Effect of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] stress in roots of Cr-tolerant and Cr-sensitive barley cultivars

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yildiz ◽  
H. Terzi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of different chromium [Cr(VI)] concentrations (0, 75, 150 and 225 μM) on dehydrogenase activity, total soluble protein, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes was investigated in the roots of two barley cultivars (Cr-tolerant Zeynelağa and Cr-sensitive Orza-96) in hydroponic experiments. The root dehydrogenase activity and protein content decreased with an increase in the Cr(VI) concentration, but no significant difference was found between the two barley cultivars. Cr(VI) stress increased the contents of proline and MDA in both cultivars, but this effect was more pronounced in Orza-96 than in Zeynelağa. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD), exhibited changes. The SOD activity increased in Zeynelağa and decreased in Orza-96 at 225 μM Cr(VI) compared to their controls. Cr(VI) stress decreased the APX and POD activities. Zeynelağa had greater APX activity than Orza-96 at 150 and 225 μM Cr(VI). However, there was no marked difference in POD activities between the two cultivars. The decrease in root dehydrogenase activity and protein content, the increase in proline and lipid peroxidation, and the alterations in the activities of antioxidant enzymes may be indicative of oxidative stress induced by Cr(VI).

Antioxidant Responses and Lipid Peroxidation of Penaeus Indicus Postlarvae Subjected to Sublethal Copper Exposure

Crustaceana ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1197-1210 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Products ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Penaeus Indicus

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of sublethal copper concentrations on certain antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products in the postlarvae (PL) of Penaeus indicus when subjected to short- and long-term exposure in the laboratory. The PL of P. indicus were exposed to 0.1641 ppm (sublethal) copper for a period of 30 days along with a parallel control. Sampling was carried out at six different time intervals, i.e., 24, 48, and 96 hrs (shortterm), and 10, 20, and 30 days (long-term). Variations in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, namely, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as lipid peroxidation products (LPP) were measured as biomarkers of metal toxicity. Our results showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in LPP (indicating oxidative stress) and CAT activity (indicating an adaptive response of the PL for protection against oxidative stress) in the exposed PL for all periods of exposure. However, SOD activity significantly (P < 0.05) decreased on 20 and 30 days exposure, indicating susceptibility of the PL to oxidative stress upon long-term exposure. Therefore, CAT can serve as a better biomarker of oxidative stress than SOD to long-term copper toxicity. Our results indicate that copper contamination causes oxidative stress even at sublethal doses in Penaeus indicus PL, which can thus be used as a potential biomarker of copper toxicity for long-term monitoring of coastal marine ecosystems.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in triticale shoots under chloride salinization

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Viktor V. Ivanishchev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Oxidative Stress Indicators

We studied alterations in oxidative stress indicators (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, lipid peroxidation – LPO) and alterations in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase) in triticale shoots (Triticosecale) during short-term (0-96 h) sodium chloride stress (120 mM) with statistical methods: principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Analysis of alterations in the activity of enzymes with the PCA method does not allow them to be unambiguously included in a single group, despite the fact that they all belong to antioxidant enzymes. The inclusion of oxidative stress indicators in this analysis did not make the picture simpler. Using the cluster analysis method, it can be concluded that under conditions of short-term chloride stress in the shoots of triticale, much more catalase (than other enzymes studied) is associated with the protection of membranes from lipid peroxidation than with the utilization of hydrogen peroxide. This is also reflected by the highest correlation coefficients: catalase – LPO (0.94), catalase – hydrogen peroxide (0.79). The formation of primary clusters between ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase reflect the significance of the association of the ascorbate – glutathione cycle with the processes of utilization of reactive oxygen species (primarily hydrogen peroxide) under experimental conditions. It was also shown that under conditions of short-term chloride stress in the shoots of triticale, guaiacol peroxidase plays the least role in the utilization of hydrogen peroxide. In this case, salt ions again form a single primary cluster, which combines with other clusters at the maximum Euclidean distance in the experiment.

scholarly journals Characterization of Blood Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Increase in Lipid Peroxidation and SOD Activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suziy de M. Bandeira ◽  
Glaucevane da S. Guedes ◽  
Lucas José S. da Fonseca ◽  
André S. Pires ◽  
Daniel P. Gelain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Close Relationship

This study evaluated the oxidative stress through enzymatic and nonenzymatic biomarkers in diabetic patients with and without hypertension and prediabetics. The SOD and CAT (in erythrocytes) and GPx (in plasma) enzymatic activities, plasma levels of lipid peroxidation, and total thiols were measured in the blood of 55 subjects with type 2 diabetes and 38 subjects without diabetes (9 pre-diabetics and 29 controls) aged 40–86 years. The total SOD activity and the lipid peroxidation were higher in diabetics compared to nondiabetics. In stratified groups, the total SOD activity was different for the hypertensive diabetics compared to the prediabetics and normotensive controls. Lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in both groups of diabetics (hypertensive and normotensive) compared to prediabetic groups and hypertensive and normotensive controls. There was no significant difference in the CAT and GPx activities, as well as in the concentration of total thiols in the groups studied. Present data strongly suggest the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of diabetes, revealing that the increased lipid peroxidation has a close relationship with high glucose levels, as observed by the fasting glucose and HbA1c levels. The results evidence the correlation between lipid peroxidation and DM, irrespective of the presence of hypertension.

scholarly journals Determination of Resistance Cumhuriyet-75 and Selimiye-95 Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Varieties Against to Some Abiotic Stress Factories

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 923
Author(s):  
Nezahat Turfan ◽  
Ekrem Mutlu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Carotenoid Level

In this study, resistance mechanism of two wheat genotypes against salt, heavy metal, lime and drought (50%) treatments were investigated in summer Cumhuriyet-75 and winter Selimiye-95. According to results chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid level increased in FeCl3, drought and 225 mM NaCl in Cumhuriyet-75 but they were higher at NaCl, FeCl3 and ZnCl2 treatments in Selimiye-95 comparison to control. While H2O2 content rose all stres treatments in both varieties but Malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased in Selimiye with all applications. The amount of proline is lower in Cumhuiyet-75 but higher in Selimiye-95. Total soluble protein was found higher at salt concentartion and drought in both varieties. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Süperoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in salt and FeCl3 in Selimiye-95 but SOD ativity were higher at salt treatments in Cumhuriyet-75. And also in both varieties APX and Guaiacol peroxidase (GuPX) increased at FeCl3 but Catalase (CAT) were higher in only FeCl3 in Cumhuriyet-75. As a result Selimiye-95 showed tolerance to salt and FeCl3 with high photosynthetic pigment, proline and soluble protein content with lower MDA but it is sensitive to NiCl2 and drought. Whereas Cumhuriyet-75 cultivar is resistan to drought, FeCl3 and 225 mM NaCl depended on pigment, protein content and APX, CAT, GuPX and SOD activities. When all the data are taken into consideration, it was concluded that the responses of the varieties to the treatments changed according to the type and concentration of stress, and Selimiye-95 variety was tolerant compared to Cumhuriyet-75 variety.

78 THE PERIOVULATORY ENDOCRINE MILIEU AFFECTS THE OXIDATIVE STRESS CONTROL ON ENDOMETRIUM OF COWS

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
R. d. S. Ramos ◽  
A. P. Izaguirry ◽  
L. M. Vargas ◽  
M. B. Soares ◽  
F. S. Mesquita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Endometrial Tissue ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Uterine Environment

Acknowledging that the local oxidative profile (pro or antioxidant) may influence the control of very specific mechanisms such as intracellular signalling as well as the unspecific damage caused by oxidative stress, it is proposed that the balance between reducing and oxidative activities of the uterine environment (i.e. the REDOX profile) is regulated by exposure to ovarian steroids. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of the periovulatory endocrine milieu on concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activity of antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation profile on the endometrial tissue of cows in early diestrus. Eighty-three cyclic, nonlactating Nelore cows received an intravaginal progesterone (P4) device and an injection of oestradiol benzoate (E2) on Day –10. Animals were divided into 2 groups to receive sodium cloprostenol (PGF; large follicle group; LFG; N = 42) or not (small follicle group; SFG; N = 41) on Day –10. Progesterone devices were removed and prostaglandin F2α was injected between Day –2.5 and Day –1.75 in cows from LFG, and between Day –1.5 and Day –1.25 in cows from SFG. Ovulation was induced with GnRH on Day 0. Progesterone and oestradiol plasma concentrations were quantified. Animals were slaughtered on Day 7, when endometrial tissue was collected. A subgroup of ovulated cows (n = 9 per group) was selected to assess the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Furthermore, the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and ROS by spectrofluorometry and lipid peroxidation by assessment of malondialdehyde concentrations were determined. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed by ANOVA (Statistica 4.5; StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA). Maximum diameter of the preovulatory follicle (mean ± s.e.m.; 13.36 ± 0.29 v. 11.11 ± 0.33 mm, respectively; P < 0.01), plasma concentrations of P4 on Day 7 (3.71 ± 0.25 v. 2.62 ± 0.26 ng mL–1; P < 0.01) and E2 on Day 0 (2.94 ± 0.28 v. 1.27 ± 0.2 pg mL–1; P < 0.01) were greater in LFG compared with SFG. The SFG showed lower enzymatic activity for CAT (0.79 ± 0.09 v. 0.5 ± 0.07 U mg–1 of protein; P < 0.01) and GPx (2.43 ± 0.39 v. 2.0 ± 0.35 nmol of NADPH/min/mg of protein; P < 0.05) than LFG. Additionally, lipid peroxidation was increased in SFG (177.68 ± 46.46 v. 255.71 ± 40.64 nmol of MDA/g of tissue; P < 0.01), similarly to SOD activity (37.76 ± 3.95 v. 44.77 ± 7.66 IU; P < 0.05). Concentrations of ROS and GSH were not different between groups. In conclusion, the periovulatory endocrine environment alters antioxidant mechanisms in the endometrium of cows in early diestrus. Specifically, it is proposed that the greater antioxidant activity observed on the LFG provided an environment that was less prone to lipid peroxidation than that from the SFG. The increase in SOD activity suggests a compensatory mechanism triggered by an environment potentially more oxidative observed on the SFG. The REDOX profile observed on the experimental groups may be associated with higher fertility observed in cows with higher E2 and P4 concentration during the proestrus and early diestrus, respectively. We acknowledge support from CNPq, FAPESP; Ourofino, CCPS-USP.

scholarly journals Assessment of antioxidant enzymes in leaves and roots of Phaseolus vulgaris plants under cadmium stress//Evaluación de enzimas antioxidantes en hojas y raíces de plantas Phaseolus vulgaris bajo estrés de cadmio

Biotecnia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Paulina Beatriz Gutiérrez-Martínez ◽  
Martha Isabel Torres-Morán ◽  
María C. Romero-Puertas ◽  
Josefina Casas-Solís ◽  
Patricia Zarazúa-Villaseñor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Estrés Oxidativo ◽  
Leaves And Roots

The aim of this work was to evaluate the response of Phaseolus vulgaris plants to oxidative stress by cadmium in leaves and roots at different concentrations (0 (control), 0.25, 0.50 and 1 μM). We assessed oxidative stress by the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as protein content. Likewise, we determined the antioxidant enzymatic activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) enzymes. The results demonstrated a decrease in protein content of roots and leaves, starting with the addition of 0.25 μM Cd, but the MDA content and H2O2 levels increased with the addition of 0.25, 0.50 and 1 μM Cd, this due to the formation of reactive oxygen species. The SOD, APX and GPX enzymatic activity increased in roots treated with 0.25 μM Cd, but these enzymes decreased to higher concentrations (0.50 and 1 μM). On the other hand, the activity of CAT increased in leaves exposed to 0.5 and 1 μM of Cd. These results indicate that these antioxidant enzymes can act simultaneously in the elimination of reactive oxygen species.RESUMENEl objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la respuesta de plantas de Phaseolus vulgaris al estrés oxidativo causado por el cadmio en hojas y raíces en diferentes concentraciones, las cuales fueron 0 (control), 0,25, 0,50 y 1 μM de cadmio. El estrés oxidativo se evaluó mediante el contenido de peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2) y malondialdehído (MDA), así como el contenido de proteína. Asimismo, se determinó la actividad enzimática antioxidante de las enzimas superóxido dismutasa (SOD), catalasa (CAT), ascorbato peroxidasa (APX) y guaiacol peroxidasa (GPX). Los resultados demostraron una disminución en el contenido de proteínas de las raíces y hojas a partir de la concentración 0.25 μM de Cd, pero el contenido de MDA y los niveles de H2O2 aumentaron con la adición de 0.25, 0.50 y 1 μM de Cd, esto debido a la formación de especies reactivas de oxígeno. La actividad enzimática de SOD, APX y GPX aumentaron en las raíces tratadas con 0.25 μM de Cd, pero estas enzimas disminuyeron a concentraciones más altas (0.50 y 1 μM). Por otro lado, la actividad de CAT aumentó en las hojas expuestas a 0.5 y 1 μM de Cd. Estos resultados indican que estas enzimas antioxidantes pueden actuar simultáneamente contra la eliminación de las especies reactivas de oxígeno.

The effect of cadaverine on redox homeostasis of wheat seedling roots and their resistance to damage heating

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-137
Author(s):  
Alexandr I. Kokorev ◽  
◽  
Yuriy E. Kolupaev ◽  
Maxim A. Shkliarevskyi ◽  
Anna A. Lugovaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Diamine Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Nadph Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Polyamines are plant metabolites involved in many processes under physiologically normal and stressful conditions. Cadaverine is one of the least studied plant polyamines. The relationship between its physiological effects and the formation of signaling mediators, in particular, reactive oxygen species (ROS), has hardly been specially studied. The aim of this work was to study the possible protective effect of cadaverine on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings under heat stress and its relationship with the formation and detoxification of ROS by antioxidant enzymes. Etiolated seedlings of soft winter wheat variety Doskonala were used in the work. We treated three-day-old seedlings with cadaverine at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 2.5 mM by adding it to the root incubation medium. In some variants of the experiment, we treated seedlings with a hydrogen peroxide scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU - 150 μM), a diamine oxidase inhibitor aminogunidine (1 mM) or an inhibitor NADPH oxidase imidazole (10 μM), as well as the indicated inhibitors in combination with cadaverine. The hydrogen peroxide content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were determined in the roots of seedlings a certain time after treatment with the studied compounds. One day after the treatment of seedlings with cadaverine, ROS antagonists, and a combination of effectors, the seedlings were subjected to damaging heating in a water thermostat (10 min at 45 °C). 24 h after heating, we assessed the content of the products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the roots and, after 3 days, the survival of seedlings. Incubation in the presence of cadaverine increased the resistance of seedlings to damaging heat (See Fig. 1). The highest relative number of surviving seedlings was observed in the variant with 1 mM cadaverine treatment. Under the effect of cadaverine, the content of hydrogen peroxide in the roots increased (See Fig. 2). We observed a noticeable effect 1-4 h after the start of treatment, with a maximum after 2 h. Treatment of seedlings with a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide DMTU removed the manifestation of the effect of an increase in the content of H2 O2 in the roots caused by the action of cadaverine (See Fig. 3). This effect was also completely eliminated by the diamine oxidase inhibitor aminoguanidine and was almost unchanged in the presence of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor imidazole. The effect of heat stress on seedlings caused an increase in the content of the LPO products in them. Treatment with cadaverine markedly reduced this manifestation of oxidative stress. The antioxidant DMTU and the diamine oxidase inhibitor aminoguanidine largely neutralized the protective effect of cadaverine (See Fig. 4a). At the same time, the NADPH oxidase inhibitor imidazole had almost no effect on the manifestation of the effect of cadaverine on the LPO products content in roots. Under the influence of DMTU and aminoguanidine, but not imidazole, the positive effect of cadaverine on the survival of seedlings after damaging heating was also leveled out (See Fig. 4b). The treatment of seedlings with cadaverine caused a change in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the roots (superoxide dismutase - SOD, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase) (See Fig. 5). DMTU and aminoguanidine neutralized the effect of cadaverine-induced increase in the activity of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase, but had almost no effect on the increase in SOD activity in roots induced by this diamine (See Fig. 6). The NADPH oxidase inhibitor imidazole did not significantly affect the manifestation of the effect of increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes when seedlings are treated with cadaverine. We can conclude that one of the signaling mediators involved in the regulation activity of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase and in the induction of heat resistance of wheat seedlings by exogenous cadaverine is hydrogen peroxide, which is formed during the oxidation of cadaverine by diamine oxidase. At the same time, the modification of SOD activity in the roots of wheat seedlings with cadaverine, apparently, can occur without the participation of ROS.

scholarly journals Defense Mechanisms of Two Pioneer Submerged Plants during Their Optimal Performance Period in the Bioaccumulation of Lead: A Comparative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Li ◽  
Linglei Zhang ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Xiaojia He ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Ceratophyllum Demersum ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Submerged Plants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mda Content

Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, two pioneer, submerged plants, effectively remove heavy metals from contaminated water. The present work evaluates the bioaccumulation and defense mechanisms of these plants in the accumulation of lead from contaminated water during their optimal performance period. C. demersum and H. verticillata were investigated after 14 days of exposure to various lead concentrations (5–80 μM). The lead accumulation in both C. demersum and H. verticillata increased with an increasing lead concentration, reaching maximum values of 2462.7 and 1792 mg kg−1 dw, respectively, at 80 μM. The biomass and protein content decreased significantly in C. demersum when exposed to lead. The biomass of H. verticillata exposed to lead had no significant difference from that of the controls, and the protein content increased for the 5–10 μM exposure groups. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were much higher in C. demersum, suggesting considerable damage from lipid peroxidation and sensitivity to lead stress. Enzyme inhibition and inactivation were also observed in C. demersum at high lead concentrations (40–80 μM). The excellent growth status, low damage from lipid peroxidation, and high activity of catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) observed in H. verticillata illustrate its better tolerance under the same lead stress.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity of rice plants sprayed with herbicides

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos André Nohatto ◽  
Dirceu Agostinetto ◽  
Ana Claudia Langaro ◽  
Claudia de Oliveira ◽  
Queli Ruchel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Defense Behavior ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase ◽  
Lower Capacity

ABSTRACT Understanding the physiological defense behavior of plants subjected to herbicide application may help to identify products with higher or lower capacity to cause oxidative stress in crops. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of herbicides in the antioxidant activity of rice plants. The experimental design was completely randomized, with six replications. Treatments consisted of the herbicides bentazon (photosystem II inhibitor; 960 g ha-1), penoxsulam (acetolactate synthase inhibitor; 60 g ha-1), cyhalofop-butyl (acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase inhibitor; 315 g ha-1) and a control. After the herbicides application, samples of rice shoots were collected at 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours after application (HAA). The components evaluated were hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Bentazon (up to 24 HAA) and penoxsulam (48 and 96 HAA) reduced the CAT activity. Moreover, these herbicides increased the levels of H2O2, lipid peroxidation and SOD activity, indicating a condition of oxidative stress in rice plants. The cyhalofop-butyl herbicide did not alter the antioxidant activity, showing that it causes less stress to the crop.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization and Fusarium culmorum Inoculation on the Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Wheat Flag Leaves

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Magdalena Matić ◽  
◽  
Rosemary Vuković ◽  
Karolina Vrandečić ◽  
Ivna Štolfa Čamagajevac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

During cultivation, wheat is exposed to several abiotic and/or biotic stress conditions that may adversely impact the wheat yield and quality. The impact of abiotic stress caused by nitrogen deficiency and biotic stress caused by phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium culmorum on biomarkers of oxidative stress in the flag leaf of nine winter wheat varieties (Ficko, U-1, Galloper, BC Mandica, BC Opsesija, Ingenio, Isengrain, Felix, and Bezostaya-1) was analyzed in this study. Hydrogen peroxide concentration and lipid peroxidation level were measured as indicators of oxidative stress, while the antioxidant response was determined by measuring the concentration of phenolic compounds and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Wheat variety and nitrogen treatment had a significant effect on all examined biomarkers of oxidative stress in the flag leaf, while the impact of Fusarium treatment was less pronounced. The most significant impact on the measured stress biomarkers had a low nitrogen level, which mainly increased hydrogen peroxide concentration and lipid peroxidation level and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes in most varieties. The obtained results were discussed and compared with the previous study in which biochemical analyzes were performed on the wheat spike. There was no significant strong correlation between flag leaf and spike response in the measured parameters, which, in addition to the variety-specific response, also indicates a tissue-specific antioxidant response.

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