scholarly journals Money used in gaming is associated with problem gambling: Results of the ESPAD 2019 Finland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Castrén ◽  
Johanna Järvinen-Tassopoulos ◽  
Kirsimarja Raitasalo
Keyword(s):  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Gambling Participation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Problematic Gaming ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

Abstract Background and aims The convergence of gaming and gambling may pose a risk for adolescents. Thus, it is important to find out how these behaviours are associated with other addictive behaviours in order to develop efficient preventive measures for youth. The aim of this study was to examine 1) whether problematic gaming and money used for gaming activities are risk factors for gambling, and 2) what kind of impact adolescents’ substance use along with other factors related to friends and parents have on this association. Methods The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs data, 2019 of Finnish adolescents aged 15 to 16 (N = 4595). Cross-tabulations with Rao-Scott’s chisquare tests were applied to study the associations of the background factors with gambling in the past 12 months. A multinomial logistic regression model was fitted for the outcome variable (gambling in the past 12 months) adjusted for all independent and background variables. Results Problematic gaming alone was not associated with gambling participation, whereas using money for digital games increased the risk of gambling. Boys gamble more than girls. The use of alcohol and drugs increased the risk of gambling. Parental monitoring reduced the risk of gambling, whereas hanging around weekly with friends increased the risk. Discussion and conclusions Using money on gaming sites may put some adolescents at risk of developing problems with either gaming or gambling. The link between using money in digital games and gambling participation calls for preventive measures, intervention and regulatory acts.

Perceived Effectiveness of Random Testing for Alcohol and Drugs in the Australian Aviation Community

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Christina M. Rudin-Brown ◽  
Eve Mitsopoulos-Rubens ◽  
Michael G. Lenné
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Random Testing ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Student Pilots ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

Random testing for alcohol and other drugs (AODs) in individuals who perform safety-sensitive activities as part of their aviation role was introduced in Australia in April 2009. One year later, an online survey (N = 2,226) was conducted to investigate attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge regarding random testing and to gauge perceptions regarding its effectiveness. Private, recreational, and student pilots were less likely than industry personnel to report being aware of the requirement (86.5% versus 97.1%), to have undergone testing (76.5% versus 96.1%), and to know of others who had undergone testing (39.9% versus 84.3%), and they had more positive attitudes toward random testing than industry personnel. However, logistic regression analyses indicated that random testing is more effective at deterring AOD use among industry personnel.

DEATH STRUCTURE BY MATERIALS OF FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Indiaminov ◽  
A.Zh. Usarov ◽  
A.F. Asatulaev ◽  
O.E. Mahmudov
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
The Past

The article analyzes the structure of death over the past 10 years based on the materials of the regional forensic medical examination. The need for developing preventive measures and taking the necessary measures to prevent mortality is emphasized.

Low Utility in Colposcopy-directed Biopsies for Non-high Grade Cytological Abnormalities on PAP Smear

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Eronmwon E. Gbinigie ◽  
Joshua Fogel ◽  
Maggie Tetrokalashvili
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Cytologic Abnormalities ◽  
Cytology Screening

Background: Clinicians commonly perform colposcopy directed biopsies on patients with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) on PAP cytology even when not consistent with clinical guidelines. Objective: We study the association of PAP cytology screening results with cervical intra-epithelia neoplasia (CIN) 2-3 high-grade dysplasia, as confirmed by colposcopy-directed biopsy. Methods: A retrospective study of 263 women with an abnormality on the PAP smear. Multinomial logistic regression was performed with predictors of PAP cytology screening results with the outcome variable of colposcopy-directed biopsy. Results: High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) had significantly increased relative risk for CIN 2-3 (RR: 9.85, 95% CI: 1.84, 52.79, p=0.008). LSIL was not significantly associated with CIN 2-3. In the comparisons of negative with CIN-1, both HSIL and LSIL were not significantly associated with a negative biopsy. Conclusion: HSIL is associated with cervical dysplasia of CIN 2-3 while LSIL is not associated with cervical dysplasia of CIN 2-3. We do not recommend routine biopsies in patients with LSIL cytologic abnormalities unless additional compelling factors exist.

Consumo de Álcool e Outras Drogas em uma Faculdade de Medicina do Sul de Minas Gerais / Consumption of Alcohol and Other Drugs in a Medical School in Southern Minas Gerais

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gelvane Tostes ◽  
Fernanda Paiva de Campos ◽  
Luís Gustavo Rodrigues Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
General Population ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs ◽  
De Medicina

Objetivo: Traçar o perfil e estabelecer a prevalência do consumo álcool e/ou outras drogas entre os estudantes de uma faculdade de medicina do Sul de Minas Gerais. Materiais e Métodos: Os dados foram coletados com 419 alunos matriculados na faculdade no ano de 2013, a partir de questionário anônimo, o qual apresentou variáveis de idade, sexo, série do curso, uso de bebida alcoólica e drogas, frequência no ultimo mês (Julho/2013). Resultados: Constatou-se que 99% dos estudantes entrevistados já fizeram uso de bebida alcoólica ao menos uma vez na vida, sendo que 73% relataram que o ingresso na faculdade aumentou o consumo. Observou-se que o consumo é maior entre o sexo masculino. Quanto ao uso de outras drogas, 43,6% dos entrevistados relataram que fizeram uso ao menos uma vez na vida. No último mês (Julho/2013), 87,6% consumiram álcool, 23,4% tabaco, 13,4% maconha, 6,9% estimulantes, 6,2% tranquilizantes, 5,5% inalantes, 4,8% alucinógenos, 1,7% cocaína /crack, 0,2%   opiácios.  Conclusão: Os dados mostram que estudantes de medicina desta faculdade tendem a consumir drogas até duas vezes mais do que população em geral, A droga mais usada continua sendo o álcool, mas há consumo expressivo de outras substâncias como a maconha e cocaína.Palavras-chave: Álcool, Drogas, Estudantes de Medicina.ABSTRACTObjective: To describe a profile and establish the prevalence of alcohol consumption and / or other drugs among students of a medical school in southern Minas Gerais. Materials and Methods: Data were collected with 419 students enrolled in college in 2013 , from anonymous questionnaire , which presented variables of age, sex, year in the course, use of alcohol and drugs, frequency in the last month (July / 2013). Results:  99% of surveyed students were found to have already made use of alcohol at least once in their lifetime, and 73% reported entrance in college increased consumption. Higher consumption was observed among males. Regarding use of other drugs, 43.6% of the respondents have used them at least once in their life. In the previous month (July / 2013), 87.6% used alcohol, 23.4% tobacco, 13.4% marijuana, 6.9% stimulants, 6.2% tranquilizers, 5.5% inhalants 4.8% hallucinogens, 1.7% crack / cocaine, 0.2% opiates. Conclusion: The data show that college students tend to consume drugs up twice more often than the general population. The most widely used drug remains being alcohol, but there is significant use of other substances such as marijuana and cocaine.Keywords: Alcohol, Drugs, Medical Students.

Multiple Physical Symptoms of Community-Dwelling Older People in Western China: Prevalence and Its Association with Frailty

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shuli Jia ◽  
Wanyu Zhao ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Lisha Hou ◽  
Xin Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Western China ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Multiple Symptoms

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Physical symptoms and frailty are common in older adults. A previous study has reported that multiple somatic symptoms are associated with frailty. In this study, we aimed to describe the picture of physical symptoms in older adults in western China and examine the relationship of multiple physical symptoms and frailty, as well as the sex difference of this relationship. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Cross-sectional analyses were based on the West China Health and Aging Trend (WCHAT) study comprising 4,106 community-dwelling older adults (60–95 years). Frailty was assessed using the physical frailty phenotype (PFP). Participants’ experience of 28 different physical symptoms in the past 4 weeks was assessed. Physical symptoms were divided into several categories according to organ systems. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between frailty and multiple physical symptoms. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Nearly half of the subjects reported experiencing at least 1 physical symptom during the past 4 weeks. Musculoskeletal symptoms were the most prevalent symptoms. More than 5 physical symptoms were more likely to be frailty, even when all covariates were controlled. A significant association between multiple musculoskeletal symptoms and frailty also was found after adjusted for all covariates and multiple symptoms of other organ systems. Similar results were obtained for multiple cardiopulmonary symptoms. Furthermore, there were sex differences in these relationships. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Multiple physical symptoms appear to have a detrimental impact on frailty in older adults. Compared with counting total symptoms, multiple symptoms of the same organ system may have a greater impact on frailty. Effective interventions and management of multiple physical symptoms are warranted to prevent frailty.

scholarly journals Violence and discrimination among Ugandan residents during the COVID-19 lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Katana ◽  
Bob Omoda Amodan ◽  
Lilian Bulage ◽  
Alex R. Ario ◽  
Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Past

Abstract Background In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Uganda inclusive, implemented lockdowns, curfew, banning of both private and public transport systems, and mass gatherings to minimize spread. Social control measures for COVID-19 are reported to increase violence and discrimination globally, including in Uganda as some may be difficult to implement resulting in the heavy deployment of law enforcement. Media reports indicated that cases of violence and discrimination had increased in Uganda’s communities following the lockdown. We estimated the incidence and factors associated with experiencing violence and discrimination among Ugandans during the COVID-19 lockdown to inform control and prevention measures. Methods In April 2020, we conducted a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data under the International Citizen Project (ICP) to assess adherence to public health measures and their impact on the COVID-19 outbreak in Uganda. We analyzed data on violence and discrimination from the ICP study. We performed descriptive statistics for all the participants’ characteristics and created a binary outcome variable called experiencing violence and/or discrimination. We performed logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with experiencing violence and discrimination. Results Of the 1726 ICP study participants, 1051 (58.8%) were males, 841 (48.7%) were currently living with a spouse or partner, and 376 (21.8%) had physically attended work for more than 3 days in the past week. Overall, 145 (8.4%) experienced any form of violence and/or discrimination by any perpetrator, and 46 (31.7%) of the 145 reported that it was perpetrated by a law enforcement officer. Factors associated with experiencing violence or discrimination were: being male (AOR = 1.60 CI:1.10–2.33), having attended work physically for more than 3 days in the past week (AOR = 1.52 CI:1.03–2.23), and inability to access social or essential health services since the epidemic started (AOR = 3.10 CI:2.14–4.50). Conclusion A substantial proportion of Ugandan residents experienced violence and/or discrimination during the COVID-19 lockdown, mostly perpetrated by law enforcement officers. We recommend mitigation of the collateral impact of lockdowns with interventions that focus on improving policing quality, ensuring continuity of essential services, and strengthening support systems for vulnerable groups including males.

scholarly journals Associations between intimate partner violence and married women’s condom and other contraceptive use in rural India

Sexual Health ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anindita Dasgupta ◽  
Niranjan Saggurti ◽  
Mohan Ghule ◽  
Elizabeth Reed ◽  
Balaiah Donta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
The Past ◽  
Contraception Use

Background The existing literature on the intersection between women’s reports of spousal intimate partner violence (IPV) and contraceptive use in South Asia is conflicted. Results vary based on method of contraception use and form of violence (physical or sexual), and few examine the relationship between IPV and various methods of modern spacing contraceptive (MSC) use. This study examines associations between IPV and MSC use among a sample of married, not-currently pregnant couples in rural Maharashtra, India (n = 861). Methods: Multinomial logistic regression models assessed wives’ physical and sexual IPV victimisation (for the past 6-months) in relation to the wives’ past 3-month MSC use (categorised as condom use, other MSCs [oral pills, Intrauterine device (IUD)] and no MSCs). Results: In terms of violence, 9% (n = 78) and 4% (n = 34) of wives reported recent physical and sexual IPV victimisation, respectively. The majority (72%; n = 621) did not use any MSC method in the past 3 months; 14% (n = 119) reported recent condom use, and the same proportion reported other MSC use. Recent physical IPV was associated with increased likelihood of recent condom use (AOR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.20, 5.04), and recent sexual IPV was associated with increased likelihood of recent use of other MSC (AOR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.24, 8.56). Conclusions: These findings reinforce the need for integration of counselling around IPV prevention and intervention programming into existing family planning services targeting married couples in rural Maharashtra, India.

scholarly journals Game Studies meets Surveillance Studies at the Edge of Digital Culture: An Introduction to a special issue on Surveillance, Games and Play

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Whitson ◽  
Bart Simon
Keyword(s):  
Data Gathering ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Game Studies ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Finite Range ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Sorting ◽  
The Relationship

While we could attribute the close ties between surveillance and video games to their shared military roots, in this editorial we argue that the relationship goes much deeper to that. Even non-digital games such as chess require a mode of watchfulness: an attention to each piece in relation to the past, present, and future; a drive to predict an opponent’s movements; and, a distillation of the player-subject into a knowable finite range of possible actions defined by the rules. Games are social sorting, disciplinary, social control machines.In this introduction we tease apart some of the intersections of games and surveillance, beginning with a discussion of the NSA documents leaked by Edward Snowden on using games to both monitor and influence unsuspecting populations. Next, we provide an overview of corporate data-gathering practices in games and further outline the production of manageable, computable subjectivities. Then, we show how the game Watch Dogs explores the surveillant capacities of games at both the game mechanical and representational scales. These three different facets of surveillance, games, and play set the scene for the special issue and the diverse articles that follow.  In the following pages we pose new lines of questioning that highlight the nuances of play and offer new modes of thinking about what games - and the processes of watching and being watched that are a foundational part of the experience – can tell us about surveillance.

scholarly journals Road Safety Week: Past and Present

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
M. P. Tishakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Domestic Practice ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

The relevance of the presented research is determined by insufficient knowledge from the historical and legal standpoint of conducting operational and preventive measures, such as a week (decade, month) of road safety, but at the same time their high significance and effectiveness. In this paper, on the basis of previously unknown archival documents and materials, organizational and legal measures are considered for the first in domestic practice decade of road safety in the territory of Donbass. The attention is focused on the key areas of preparation and implementation of the Decade plan by local authorities and public organizations. The nature of the preparation and implementation of the planned road safety decade plan does not lose its relevance at the present stage. Today, the road safety week has gained international importance and is being implemented with the support of the United Nations. At the regional level, as in the past, a week (decade, month) of road safety is actively being held, while the nature of the activities and their intended purpose, for the most part, have remained unchanged, but at the same time, the urgent problem is the lack of a unified procedure for carrying out these events.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption among Chilean adolescents: Examining individual, peer, parenting and environmental factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Enrique Sanhueza ◽  
Jorge Delva ◽  
Cristina Bares ◽  
Andrew Grogan-Kaylor
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Related Problem ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Neighborhood Conditions ◽  
Problematic Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Related Problem ◽  
Drunk Alcohol

Sanhueza, G. E., Delva, J., Bares, C. B. & Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2013). Alcohol consumption among Chilean adolescents: Examining individual, peer, parenting and environmental factors. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(1), 89-97.   doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.71 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.71)Aims: This study examined whether adolescents from Santiago, Chile who had never drunk alcohol differed from those who had drunk alcohol but who had never experienced an alcohol-related problem, as well as from those who had drunk and who had experienced at least one alcohol-related problem on a number of variables from four domains - individual, peers, parenting, and environmental.Design: Cross-sectional.Setting: Community based sample.Participants: 909 adolescents from Santiago, Chile.Measurements: Data were analyzed with multinomial logistic regression to compare adolescents who had never drunk alcohol (non-drinkers) with i) those that had drunk but who had experienced no alcohol-related problems (non-problematic drinkers) and ii) those who had drunk alcohol and had experienced at least one alcohol-related problem (problematic drinkers). The analyses included individual, peer, parenting, and environmental factors while controlling for age, sex, and socioeconomic status.Findings: Compared to non-drinkers, both non-problematic and problematic drinkers were older, reported having more friends who drank alcohol, greater exposure to alcohol ads, lower levels of parental monitoring, and more risk-taking behaviors. In addition, problematic drinkers placed less importance on religious faith to make daily life decisions and had higher perceptions of neighborhood crime than non-drinkers.Conclusions: Prevention programs aimed at decreasing problematic drinking could benefit from drawing upon adolescents’ spiritual sources of strength, reinforcing parental tools to monitor their adolescents, and improving environmental and neighborhood conditions.

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