scholarly journals City-State (Medina) and Its Implementation in the Republic of Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Agus Nurhakim

This article describes on how the principle of the Islamic State concerned with Indonesia as a nation state. State elements theory explains that the country is composed of three elements such as the region, the people, and the government as well as the sovereignity. By using the literature study, this article found that the Prophet Muhammad is a leader who always carries his reign by implementing the principles of Islam as well. Among the principles of the state in Islamic perspective consists of the trust, consultation, fairness, freedom, and equality. Relating to this reason, the Indonesian state is seen as the state of law because it refers to the 1945 Indonesia Constitution (UUD 1945) and Pancasila. Shortly, Indonesia is in need of having the people who has the responsibility and trusted in maintaining this country.

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Rizal ◽  
Yanyan Yani

The purpose of state defense is to protect and to save the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, the sovereignty of the state, as well as its security from all kinds of threats, whether they are military or non-military ones. One of the non-military threats that potentially threatens the sovereignty and security of the nation-state is the misuse of technology and information in cyberspace. The threat of irresponsible cyber attacks can be initiated by both state and non-state actors. The actors may be an individual, a group of people, a faction, an organization, or even a country. Therefore, the government needs to anticipate cyber threats by formulating cyber security strategies and determining comprehensive steps to defend against cyber attacks; its types and the scale of counter-measures, as well as devising the rules of law. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Iskandar Iskandar

The Qur'an introduces Islam as ad din, therefore, Islam is not just a "religion" in the narrow sense, but covers all aspects of human life. in ad-din al Islam, humans are required to menggayutkan all its activities, either born or spiritual to the supreme absolute reality, that is God Almighty. Being a Muslim, meaning, expression forever subservient and obedient to Allh SWT, devote yourself to Him.The teachings of Islam, he said, ordered to consider the interests of minorities, recognize their rights, especially all the rights included in the circle of human rights. in the concept of this country as the reference is the Qur'an and Sunnah. Thus requiring an ijtihad to review it.Countries in the Islamic perspective, if explored further in fact no concept of the state in the Qur'an Q.S. Ali Imran (3): 140, Q.S. Al-Hashr (59): 7, Q.S. Al Bagarah (2): 213, Q.S. Shura (42): 38, Q.S. An Nisa (4), while the Government of the Prophet with a combination of the people of the Ansar and muhajrin an early milestone of unity and brotherhood, as well as other people are tribes that are in the Medina area in conducting their activities as social beings with their charter Medina. This union covers all aspects of life.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
Rupi'i Amri

Abstract: The tendency to apply sharia to the state or government by some Muslims is a very interesting new phenomenon in many Muslim countries. Several Muslim countries, such as Indonesia, Pakistan, Jordan, Sudan, Egypt, Morocco, Kuwait and Iran are examples of countries where "Islamist" groups want to implement sharia into government. Of course this desire raises different views from Islamic figures, some support and some oppose it. This paper seeks to find answers to the problems that arise from the views of supporters and opponents of the Islamic state, with the core of the problem are:  (1) seeking and knowing the concept of Islam and Caliphate in the Islamic political system; (2) explaining the government system according to historical perspective; namely in the era of the Prophet Muhammad and Khulafa ar-Rasyidin; and (3) explaining the relationship between religion and state in the concept of siyasa fiqh. The conceptual framework used in this paper is that there are two important things to be achieved in politics, namely (1) politics as anything related to state administration; and (2) politics as all activities directed to seek and maintain power in society. In relation to this, there is often a "tension" between groups that want to implement the Shari'ah into the rules of government with groups that oppose it. If the desires of the two groups cannot be met, then there is no possibility of various acts of violence in a country, and can even lead to a coup against the current government. Some findings from this study are that (1) System of government in an Islamic perspective is not clearly stated in the Quran and Sunnah so that Islamic political thinkers disagree over what government system must be applied in a nation state; (2) In a historical perspective, the system of government in the time of the Prophet Muhammad was more concerned with the substance of Islamic values into the system of state government. This can be seen rules of the Madina Constitution, while the government of the Khulafa ar-Rasyidin used a system of power of autocracy and monarchic dynasty; (3) Islamic political thinkers differ in their views on the relation between religion and state in the concept of siyasa fiqh into three groups, namely (1) religion and state must be integrated and cannot be separated because the state is a political and religious institution; (2) religion and state are not related at all because the Prophet Muhammad was only an ordinary prophet like the previous prophet with the single task of inviting people back to noble life; (3) religions and state relate reciprocally and need each other. Abstrak: Kecenderungan untuk menerapkan syariah Islam ke dalam negara atau pemerintahan oleh sebagian orang Islam merupakan gejala baru yang sangat menarik di banyak negara Muslim. Beberapa negara muslim, seperti Indonesia, Pakistan, Yordania, Sudan, Mesir, Maroko, Kuwait dan Iran merupakan contoh negara-negara di mana kelompok-kelompok “Islamis”-nya ingin menerapkan syariah ke dalam pemerintahan. Tentu saja keinginan tersebut menimbulkan pandangan yang berbeda-beda dari tokoh-tokoh Islam, sebagian ada yang mendukung dan sebagian lagi menentangnya. Tulisan ini berusaha untuk mencari jawaban terhadap permasalahan-permasalahan yang muncul dari pandangan para pendukung dan penentang  negara  syariah, dengan inti permasalahannya adalah : (1) mencari dan mengetahui konsep Islam dan Kekhalifahan dalam sistem politik Islam; (2) menjelaskan sistem pemerintahan dalam perspektif historis, terutama pada masa Nabi Muhammad dan Khulafa ar-Rasyidin, dan (3) menjelaskan hubungan agama dan negara dalam konsep fiqh siyasah. Kerangka konseptual yang dipergunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah bahwa terdapat dua hal penting yang hendak dicapai dalam politik, yaitu       (1) politik sebagai segala yang berkaitan dengan penyelenggaraan negara; dan (2) politik sebagai segala kegiatan yang diarahkan untuk mencari dan mempertahankan kekuasaan dalam masyarakat. Dalam kaitannya dengan hal tersebut, seringkali terjadi “ketegangan” antara kelompok yang ingin menerapkan syari’ah ke dalam aturan-aturan pemerintahan dengan kelompok yang menentangnya. Apabila keinginan dari kedua kelompok tersebut tidak dapat dipertemukan, maka tidak menutup kemungkinan akan terjadi berbagai tindak kekerasan dalam suatu negara, dan bahkan dapat menimbulkan kudeta terhadap pemerintahan yang sedang berjalan. Beberapa temuan dari peneletian ini adalah (1) Sistem pemerintahan dalam perspektif Islam tidak disebutkan secara jelas dalam al-Quran dan Sunnah sehingga para pemikir politik Islam berbeda pendapat tentang sistem pemerintahan apa yang harus diterapkan ke dalam sebuah negara-bangsa (nation-state); (2) Dalam perspektif historis, sistem pemerintahan pada masa Nabi Muhammad lebih mementingkan substansi nilai-nilai Islam ke dalam sistem pemerintahan negara. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada aturan-aturan yang tertuang dalam Piagam Madinah, sedangkan pemerintahan pada masa Khulafa’ ar-Rasyidin menggunakan sistem “autocratic power” (kekuatan autokrasi) dan a dynastic monarchy” (dinasti monarkhi); (3) Para pemikir politik Islam berbeda pandangan dalam menyikapi relasi agama dan negara dalam konsep fiqh siyasah menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu pertama, agama dan negara harus terintegrasi dan tidak dapat dipisahkan sebab negara merupakan lembaga politik dan sekaligus keagamaan, kedua, antara agama dan negara tidak berhubungan sama sekali (terpisah) karena Nabi Muhammad hanyalah seorang Rasul biasa seperti halnya rasul-rasul sebelumnya, dengan tugas tunggal mengajak manusia kembali kepada kehidupan yang mulia, ketiga, agama dan negara berhubungan secara timbal balik dan saling membutuhkan.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-403
Author(s):  
Ahidul Asror

This article seeks to reveal Kiai Muchith Muzadi’s thought on the Islamic nationalism in Indonesia. It deals with a number of issues such as state form, the meaning of politics within nation-state life, and the relation of Islam and Pancasila. The article also attempts to answer problematic discourse on contemporary Islam which, within recent decades, (re)rises the principles of nationalism into public discussion. Muchith argues that Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI/The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia) has been an ultimate state form for the Indonesian people. Therefore, this is a duty for the Indonesian Muslims, as Indonesia’s majority inhabitant, to actively take a role and involve themselves in guarding Indonesia and its unity. Muchith also sees no relevant necessary to replace the state form with other systems such as khilāfah and Islamic state. To him, politics is a mere means to fight for interests carried out with Islamic principles coupled with nationalism values in order to establish national integration and achieve the shared ideals. Muchith maintains that Pancasila along with its values is compatible with Islam and this is why the Indonesian Muslims should accept it as the state ideology.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
Ni Komang Rosi Triana Ayu Nuratih ◽  
I Ketut Kasta Arya Wijaya ◽  
Ida Ayu Putu Widiati

Health is an important aspect and become a measure of the welfare of the people of a country. The development of national development, one of them is in the health sector, must be in accordance with and based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to reveal the government's responsibility for handling Covid-19 patients and legal protection for Covid-19 patients medical services in the hospital. The research method used is normative. The assessment is carried out by means of a literature study which is specifically related to law in the health sector. The data sources used were prmiary, secondary and tertiary sources and were analyzed systematically. The result of this research indicates that the responsibility of the government for Covid-19 patients provides rights to patients regulated in related regulations. If the government and parties who violate the rights that should be received by Covid-19 patients, they can be subject to sanctions in accordance with applicable regulations. Legal protection or the issuance of legal rules regarding the rights of Covid-19 patients aims to protect the community itself.


Cepalo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Natasha Marcella Geovanny ◽  
Marchelina Theresia ◽  
Devina Felicia Widjaja

The control of land by the state is stated in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945). Based on this article, it means that the State has authority over land tenure, this encourages the writing of a journal on the application of social functions and the determination of compensation that occurs in the land sector. This research was conducted because the authors see that there are still many disputes related to the implementation of the social function itself and the application of the determination of compensation as stipulated in the provisions relating to this matter it is caused because the application in real life has not been running optimally. This study aims to find out how the government’s authority should be for land tenure and its relation to social functions and the determination of compensation. The location used as a case study is located in Batu Jaya Village, Tangerang City. Data collection is done by interviewing several related parties and also conducting a literature study by finding sources related to government authority over land tenure, the concept of social functions, and the determination of compensation. The results of this study indicate that the government has the power to grant land rights and revoke land rights in the public interest.


Author(s):  
Nyoman Arif Budiman

This journal shall be entitled as " Implementation Of Public Interest Principles To Neglected Land In Indonesia".The existence of the land on earth must be beneficial both for the welfare and happiness that has it and for the people and the state. The purpose of this study is to know and understand the absolute limits of property rights to land; and want to understand the relationship between the principle of public interest in land. The method in this research is normative by using  conceptual  approach and statute approach. This journal’s preparation is done by legal research, and the approach method being used in this journal shall be used is the combination of the statute approach and the conceptual approach. The result of this research is the essence of the principle of public interest to the land is to create development based on the principle of humanity in the balance as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The exemption of land rights is caused by public and private interest with the provision of compensation and guided by the principle of musyawarah. While the revocation of land rights is the spirit of the provisions of Article 18 of the Basic Agrarian Laws states that for the interest of the state and the state and the common interest of the people of the right to land may be revoked by compensation. The legal effort that a third party can take to exploit the state land (abandoned land) is to apply the right to the government (Provincial or Regency / City Land Office). Jurnal ini mengambil julul “Penerapan Prinsip Kepentingan Umum Terhadap Terlantar. Keberadaan atas tanah di muka bumi ini  harus bermanfaat baik bagi kesejahteraan dan kebahagiaan yang mempunyainya maupun bagi masyarakat dan negara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah ingin mengetahui dan memahami batas-batas absolut dari hak milik  terhadap tanah; dan ingin memahami hubungan antara prinsip kepentingan umum atas tanah. Jurnal ini mengangkat permasalahan yang juga menjadi tujuan penulisan yaitu apa hakikat kepentingan umum atas tanah dan apa upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh pihak ketiga terhadap tanah terlantar. Penyusunan jurnal ini dilakukan dengan tipe penelitian normatif dan menggunakan pendekatan peaturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Hakekat dari prinsip kepentingan umum terhadap tanah ialah untuk menciptakan pembangunan yang berlandaskan asas perikemanusiaan dalam keseimbangan sebagaimana diatur dalam UUD NRI tahun 1945. Pembebasan hak atas tanah disebabkan oleh kepentingan umum dan swasta dengan pemberian ganti rugi dan berpedoman pada asas musyawarah. Sedangkan pencabutan hak atas tanah merupakan semangat dari ketentuan Pasal 18 UUPA menggariskan bahwa untuk kepentingan bangsa dan negara serta kepentingan bersama (hanya untuk kepentingan umum) dari rakyat hak atas tanah dapat dicabut dengan memberikan ganti kerugian. Upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan pihak ketiga untuk dapat memanfaatkan tanah negara (tanah terlantar) ialah melakukan permohonan hak kepada kepada pemerintah (Kantor Pertanahan Provinsi atau Kabupaten/Kota).


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Cut Asmaul Husna TR

Kondisi tatanan tektonik dan geologi Aceh memiliki prospek untuk dilakukan eksplorasi dan pengembangan serta produksi Minyak dan Gas Bumi, baik di Wilayah Darat maupun di Wilayah Laut. Penemuan cadangan Minyak dan Gas baru di Aceh diharapkan dapat meningkatkan Penerimaan Negara dan Penerimaan Pemerintah Aceh dalam membangun infrastruktur dan Ketahanan Energi Aceh untuk melahirkan kembali industri-industri skala internasional. Ketentuan dalam Pasal 3 Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2015 Tentang Pengelolaan Bersama Sumber Daya Alam Minyak dan Gas Bumi di Aceh, kewenangan pengelolaan Migas pada Wilayah Laut 12 (dua belas) sampai dengan 200 (dua ratus) mil laut yang merupakan Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE) dikelola dan dilaksanakan Pemerintah Pusat dengan mengikutsertakan Pemerintah Aceh. Tafsir dalam 3 (tiga) Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 002/PUU-I/2003, 20/PUU-V/2007 dan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 36/PUU-X/2012 tentang Uji Materiil Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak dan Gas Bumi terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 bahwa penguasaan negara terhadap sumber daya alam dan cabang-cabang produksi yang penting bagi negara dan menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak dimaknai sebagai mandat yang harus dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah untuk mengadakan kebijakan (beleid), pengurusan (bestuursdaad), pengaturan (regelendaad), pengelolaan (beheersdaad), dan pengawasan (toezichthoudensdaad) untuk tujuan sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat.Conditions of tectonic and geological structure in Aceh prospect for explorating and producing Oil and Natural Gas, either in onshore or offshore. The discovery of Oil and Gas news reserved in Aceh is expected to increase the Central Government Take and Aceh Government Take to build infrastructure and Aceh’s Energy Security to regenerate industries on an international scale. The provisions in Article 3 of the Government Regulation Number 23 Year 2015 concerning Joint Management of Natural Resources Oil and Gas in Aceh, the joint management authority of Oil and Gas in Offshore 12 (twelve) to 200 (two hundreds) nautical miles of an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is managed and held by the Central Government to include the Government Aceh. Commentary within 3 (three) Decision of Constitutional Court Number 002/PUU-I/2003, 20/PUU-V/2007 and Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 36/PUU-X/2012 of Judicial Review of Law Number 22 Year 2001 concerning Oil and Gas (Oil and Gas Law) Against the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia the meaning of “controlled by the state” must be comprehended to include the meaning of a wide-ranging state occupation, as a result of the people’s sovereignty concept. The people, collectively constructed by the 1945 Constitution, provide a mandate to the state to conduct policy (beleid) and functions of administration (bestuurdaad), regulation (regelendaad), management (beheersdaad) and supervision (toezichthoudensdaad) for the greatest prosperity of the people.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Rudi Santoso ◽  
Agus Hermanto

The many threats of radicalization in the middle of society, the demonstration actions that often ask for the application of certain ideologies within the state of Indonesia, the conflict between ethnic, religious, racial and custom makes the tranquility of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika society to be threatened and the erosion of values Pancasila among the younger generation that endanger the survival of the Indonesian nation.The problem of this research is how the Political Law of the State in the concept and context of Pancasila and Diversity in defending the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and How the Strength of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia Based on Pancasila and Unity in Diversity and How Radicalism and Threat Against the Unity of the Unitary Republic State Indonesia.This research uses normative juridical approach method, then data collection procedure is done by literature study, data processing procedure is done by data classification, data inventory, systematization of data, and data analysis is done by qualitative method.The result of the research, the politics of constitutional law in the concept and context of Pancasila and Diversity in defending the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia in accordance with the nationalist ideology set forth in the 1945 Constitution, the power of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and Diversity is based on the strength of local wisdom from all elements of the nation Indonesia, radicalism and threats to the unity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia through the strengthening of national insight among the younger generation and the people and leaders of the nation and state apparatus.Suggestion in this research, expected to government can reinforce study of nationality and education of Pancasila and Diversity, to Indonesian society.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutiara

The principle is a norm or value that is agreed universally. The basic principles of the electoral law is needed in order to run the state administration system in Islam which is very dynamic and moves quickly.This study attempted to formulate some basic principles of the laws of political Islam from the perspective of the Quran which is the law of political Islam (fiqh siyasah) is a law that continues to grow rapidly and dynamically, This development requires a knowledge of the basic principles of what defined the scholars in the field siyasah so that the legal development of political Islam does not out of the track and norms that have been agreed upon, both in terms of theory and application.According to Islam, the operating mechanism of the government and constitutional refers to Shari'ah principles which is derived from the Quran and Hadits. The principles of the Islamic state in any of these are basic principles that refer to the clear and unequivocal texts of Shari'ah, and there are additional principles that is conclution and included to fiqh siyasah or Islamic constitutional law.Legal principles of political Islam that has been described by experts on political Islam in various references are very varied, but the study to the principles siyasah and administration of the state in the Qur'an can be formulated seven basic principles of the electoral law of Islam. namely: 1). The principle of sovereignty; 2). The principle of justice; 3). The principle of syura and consensus'; 4). The principle of equality; 5). The principle of the rights and obligations of the state and the people; 6). The principle of amar ma’ruf nahi munkar. Abstrak: Kajian ini  bertujuan merumuskan prinsip dasar hukum politik Islam menurut perspektif Al-Quran mengingat hukum politik Islam (fiqh siyasah) adalah hukum yang terus berkembang dengan cepat dan dinamis, Perkembangan ini memerlukan pengetahuan tentang prinsip-prinsip dasar apa yang dirumuskan para ulama dalam bidang siyasah sehingga perkembangan hukum politik Islam tidak lari dari rel dan norma standar yang telah disepakati. Menurut Islam, mekanisme operasional pemerintahan dan ketatanegaran mengacu pada prinsip-prinsip syari’ah yang bersumber dari Al-Quran dan Hadis. Prinsip-prinsip negara dalam Islam tersebut ada yang berupa prinsip-prinsip dasar yang mengacu pada teks-teks syari’ah yang jelas dan tegas, dan ada pula prinsip-prinsip tambahan yang merupakan kesimpulan dan termasuk ke dalam fiqh siyasah atau Hukum ketatanegaraan dalam Islam. Prinsip-prinsip hukum politik Islam yang telah diuraikan oleh para pakar politik Islam dalam berbagai referensi sangat variatif, dalam kajian ini prinsip-prinsip siyasah dan penyelenggaraan negara dalam Alquran dapat diformulasikan tujuh prinsip dasar hukum politik Islam. yaitu :  1). Prinsip kedaulatan; 2). Prinsip keadilan; 3). Prinsip musyawarah dan Ijma’; 4). Prinsip persamaan; 5). Prinsip hak dan kewajiban negara dan rakyat; 6). Prinsip amar ma’ruf nahi munkar. Kata kunci: Prinsip Dasar, Politik Islam


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