Persistent Photoconductivity, the Staebler-Wronski Effect, and Long-Range Disorder in a-Si:H

1997 ◽  
Vol 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Quicker ◽  
P. W. West ◽  
J. Kakalios
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Persistent Photoconductivity ◽  
Conductance Fluctuations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Staebler Wronski Effect ◽  
Induced Changes

ABSTRACTWe report measurements of the conductivity, thermopower, and conductance fluctuations before and after light exposure for a-Si:H samples that show either persistent photoconductivity (PPC) or a Staebler-Wronski effect. Both the conductivity and thermopower are changed by light exposure, but no change is observed in the difference between the conductivity and thermopower activation energies for any of the samples studied here. This suggests that the long-range disorder is unaffected by light exposure. For some samples, the magnitude or statistical properties of the conductance fluctuations are affected by light exposure. We compare these results to previous studies of the Staebler-Wronski effect and discuss their implications for models of the light-induced changes and the 1/f noise in a-Si:H.

The Staebler-Wronski Effect and 1/f Noise in Amorphous Silicon

2001 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Belich ◽  
J. Kakalios
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Statistical Character ◽  
Non Gaussian ◽  
Staebler Wronski Effect ◽  
Q Function

ABSTRACTExperimental measurements of the Q-function (a comparison of the conductivity and thermopower activation energies) and the non-Gaussian statistical character of the 1/f noise in n-type doped a-Si:H as a function of light soaking (the Staebler-Wronski effect) are reported. There is a significant decrease in the non-Gaussian statistical character of the 1/f noise following light soaking of a device quality film, consistent with a slight increase in the long-range disorder. However, there is no change in the Q-function following light exposure, indicating that there is no significant increase in the long-range disorder.

A Comparative Study of Defect States in Light-Soaked and High-Temperature-Annealed a-Si:H

1993 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. M. Saleh ◽  
H. Tarui ◽  
S. Tsuda ◽  
S. Nakano ◽  
Y. Kuwano
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Dark Conductivity ◽  
Defect States ◽  
Narrow Component ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Induced Defects

Our previous results of light-induced electron spin resonance (LESR) indicate that, in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), light-induced defects differ from those formed during deposition or high-temperature annealing. A plausible interpretation, in which light-induced defects occupy higher-energy states, was proposed to explain these differences. In this study, the constant photocurrent method (CPM), dark conductivity and steady-state (SS) LESR are used to supply new evidence for the difference and conduct two important tests on our hypothesis. In striking agreement with our predictions, we find that the light-induced changes in the SS-LESR lineshape (a decrease in the narrow component relative to the broad one upon light exposure) become indeed more dramatic as the demarcation energies move closer to the midgap by increasing temperature or decreasing bias-light intensity for SS-LESR.

scholarly journals The Dispersion Process based on Organic-inorganic Composite Technology and its Application in Thermal Reflective Insulation Coatings

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xinfang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Dispersion Process ◽  
Polymer Encapsulation ◽  
Source Type ◽  
Insulation Coating ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rock Wool

With the photochemical activity of titanium dioxide, the surface polymer encapsulation is conducted to titanium dioxide under ultraviolet light initiation. It studies the influence of light source type, light exposure time and rate of charge on the product structure; the dispersion oftitanium dioxide was compared before and after modification by using light absorption method; the modified titanium dioxide was prepared into thermal reflective insulation coating, and the difference of thermal barrier effect among uncoated, rock wool board and thermal reflective insulation coating was contrasted by self-made equipment.

Tem analysis of multiple-energy arsenic implanted and Rta'd silicon

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
R.A. Herring
Keyword(s):  
Device Fabrication ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Defect Clusters ◽  
High Fluences ◽  
Small Defect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Factor Type

Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of ion-implanted Si is important for device fabrication. The defect structures of 2.5, 4.0, and 6.0 MeV As-implanted silicon irradiated to fluences of 2E14, 4E14, and 6E14, respectively, have been analyzed by electron diffraction both before and after RTA at 1100°C for 10 seconds. At such high fluences and energies the implanted As ions change the Si from crystalline to amorphous. Three distinct amorphous regions emerge due to the three implantation energies used (Fig. 1). The amorphous regions are separated from each other by crystalline Si (marked L1, L2, and L3 in Fig. 1) which contains a high concentration of small defect clusters. The small defect clusters were similar to what had been determined earlier as being amorphous zones since their contrast was principally of the structure-factor type that arises due to the difference in extinction distance between the matrix and damage regions.

Changes in Platelet Aggregability after Ovariectomy

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1332-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Takeshi Motomiya ◽  
Minoru Sonoda ◽  
Noboru Miyagawa
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Platelet Aggregability ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Observation Period

SummaryChanges in platelets in 48 patients with uterine myoma before and after hysterectomy with and without ovariectomy were examined. Bilateral ovariectomy in 25 cases (ovariec-tomized group) and unilateral or non-ovariectomy in 23 cases (control group) were performed at the hysterectomy. Platelet count and an appearance rate of secondary aggregation decreased at one day after and increased at one week after the operation, similarly in both the ovariectomized and the control group. The appearance rate of secondary aggregation was reflected in an intensity of aggregation at 5 min after the addition of reagent to PRP. At one month after the operation, the appearance rate of secondary aggregation induced by 3 μM ADP showed a statistically significant decrease in comparison with the preoperation value (P <0.05) and the enhancement of 5-min aggregation was still observed in the control group, while ceased in the ovariectomized group. The difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). There was almost no change in the speed and intensity of primary and secondary aggregation during the observation period. No significant differences in collagen-induced aggregation were noted between the two groups. The results suggest that ovarian hormones, mainly estrogen, facilitate platelet activation which is mediated by the so-called secondary aggregation.

PENGARUH TERAPI TERTAWA TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH LANSIA DI UPT PANTI WREDHA BUDHI DHARMA YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niken Setyaningrum ◽  
Andri Setyorini ◽  
Fachruddin Tri Fitrianta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Control Blood Pressure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTBackground: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases, because this disease is suffered byboth men and women, as well as adults and young people. Treatment of hypertension does not onlyrely on medications from the doctor or regulate diet alone, but it is also important to make our bodyalways relaxed. Laughter can help to control blood pressure by reducing endocrine stress andcreating a relaxed condition to deal with relaxation.Objective: The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of laughter therapy ondecreasing elderly blood pressure in UPT Panti Wredha Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta.Methods: The design used in this study is a pre-experimental design study with one group pre-posttestresearch design where there is no control group (comparison). The population in this study wereelderly aged over> 60 years at 55 UPT Panti Wredha Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta. The method oftaking in this study uses total sampling. The sample in this study were 55 elderly. Data analysis wasused to determine the difference in blood pressure before and after laughing therapy with a ratio datascale that was using Pairs T-TestResult: There is an effect of laughing therapy on blood pressure in the elderly at UPT Panti WredhaBudhi Dharma Yogyakarta marked with a significant value of 0.000 (P <0.05)

Klein with Lacan: A Study on the Reception of Lacanian Ideas in Uruguay and Its Effects on Clinical Practices (1955–82)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discursive Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Clinical Cases

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.

FRACTIONAL DETERMINATIONS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti A. Järvinen ◽  
Sykkö Pesonen ◽  
Pirkko Väänänen
Keyword(s):  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT The fractional determination of 17-ketosteroids in the daily urine was performed in nine cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and in four control cases, in the first trimester of pregnancy both before and after corticotrophin administration. The excretion of total 17-KS is similar in the two groups. Only in the hyperemesis group does the excretion of total 17-KS increase significantly after corticotrophin administration. The fractional determination reveals no difference between the two groups of patients with regard to the values of the fractions U (unidentified 17-KS), A (androsterone) and Rest (11-oxygenated 17-KS). The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone is significantly higher in the hyperemesis group than in the control group. The excretion of androstanolone seems to be lower in the hyperemesis group than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant. The differences in the correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstanolone in the two groups is significant. The high excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and low excretion of androstanolone in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum is a sign of adrenal dysfunction.

Automatic Tread Gaging Machine

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
G. S. Ludwig ◽  
F. C. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Automatic Machine ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Handling Device ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Straight Lines

Abstract An automatic tread gaging machine has been developed. It consists of three component systems: (1) a laser gaging head, (2) a tire handling device, and (3) a computer that controls the movement of the tire handling machine, processes the data, and computes the least-squares straight line from which a wear rate may be estimated. Experimental tests show that the machine has good repeatability. In comparisons with measurements obtained by a hand gage, the automatic machine gives smaller average groove depths. The difference before and after a period of wear for both methods of measurement are the same. Wear rates estimated from the slopes of straight lines fitted to both sets of data are not significantly different.

The Degree of Subjective Complaints of Students Practice in Mechanical Technology Laboratories

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
I Ketut Widana
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Paired T Test

The working practice of the engineering students is part of the learning process that is irreducible and indispensable. The composition of  lecturing between theoretical and practical one is 40% to 60%. With this condition, the students spend more time at the laboratory. Generally, the students perform in the laboratory work by standing position. The design of research is observational cross-sectional. The method applied is observation, interview and measuring. The subjects of research are practicing students amounting to 21 students. Referring to the analysis of statistical test or Wilcoxon signed ranks test, the difference of effect of work position is significant, namely p < 0.05 towards musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) before and after working. The quantity of the average complaint after working is score 44.62 ± 9.47. The result of Wilcoxon signed rank test shows that there is significant different effects of standing work position, namely p < 0.05 towards fatigue generally before and after working. The degree of the working pulse is on the average of 110.78  ± 17.80 bpm (beats per minutes) which can be categorized into the medium workload. Using paired t-test, the result is p < 0.05.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document