031-2021-21-2-123-131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 123-131

Author(s):

T. G. Svetlichnaya ◽

A. S. Mityagina ◽

T. M. Burkova ◽

N. M. Ogorelkova

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

Dental Health ◽

Tooth Decay ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significance Level ◽

Pediatric Dentist ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Decay Risk

Relevance. The high prevalence of tooth decay requires investigation of its risk factors. The aim was to study tooth decay risk factors among six-year-old children according to the level of dental health (based on parents’ assessment).Materials and methods. The research evaluated the dental health of six-year-olds and factors defining their oral health; The study surveyed 515 parents of six-year-old children from 7 kindergartens in Arkhangelsk. Pearson chi-square test assessed the differences in the frequency of tooth decay factors among six-year-old children according to the level of dental health. The accepted significance level was 0.05.Results. The Arkhangelsk parents evaluated the dental health of their six-year-olds as relatively favourable: good (41.2%) and satisfactory (46.6%). Only 9.5% of children had poor health. Children generally had good oral hygiene skills: 86.8% liked brushing their teeth; 60.2% squeezed the optimal amount of toothpaste on the toothbrush; 56.7% brushed their teeth twice a day. The dental literacy of parents was satisfactory: 67.0% purchased toothpaste for children; 90.8% considered necessary to treat primary teeth; 69.2% replaced toothbrush every three months; 59.7% visited a pediatric dentist twice a year. The children with poor dental health had insufficient oral hygiene skills: 46.9% did not like teeth cleaning; 51.1% brushed their teeth once a day. Their diet was not healthy: 100.0% did not eat hard food; 65.3% frequently consumed sweets. The parents of children with poor dental health had low medical literacy and poor oral hygiene: 46.9% did not know that treatment of primary teeth was necessary; 42.9% considered the treatment of primary teeth as unnecessary; 32.6% purchased whatever toothpaste. The general negative trend is to use toothpaste without fluoride (68.1%).Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrated a significantly higher frequency of cariogenic factors in children with poor dental health.

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