SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS FROM STRAW PANELS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimondas ŠADZEVIČIUS ◽  
Vincas GURSKIS ◽  
Dainius RAMUKEVIČIUS
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Insulating Material ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Local Materials

Sustainable (environmentally friendly) modern construction is not limited only to use of natural and environmentally friendly materials. The concept of the construction is an important factor and that is applied to local materials, especially if they come from renewable sources. The sustainable (environmentally friendly) building principles, methods of construction from straw, the essential building requirements for construction from straw are discussed in the article. Straw as a building material used for a very long time, but this usage is often associated with certain mistrust, fears: the building will burn, the mice, rats are attacking, etc. Straw building uses raw materials which are agricultural waste. Buildings constructed from straw decompose in the end of their lifecycle and the construction waste in the area of construction is biodegradable, consequently, it is not necessary to take them away to a landfill. The evaluation of the global and Lithuanian experience of using straw and the structures in which straw are used shows, that the essential requirements can be provided if the straw and timber-framed buildings with straw as a heat insulating material are constructed properly, they use to meet the essential requirements according to the Law on Construction and the European Council and Parliament Regulation No 305/2011.

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recovery in Sustainable Construction Waste Management

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 937-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A Kazerooni Sadi ◽  
Arham Abdullah ◽  
Masoud Navazandeh Sajoudi ◽  
M.F.M. Kamal ◽  
Fatemeh Torshizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Waste Minimisation ◽  
Minimization Technique ◽  
Local Construction

The construction industry consumes a substantial amount of raw materials in its processes and the output is obviously the product and most importantly the waste material. Other than that, the construction industry is well known as one of the worst environmental polluters. This study is to determine the use of waste minimisation technique in creating sustainable waste management in order to identify the technique which has the most capabilities to reduce on-site waste. The objective of this study is to assess the waste minimization techniques taken from the 4R concept (which includes reduce, reuse, recycle and recovery techniques) in minimizing the waste in construction waste management. The most used waste minimization technique found in the 4R concept would be waste reduction. This shows that the local construction industry has the knowledge necessary to plan out the waste management processes but the implementation is still far from satisfying. Additionally, the findings reveal that because the industry is profit-driven, construction practitioners are motivated by profit to adapt to this techniques.

scholarly journals Flexural Behavior of RC Beams by Using Agricultural Waste as a Cement Reinforcement Materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Taha A. El-Sayed ◽  
Abeer M. Erfan ◽  
Abeer M. Erfan ◽  
Ragab M. Abd El-Naby
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Agriculture Waste ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Limestone Sand ◽  
Partial Cement Replacement ◽  
Pozzolanic Properties ◽  
Straw Ash

Using replacement for cement to assure sustainability is critical as the raw materials (limestone, sand, shale, clay and iron ore) used in making cement are depleting. The use of agriculture waste byproducts to replace cement is becoming an economic option. Rice husk ash (RHA), rice straw ash (RSA) and wheat straw ash (WSA) which have pozzolanic properties are viable alternatives. A study on RHA, RSA and WSA were conducted to determine their suitability. From the various grades of concrete studied show that up to 15% replacement of OPC with RHA, RSA and WSA have the potential to be used as partial cement replacement (PCR), having good compressive strength, performance and durability. In particular, the utilization of as PCR material as PCR can contribute to sustainable construction.

The Influence of Sulfates on Tobermorite Formation in Lime-Ash Composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 916 ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
Vit Cerný ◽  
Jindrich Melichar ◽  
Jan Fleischhacker ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Ecological Building

Autoclaved aerated concrete is an ecological building material with suitable properties and long-time tradition. The research of secondary raw materials usage and technology optimization is needed in order to increase the efficiency and sustainability of its production. It is important to focus on development of mineralogical composition while studying the influence of input materials and the parameters of hydrothermal synthesis on the properties of final product. This is especially important in case of tobermorite formation as the bearer of strength in the structure. Main focus of this paper is applicability of fly ash (silica component) and admixture of energo-gypsum (sulfate component) in production of lime-ash composite in hydrothermal conditions. The research was focused on autoclaving of samples at temperature of 170°C in three various isothermal sustains. Final samples were analyzed by XRD and SEM in order to proof the influence of input materials. Results show that 5% admixture of energo-gypsum had positive influence on tobermorite formation.

scholarly journals Construction Waste as a Resource in a Sustainable Built Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (08) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Martina Zbašnik-Senegačnik ◽  
Ljudmila Koprivec
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Key Factor

The built environment requires ever-increasing amounts of raw material resources and at the same time bears the responsibility for the resulting waste. Waste is generated throughout the life cycle. In the initial phases it is referred to as industrial waste, while during construction, reconstruction, and demolition it is called construction waste. Construction waste is most voluminous but it also has a great potential in circular economy that aims at the closed loop cycle where already used construction materials and components are recovered as raw materials. Sustainable building principles include four basic strategies, waste avoidance, construction materials and components re-use, continued use, and recycling. The possibility of construction waste treatment and its possible recovery in the building process depends on the type of prevailing materials that are contained in building elements as well as on detachability, separability and inseparability of structural joints and components. The architect plays a responsible role in decreasing the volume of construction waste as the conception of a building represents the key factor in sustainable construction waste management. Planning a construction with a good dismantling potential at the end of the building’s life cycle includes a number of factors such as the choice of building materials with a low environmental impact, the design of detachable composite materials and structures as well as the design of mono material structures. This article focuses on waste resulting from the built environment and discusses architectural concepts with a potential of reducing the volume of construction waste and its potential recovery as a construction resource.

INCLUSION OF BIOCATALYSTS INTO THE PROCESS OF CHEMICAL- BIOLOGICAL OXIDATIVE DESULFURIZATION OF OIL FRACTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 277-279
Author(s):  
O.V. Senko ◽  
Stepanov N.A. ◽  
М.А. Gladchenko ◽  
S.N. Gaydamaka ◽  
A.V. Akopyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Oxidative Desulfurization ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Materials Selection ◽  
Oil Fractions

A number of approaches are proposed, combined and tested to ensure the most effective introduction of biocatalysts into the process of chemical and biocatalytic desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbon raw materials: selection and use of environmentally friendly reagents, formation of immobilized artificial consortia, their preliminary adaptation to media, pH control of the medium, introduction of co-substrates in the form of agricultural waste, etc.

RECYCLED BRICK SOUNDPROOF TEST AS AN ALTERNATIVE SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Hendrico Firzandy Latupeirissa ◽  
Gierlang Bhakti Putra ◽  
Niki Prastomo
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Sound Source ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Comfort ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Coarse Grains ◽  
Made In

Brick debris that makes up the majority of construction waste has not received proper waste disposal in Indonesia. On the other hand, brick debris could be potentially reused as non-structural building materials to reduce its negative impact on the environment. This study aims to test the effectiveness of soundproofing on recycled brick debris. The soundproof test was carried out on brick debris in the form of fine and coarse grains. The simulation box is then used as a support for the brickwork material and then the box is exposed to a sound source with a certain level of noise that is considered disturbing human comfort. Noise level measurements are made in the outside and inside the box. These measurements are tabulated and then analyzed to see the success of the two aggregates in reducing noise. Basically, the brickwork material has succeeded in becoming a recycled building material that can absorb noise, although further research must be carried out to be able to state that this material is truly ready to be used as an alternative building material with good acoustic capabilities.

Late Woodland Period Settlement Patterns in the Piedmont Uplands of Pennsylvania: The Evidence from 36CH161

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-285
Author(s):  
Paul A. Raber
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Late Woodland ◽  
Woodland Period ◽  
Late Woodland Period ◽  
Chester County ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
A Site ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Early Late

Investigations at 36Ch161, a site in the Piedmont Uplands of Chester County, Pennsylvania, have revealed a series of early Late Woodland Period camps associated with the Minguannan Complex. The use of local quartz seems to have been a primary focus of settlement at the site. Quartz, which formed an overwhelming majority of the assemblage, was used in ways that contrast strongly with that of non-local materials like jasper, a minority component of the assemblage obtained from quarries in the Hardyston Formation. The selection of raw materials suggests restrictions on access to certain materials perhaps imposed by territorial constraints. The combined evidence of artifact assemblage and cultural features indicates that 36Ch161 was inhabited seasonally by small, mobile groups of non-horticulturalists, a reconstruction consistent with that of Custer and others regarding the economy of the Minguannan Complex and related cultures of the Piedmont Uplands.

Biocement: Green Building- and Energy-Saving Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 4051-4054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Chu ◽  
Volodymyr Ivanov ◽  
Viktor Stabnikov ◽  
Jia He ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Specific Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Porous Soil

Cement and chemical grouts have often been used for soil strengthening. However, high cost, energy consumption, and harm to environment restrict their applications. Biocement could be a new green building- material and energy-saving material. Biocement is a mixture of enzymes or microbial biomass with inorganic chemicals, which can be produced from cheap raw materials. Supply of biocementing solution to the porous soil or mixing of dry biocement with clayey soil initiate biocementation of soil due to specific enzymatic activity. Different microorganisms and enzymes can be used for production of biocement.

Agricultural waste as a source of innovative and compostable composite biopolymers for food packaging: a scientific review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ronzano ◽  
Roberta Stefanini ◽  
Giulia Borghesi ◽  
Giuseppe Vignali
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Regional Project ◽  
Materials Used

"The recovery of agriculture waste is one of the challenges of 2030 Agenda. Food and Agriculture Organization states that 30 % of the world’s agricultural land is used to produce food that is later lost or wasted, and the global carbon footprint corresponds to 7% of total greenhouse gases emissions. Alternatively, natural fibers contained in food and agricultural waste could be a valuable feedstock to reinforce composite biopolymers contributing to increase mechanical properties. In addition, the use of biopolymers matrix could contribute significantly to reduce the environmental footprint of the biobased compounds. Based on these premises, a regional project in Emilia-Romagna, aims to enhance agricultural waste to produce food packaging materials which in turn would contribute to the reduction of green raw materials used. This article reviews the state of art of composite biopolymers added with fillers extracted by food and agricultural waste, analyzing the literature published on scientific databases such as Scopus. The characteristics, advantages and drawbacks of each innovative sustainable material will be studied, trying to compare their various properties. The results of the work could guide companies in the choice of eco-sustainable packaging and lay the foundations for the development of the mentioned regional project."

Research of pneumatic conveyor for overloading of fuel pellets

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
N. Spodyniuk ◽  
◽  
L. Horbachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fuel Pellets ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Loading And Unloading

The constant development of the country's agricultural sector allows the production of biofuels, such as fuel pellets, from agricultural waste - straw, corn and sunflower husks. However, the transportation of fuel pellets is quite energy consuming. The process of loading and unloading, transportation over long distances requires complex mechanized equipment. The use of a pneumatic conveyor for grain reloading will allow to provide high-quality transportation of fuel pellets. The aim of the article was to investigate the operation of the pneumatic conveyor for overloading fuel pellets, to determine the optimal indicators that affect the productivity of the pneumatic conveyor. Since fuel pellets, as raw materials, are structurally similar to cereals, a study of the pneumatic grain conveyor PTZ-25 was conducted. The dependence of the productivity of the pneumatic conveyor on the lifting height h, m and the length of the pipelines L, m was obtained. The obtained results showed that by reducing the length of the pipelines by four times and the lifting height by half, the productivity of the pneumatic conveyor will increase by 1.15 times. Key words: fuel pellets, pneumatic conveyor, productivity

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