scholarly journals Model Field Study of Sumithion 50 EC and Fusilade S on Pheasants

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277
Author(s):  
L. Várnagy ◽  
P. Budai ◽  
Á. Zaják ◽  
T. Varga ◽  
E. Molnár
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Applied Model ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Pesticide Formulations ◽  
Traumatic Origin ◽  
Dose Levels

Toxicological studies on wild animals play an important role in the ecotoxicological examination of pesticides. The applied model tests enable the assessment of toxicological consequences with particular regard to the life and nutrition of wild animals in the ploughed field among plants treated with pesticides. The application of different pesticide formulations on plough-land may pose a simultaneous chemical burden to wild birds. In this model study, manifestations of the interaction between an insecticide and a herbicide were studied in pheasants. The birds were placed on lucerne in cages (48 m2) and sprayed once. The applied doses were: Sumithion 50 EC 1 litre/ha + Fusilade S 6 litres/ha (practical doses) and Sumithion 50 EC 5 litres/ha + Fusilade S 30 litres/ha. The analytically determined pesticide concentration of the lucerne was taken as a basis in the further treatment of fodder. The fodder of pheasants contained the following chemicals: 85 mg/kg Sumithion 50 EC + 510 mg/kg Fusilade S and 425 mg/kg Sumithion 50 EC + 2250 mg/kg Fusilade S. Sporadic deaths observed among the pheasants were of traumatic origin and not due to a toxic effect. The decrease of body weight was significant only at the higher dose levels. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of the blood decreased significantly in both dose groups. On the basis of the results obtained it can be established that at the dose level used in the practice the pesticides studied do not give rise to a toxic interaction in pheasants.

Toxic effect and oral acute LD50 study of Nerium oleander in male guineapigs

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
MGA Chowdhury ◽  
A Azizunnesa ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
ML Rahman ◽  
Q Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Group A

The toxic effect of Nerium oleander was studied in 36 male adult guineapigs during the period from July to December 1994. These 36 animals were divided into six equal groups (A to F), each consisting of six animals. Each animal of groups B to F was administered with a single oral dose of crude watery extract of sheath oleander @ 300, 450, 600, 750 and 900 mg / kg body weight, respectively whereas animals of group A served as control. Each of the experimental animals was carefully observed and the toxic signs recorded as nausea, anorexia, dullness, depression, restlessness, abdominal pain, salivation, reluctant to move, tremor, resting of chin on the ground, respiratory distress, paralysis of the limbs, recumbency, convulsion followed by death with characteristic groaning. It may be concluded that the lowest dose 300 mg / kg body weight is non lethal to the male guineapigs and the dose of 450, 600, 750 and 900 mg / kg body weight caused 17%, 50%, 83% and 100% mortality, respectively and the LD50 is 540 mg / kg body weight.Key words: Nerium oleander; toxic signs; oral acute LD50; guineapigsdoi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i2.2562Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (2): 159-161

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ROTULA AQUATICA LOUR. ROOTS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
T. Shyam ◽  
◽  
S Ganapaty
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Chemical Evidence

Four compounds viz α-amyrin, β- amyrin, bauerenol and ellagic acid were isolated from the methanolic extract of Rotula aquatica roots. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis and chemical evidence. The extract was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxic model at a dose levels of 200,400 and 800 mg/ kg body weight and compared with that of the standard silymarin (25mg/kg body weight). It showed good hepatoprotective activity in a dose dependent manner. The extract was also screened for antimicrobial activity against various types of organisms like bacteria and fungi.

One-generation reproduction toxicity study of Dithane M-45 (mancozeb) and lead acetate

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Várnagy ◽  
P. Budai ◽  
E. Molnár ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Body Weight Increase ◽  
Dose Levels

The reproductive toxicity of lead acetate and of a fungicide formulation (Dithane M-45) containing 80% mancozeb was studied on rats. Lead acetate was applied in the feed in the following dose groups: control, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 mg/kg of diet. The three treatment groups received, in addition to the above doses of lead acetate, 4,500 mg/kg Dithane M-45 in the diet. The method was based on the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 415 (1981). Clinical symptoms and mortality were not found in the parent generation. The body weight of female animals decreased significantly before the pregnancy period. This tendency was also seen in males after the combination treatment. At the two high dose levels a remarkable body weight increase was seen in the female animals during the lactation period. As a result of treatment, decreased body weight of offspring was measured during the lactation period. No gross pathological changes were seen. Histological examination showed general tubulonephrosis in the experimental animals. It can be established that the administration of Dithane M-45 did not enhance the reproductive toxicity of lead acetate.

scholarly journals PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF ANTI-OBESITY POTENTIAL OF ACORUS CALAMUS LINN. IN HIGH FAT CAFETERIA DIET FED OBESE RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athesh K ◽  
Joshi G
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: To study the anti-obesity potential of aqueous rhizome extract of Acoruscalamus Linn. (AREAC)in high fat diet fed obese rats.Methods: Adult strain male Wistar rats used in this study were fed with High Fat Diet (HFD) for 60 days. For the treatment groups,AREAC was administered in a dose levels of100, 200 and 300 mg/kgbw, orally once a day along with HFD. Rats fed with normal pellet chow were served as normal control. The effect of AREAC on physical parameterssuch as body weight, organ weight, fat pad weights and various biochemical parameterslike serum glucose, insulin, leptin,lipid profile, liver markers, kidney markers and oxidative stress markers were analysed.In-vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition assay of AREAC was also studied.Results: Data of in-vivo studies revealedsignificant (p<0.05) reduction in percentage body weight gain, organ weights, fat pad weights and levels of serum glucose, insulin and leptin after treatment with AREAC in a dose dependent manner. Also, administration of AREAC significantly inhibited the increases in the concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, free-fatty acid and phospholipids in a dose dependent manner whereas, the level of HDL-cholesterol was found to be elevated on treatment. Moreover, on treatment with test drug,the elevated levels of serum liver and kidney markerssuch as AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine were also brought back to near normalcy. Antioxidant status was found to be enhanced in liver tissues after treatment.In-vitro studies showed significant inhibition in the activity of pancreatic lipaseby AREAC.Conclusion: The data of the results obtained clearly depicted that AREAC was found to have pronounced anti-obesity activity particularly at the dose levels of 300 mg/kg bw.Key Words: Obesity, High Fat Diet, Leptin, AcoruscalamusLinn., Orlistat.  

scholarly journals Lack of Neuropathological Changes in Rats Administered Tedizolid Phosphate for Nine Months

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Schlosser ◽  
Hiromi Hosako ◽  
Ann Radovsky ◽  
Mark T. Butt ◽  
Dragomir Draganov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Activity Measures ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Neurobehavioral Effects

ABSTRACTTedizolid, a novel oxazolidinone antibacterial, was administered to Long Evans rats by oral gavage once daily for up to 9 months at doses near the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) to evaluate for potential neurotoxicity. Mean plasma exposures of tedizolid at the low-, medium-, and high-dose levels (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg of body weight/day for males; 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day for females) were similar between males and females and were 1.8-, 3.9-, and 8.0-fold greater than exposures in patients at the therapeutic dose (200 mg once daily). Evaluated endpoints included survival, clinical observations, body weight, and food consumption. At 1, 3, 6, and 9 months, ophthalmic examinations, functional observational batteries, and locomotor activity measures were conducted, brain weights/sizes were recorded, and perfusion-fixed tissues were collected from 12 rats/sex/group/time point. A detailed morphological assessment was conducted on brain, eyes, optic nerve/tract, spinal cord, peripheral nerves (includes sciatic, sural, tibial, peroneal, trigeminal), and skeletal muscle. At the end of 9 months, less body weight gain was seen in high-dose males (−6.7%) and females (−5.8%) compared with that seen in controls. There were no tedizolid-related adverse neurobehavioral effects or tedizolid-related histopathologic changes in the central/peripheral nervous systems, including the optic nerve. Results of this study indicate that tedizolid was not neurotoxic when administered long term to pigmented rats at doses near the MTD, which were up to 8-fold higher than the human therapeutic exposure.

scholarly journals The Toxic Effect of Manganese on the Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Rat Brains

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Yousefi Babadi ◽  
Leila Sadeghi ◽  
Kobra Shirani ◽  
Ali Akbar Malekirad ◽  
Mohammad Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Chronic Dose ◽  
Essential Nutrient ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Chronic Doses ◽  
Dose Dependent

Manganese (Mn) is a naturally occurring element and an essential nutrient for humans and animals. However, exposure to high levels of Mn may cause neurotoxic effects. Accumulation of manganese damages central nervous system and causes Parkinson’s disease-like syndrome called manganism. Mn neurotoxicity has been suggested to involve an imbalance between the DAergic and cholinergic systems. The pathological mechanisms associated with Mn neurotoxicity are poorly understood, but several reports have established it is mediated by changing of AChE activity that resulted in oxidative stress. Therefore we focused the effect of Mn in AChE activity in the rat’s brain by MnCl2injection intraperitoneally and analyzed their brains after time intervals. This study used different acute doses in short time course and different chronic doses at different exposing time to investigate which of them (exposing dose or time) is more important in Mn toxic effect. Results showed toxic effect of Mn is highly dose dependent and AChE activity in presence of chronic dose in 8 weeks reaches acute dose in only 2 days.

scholarly journals Preliminary Toxicological Studies On 0, 0-diethyl, 0(2-isopropyl -6. Methyl - 4, Pyrimidinyl) Phosphorothioate (Diazinon) In Balami Sheep.

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
P. A. Onyeyili ◽  
F. A. Ameh ◽  
B. S. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Observable Effect ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Toxicity studies of 0,0-diethyl-0-(2- isoprophyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate (DiazinonR) was carried out in the Balami breed of sheep. The agent was administered orally daily for one week at the rate of 20, 25 and 30mg/kg body weight to groups of sheep. The 30mg/kg dose produced transient clinical signs in the sheep. Diazinon inhibited plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase activity. The intensity of the inhibition was more with 30mg/kg dose and occurred as from day 3 and lasted till the end of the investigation 7 days post treatment. Leucocytosis was also observed with the 30mg/kg dose. There was no observable effect of the chemical on the RBC, Hb, and PCV values in sheep at the dosages used.

scholarly journals Toxicity Evaluation of a Traditional Polyherbal Unani Formulation Jawarish Shahi in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
Mohd Urooj ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Ahmed Khan ◽  
G. Thejaswini ◽  
Munawwar Husain Kazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Dose Levels

Jawarish Shahi (JS) is a compound polyherbal Unani pharmacopoeial formulation indicated for Khafqan (Palpitation), Nafkh-e-Shikam (Flatulence) and Waswas (Insanity; false perception and hallucinations). Jawarish Shahi contains herbs like Halela (Terminalia chebula), Amla (Emblica officinalis), Kishneez (Coriandrum sativum), Elaichi Khurd, (Elettaria cardamomum), and Bed Mushk (Salix caprea). The present study was carried out as per OECD 408 guidance to evaluate 90 days repeated oral dose toxicity in male and female Sprague Dawley rats. The study was performed at dose levels 1028 and 2000 mg/kg bw. No adverse effects were reported with respect to body weight, feed intake, behavior and clinical signs indicative of systemic toxicity. The expected growth pattern was observed in body weight and feed intake as compared to control group at both dose levels in male and female rats. There were few significant alterations with respect to hematology, and clinical biochemistry, however the results were within normal range thus considered toxicologically insignificant. The microscopic examination of different organ/tissue showed that no histopathological changes were observed. The findings of the study showed that No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for JS is greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight

scholarly journals Toxicity assessment of a technical product of the triazole class

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1276-1279
Author(s):  
Valery N. Rakitskii ◽  
Tatiana M. Epishina ◽  
Elena G. Chkhvirkiya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Technical Product ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Introduction. Historically, pesticides are evaluated more strictly from a medical point of view than other chemicals. Since their features, such as deliberate introduction into the environment, the possibility of contact with them by large masses of the population, and the high biological activity determine their potential danger to humans. Purpose of research - study of the biological effect of a technical product derived from triazoles when it is repeatedly ingested orally in mammals (rats), establishment of inactive and active doses, justification of the permissible daily dose (DSD) for humans. Material and methods. In acute experiments, white rats were used, including 6 animals in the group. Tested dose: 500-4000 mg/kg of body weight. A chronic (12 months) experiment was performed on 80 male rats with a bodyweight of 180-190 g at the beginning of the study. Tested doses: 5.0; 16.0 and 55.0 mg/kg of body weight (1 control and 3 experimental animals, 20 individuals each). In the dynamics of the experiment, we observed the condition and behavior of animals, water, and food consumption, recorded the timing of death, changes in body weight, physiological, biochemical, and hematological indices. Results. Indices of the acute oral toxicity on the studied product LD50 male rats were 2250 ± 483 mg/kg body weight. The dose of 5.0 mg / kg of body weight was not found to cause significant changes in all studied indices. The doses of 16.0 and 55.0 mg/kg of body weight had a polytropic effect on the body in experimental animals. Discussion. The studied product for the acute oral toxicity refers to low-hazard compounds, the doses of 16.0 and 55.0 mg/kg of body weight has a polytropic effect on the mammalian body, causing changes in carbohydrate, lipid, and lipoprotein metabolism in the body of rats - was accepted as acting. The dose of 5.0 mg / kg of body weight, when administered in rats, there are no changes in all the studied parameters throughout the experiment, is accepted as invalid. Based on the inactive dose-5.0 mg/kg of body weight and taking into account the reserve factor of 100, we have scientifically justified DSD for a person at the level of 0.05 mg/kg. Summary. The conducted sanitary and Toxicological studies indicate the need to assess the toxicity of new technical products to the mammalian body, to increase the reliability of the developed hygiene standards in environmental objects and food products.

scholarly journals Flos Puerariae Extract Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-he Liu ◽  
Hong-guang Chen ◽  
Pan-feng Wu ◽  
Qing Yao ◽  
Hong-ke Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Test Body ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Mice Model

Objective. The effects of Flos Puerariae extract (FPE) on cognitive impairment associated with diabetes were assessed in C57BL/6J mice.Methods. Experimental diabetic mice model was induced by one injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) for 5 days consecutively. FPE was orally administrated at the dosages of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day, respectively. The learning and memory ability was assessed by Morris water maze test. Body weight, blood glucose, free fatty acid (FFA) and total cholesterol (TCH) in serum, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were also measured.Results. Oral administration of FPE significantly improved cognitive deficits in STZ-induced diabetic mice. FPE treatment also maintained body weight and ameliorated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in diabetic mice. Additionally, decreased MDA level, enhanced CAT, and GSH-Px activities in cerebral cortex or hippocampus, as well as alleviated AChE activity in cerebral cortex, were found in diabetic mice supplemented with FPE.Conclusion. This study suggests that FPE ameliorates memory deficits in experimental diabetic mice, at least partly through the normalization of metabolic abnormalities, ameliorated oxidative stress, and AChE activity in brain.

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