scholarly journals PEREMAJAAN BIBIT RUMPUT LAUT Gracilaria verrucosa HASIL KULTUR JARINGAN MELALUI SELEKSI MASSA

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Sri Redjeki Hesti Mulyaningrum ◽  
Andi Indra Jaya Asaad ◽  
Hidayat Suryanto Suwoyo ◽  
Erfan Andi Hendrajat
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Gracilaria Verrucosa ◽  
External Control ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Line System ◽  
Agar Yield ◽  
Long Line

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji performa bibit rumput laut Gracilaria verrucosa hasil kultur jaringan yang diremajakan dengan metode seleksi massa. Penelitian dilaksanakan di tambak percobaan Marana, Maros, Sulawesi Selatan; menggunakan dua petakan tambak berukuran sekitar 2.500 m2. Seleksi dilakukan berdasarkan perhitungan laju pertumbuhan harian (LPH), menggunakan sistem long line selama dua siklus dengan durasi 30 hari/siklus. Bibit rumput laut hasil seleksi kemudian dipelihara dengan sistem tebar dasar dan dibandingkan dengan kontrol internal dan kontrol eksternal dengan memasang sembilan unit hapa berukuran 1 m x 1 m x 1 m, dengan tiga ulangan untuk masing-masing perlakuan. Perhitungan LPH, kandungan agar, dan kekuatan gel dilakukan setiap 30 hari dan setiap 15 hari dilakukan monitoring terhadap kualitas air yakni salinitas, suhu, nitrat, dan fosfat. Hasil yang diperoleh memperlihatkan adanya peningkatan LPH yang signifikan (P<0,05) dari siklus-I (2,67 ± 0,38%/hari) menjadi (3,56 ± 0,25%/hari) pada siklus-II, dengan respons seleksi sebesar 21,48%-22,34% dan diferensial seleksi sebesar 9,70%-10,16%. Pertumbuhan rumput laut hasil seleksi lebih tinggi (3,23 ± 0,50%/hari) dibandingkan dengan kontrol internal (2,12 ± 0,02%/hari), dan kontrol eksternal (1,69 ± 0,09%/hari) (P<0,05). Kontrol internal memiliki kandungan agar yang lebih tinggi (20,07 ± 12,97%) dari rumput laut hasil seleksi (16,07 ± 1,58%) dan kontrol eksternal (8,29 ± 1,69%) (P<0,05); namun hasil seleksi memiliki kekuatan gel yang lebih tinggi (761,15 ± 208,90 g/cm2) dari kontrol internal (322,44 ± 244,29 g/cm2), dan kontrol eksternal (297,42 ± 44,16 g/cm²) (P<0,05). Peremajaan bibit rumput laut hasil kultur jaringan dengan metode seleksi massa mampu meningkatkan performa bibit rumput laut G. verrucosa.This study was aimed to determine the performance of tissue-cultured seaweed seed Gracilaria verrucosa, which was propagated using mass selection method. The study was conducted in the experimental ponds in Marana, Maros,  South Sulawesi. The mass selection was conducted in two ponds of 2,500 m2. The selection was made by culturing the seaweed seed using the long line system for two cycles in 30 days/cycle duration during which the daily growth rates (DGR) of seaweed seeds were measured. The selected seaweed seeds were then cultivated in the ponds using broadcast system and the growth was compared with the internal and external controls consisted of nine units of 1 m x 1 m x 1 m hapa, with three replications for each treatment (selected seed, internal control, and external control). The measurements of DGR, agar yield, and gel strength were conducted every 30 days, while water quality monitoring i.e. salinity, temperature, nitrate, and phosphate were conducted every 15 days. The results showed that the DGR of seaweed seed increased significantly (P<0.05) from 2.67 ± 0.38%/day in cycle-I to 3.56 ± 0.25%/day in cycle-II, the selection response was 21.48%-22.34% and the differential selection was 9.70%-10.16%. The daily growth rate of selected seaweed seed was significantly higher (3.23 ± 0.50%/day) (P<0.05) compared to internal (2.12 ± 0.02%/day) and external controls (1.69 ± 0.09%/day). Internal control has higher agar yield (20.07 ± 12.97%) compared to the selected seed (16.07 ± 1.58%) and external control (8.29 ± 1.69%) (P<0,05). The selected seed has higher gel strength (761.15 ± 208.90 g/cm2) compared to internal control (322.44 ± 244.29 g/cm2), and external control (297.42 ± 44.16 g/cm2) (P<0,05). Propagated tissue-cultured seaweed seed using the  mass selection method could improve the overall performance of seaweed seed. 

scholarly journals EVALUASI PERFORMA BIBIT RUMPUT LAUT Gracilaria verrucosa HASIL KULTUR JARINGAN DI KABUPATEN LUWU, SULAWESI SELATAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Makmur Makmur ◽  
Sri Redjeki Hesti Mulyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Stocking Density ◽  
Gracilaria Verrucosa ◽  
Culture Period ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
The Third ◽  
Agar Yield ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Graphical Visualization ◽  
Production Cycles

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performa bibit rumput laut Gracilaria verrucosa. hasil kultur jaringan yang dibudidayakan di salah satu daerah sentra produksi rumput laut di Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Murante Kecamatan Suli Kabupten Luwu, Sulawesi Selatan pada 2014 selama tiga siklus pemeliharaan dengan lama pemeliharaan 40 hari/siklus. Luasan tambak yang digunakan pada siklus pertama adalah 1,2 ha; siklus kedua 2 ha; dan siklus ketiga 4 ha. Sebagai perlakuan adalah bibit rumput laut hasil kultur jaringan dibandingkan dengan rumput laut lokal sebagai kontrol. Padat penebaran bibit rumput laut adalah 1.000 kg/ha yang dipelihara dengan metode tebar dasar. Penimbangan rumput laut dilakukan pada awal dan akhir penelitian untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan harian (LPH) dan produksi, sedangkan kandungan agar dianalisis setelah panen. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk grafik dan tabel. Dari tiga siklus budidaya menunjukkan bahwa bibit rumput laut hasil kultur jaringan memiliki performa pertumbuhan, produksi, dan kandungan agar yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan bibit rumput laut lokal dengan perbedaan masing-masing 12,1%; 17,8%; dan 6,7%. Pertumbuhan tertinggi terjadi pada siklus kedua, sedangkan kandungan agar tertinggi terjadi pada siklus ketiga baik pada bibit hasil kultur jaringan maupun bibit lokal. Bibit rumput laut Gracilaria sp. hasil kultur jaringan dapat dijadikan alternatif sumber bibit yang berkualitas.This study was aimed to evaluate the performance of G. verrucosa seaweed seed produced from tissue culture and cultivated at the seaweed production center in Murante Village Suli District Luwu Regency South Sulawesi in 2014. The seeds were cultivated for three production cycles, with each cycle lasted for 40 days. The first culture period was conducted in 1.2 ha, the second in 2 ha, and the third in 4 ha of pond areas. The treatments consisted of two different seaweed seed sources, i.e: tissue cultured seaweed seed and local seaweed as a control. The seaweed stocking density used was 1.000 kg/ha cultivated using broadcast method. The daily growth rate (DGR) and biomass as production indicators were measured at the initial and the end of the culture period. The agar yield was measured after harvest. The data were analyzed descriptively and presented in graphical visualization and data tabulation. The present study showed that tissue cultured seaweed had a higher performance in terms of growth, biomass production, and agar yield with the values of 12.1%, 17.8%, and 6.7%, respectively, than that of the local seedling. The highest DGR was produced at the second cycle, and the highest agar yield was measured at the third cycle for both of seaweed seedlings. Given this result, tissue cultured seaweed can be an alternative source of quality seeds.

scholarly journals PERFORMA RUMPUT LAUT Kappaphycus alvarezii HASIL SELEKSI DI PERAIRAN LAIKANG KABUPATEN TAKALAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Mat Fahrur ◽  
Andi Parenrengi ◽  
Makmur Makmur ◽  
Sri Redjeki Hesti Mulyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Carrageenan Yield ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Peremajaan bibit melalui seleksi dapat dilakukan untuk perbaikan kualitas bibit rumput laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan performa bibit rumput laut K. alvarezii hasil seleksi varietas Takalar, SIRICA, dan Bali. Desain penelitian adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dengan empat siklus pemeliharaan sebagai ulangan. Seleksi bibit dilakukan pada ketiga varietas dengan bibit non-seleksi sebagai kontrol internal. Pemeliharaan dilakukan di perairan Laikang, Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan selama empat siklus dengan durasi 30 hari/siklus. Pengukuran laju pertumbuhan harian (LPH), kandungan karagenan, kekuatan gel, dan monitoring kualitas air dilakukan setiap 30 hari. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seleksi bibit berpengaruh signifikan terhadap LPH rumput laut (P<0,05). Rumput laut hasil seleksi memiliki LPH lebih tinggi, yakni: Bali (4,75 ± 0,04%/hari), SIRICA (4,74 ± 0,06%/hari), dan Takalar (4,62 ± 0,12%/hari) dibandingkan dengan kontrol internal Bali (3,94 ± 0,15%/hari), SIRICA (3,74 ± 0,10%/hari), dan Takalar (3,66 ± 0,32%/hari). Rumput laut hasil seleksi varietas Bali dan SIRICA memiliki kandungan karagenan yang relatif sama yakni (37,27 ± 6,68%) dan (37,08 ± 7,17%). Varietas Takalar memiliki kandungan karagenan yang rendah (31,84 ± 5,32%) namun memiliki kekuatan gel yang paling tinggi (570,03 ± 145,72 g/cm²) dibandingkan varietas Bali (444,39 ± 157,44 g/cm²) dan SIRICA (438,48 ± 72,70 g/cm²).Regeneration by selection method can improve the quality of seaweed seed. This study was aimed to determine the performance of selected seaweed seeds of K. alvarezii from Takalar, SIRICA, and Bali varieties. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four cycles cultivations as replications. In each variety, a batch of non-selected/regular seeds was cultivated serving as internal control. The seaweed was cultivated in Laikang waters, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi for 30 days for each cycle. The measurements of daily growth rate (DGR), carrageenan yield, gel strength, and water quality were conducted every 30 days. The collected data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that the selected seeds showed faster growth than that of its respective control (P<0.05). The selected seed of three varieties of K. alvarezii had higher DGR: Bali (4.75 ± 0.04%/day), SIRICA (4.74 ± 0.06%/day), and Takalar (4.62 ± 0.12%/day) than that of control varieties, Bali (3.94 ± 0.15%/day), SIRICA (3.74 ± 0.10%/day), and Takalar (3.66 ± 0.32%/day). The selected seeds of Bali and SIRICA had similar carrageenan content (37.27 ± 6.68%) and (37.08 ± 7.17%), respectively. Takalar had the lowest carrageenan yield (31.84 ± 5.32) but had the highest gel strength (570.03 ± 145.72 g/cm²) compared to Bali (444.39 ± 157.44 g/cm²) and SIRICA (438.48 ± 72.70 g/cm²).

scholarly journals PERFORMA BIBIT RUMPUT LAUT Gracilaria verrucosa HASIL KULTUR JARINGAN DENGAN BUDIDAYA METODE SEBAR (BROADCAST) DI TAMBAK KABUPATEN SINJAI

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Rosmiati Rosmiati ◽  
Harlina Harlina ◽  
Emma Suryati ◽  
Rohama Daud ◽  
Herlinah Herlinah
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Gracilaria Verrucosa ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Gel Content ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Significant Difference

Rumput laut Gracilaria verrucosa asal Kabupaten Sinjai memiliki kualitas paling rendah di antara semua sentra produksi Gracilaria sp. di Sulawesi Selatan. Hal ini salah satunya dikarenakan oleh bibit yang buruk. Penyediaan benih rumput laut yang berkualitas dapat dilakukan salah satunya dengan penggunaan bibit hasil kultur jaringan. Perbanyakan bibit Gracilaria verucosa dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode tali panjang long line maupun metode sebar (broadcast) di tambak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui respons pertumbuhan, kandungan agar, dan kekuatan gel (gel strength) dari bibit G. verucosa hasil kultur jaringan di tambak Kabupaten Sinjai. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan dua perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu perlakuan A (bibit kultur jaringan) dan B (bibit lokal) dengan berat awal masing-masing 10 kg. Pemeliharaan bibit dengan metode sebar dilakukan selama 30 hari. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan harian (DGR), kandungan agar dan gel strength bibit kultur jaringan dan bibit lokal menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05). Secara kuantitas hasil produksi bibit hasil kultur jaringan memiliki pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi daripada bibit lokal dengan berat akhir bibit 44,3 ± 4,16 kg hasil kultur jaringan dan 33,0 ± 4,35 kg lokal dengan DGR 4,97% bobot/hari (kultur jaringan) dan 3,90% bobot/hari (lokal). Secara kualitas bibit hasil kultur jaringan lebih baik dari bibit lokal, ditunjukkan dengan persentase kandungan agar bibit hasil kultur jaringan lebih tinggi daripada bibit lokal dengan rendemen agar 22,19 ± 2,45% (kultur jaringan) dan 16,50 ± 0,96% (lokal), sementara gel strength sebesar 204,20 ± 0,45 g/cm2 (hasil kultur jaringan) dan 128,10 ± 1,55 g/cm2 (bibit lokal).Seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa from Sinjai Regency has the lowest quality among all Gracilaria sp. Production centers in South Sulawesi due to the low quality of the seed. The seed quality can be improved using seed selection, followed by tissue-culture methods. Long-line and broadcast methods in brackishwater ponds are the efficient seaweed culture techniques to multiply the number of Gracilaria verrucosa seeds. This research was aimed to determine growth performance, gel content, and gel strength of seeds produced from tissue-culture and local seaweed farming. The experiment consisted of two treatments: treatment A (cells culture seed) and B (local seed) with the initial weight of 10 kg, each has three replicates. Both seeds were stocked and reared in the ponds using the broadcast method for 30 days. The results of DGR, gel content and gel strength showed a significant difference between tissue-cultured and local seeds (P<0.05). The tissue-cultured seed had better growth than the local seed with 4.97% mass/day for tissue-cultured seed and 3.90 mass/day for local seed. The tissue-culture seed also had better quality in agar content and gel strength. The agar content of tissue-cultured was 22.19 ± 2.45% and the local was 16.50 ± 0.96%. The gel strength of tissue-culture was 204.20 ± 0.45 g/cm2, and the local was 128.10 ± 1.55 g/cm2.

scholarly journals Growth, Agar Yield and Water Quality Variables Affecting Mass Propagation of Tissue Cultured Seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa in Pond

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Sri Redjeki Hesti Mulyaningrum ◽  
Hidayat Suryanto Suwoyo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Gracilaria Verrucosa ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Agar Yield ◽  
Water Quality Variables

Mass propagation of tissue culture produced seaweed seedling was conducted in the pond. The present study aims to evaluate the growth of tissue culture produced seaweed seedling of Gracilaria verrucosa, its agar yield and related water quality variables during propagation in pond. The seedling propagation was conducted in pond using long line method for 9 cycles (30 days per cycle). The daily growth rate was calculated by weighing 30% of the total amount of seaweed at ropes line every 15 days. Agar yield was analyzed every 30 days in hot water extraction method. Water quality monitoring was conducted every 15 days. The data of daily growth rate and agar yield were analyzed descriptively. A simple linear regression analysis was conducted in order to analyze the relationship between growth and agar yield as well relationship between water quality variables, growth and agar yield. The result showed that the average daily growth rate of nine cycles was 3.38±1.49%. The highest agar yield was yielded from cycle II (27.84±1.60%) and the lowest was in cycle I (10.30%±2.15). There is no relationship between daily growth rate and agar yield (R2=0.055). Daily growth rate was mostly influenced by phosphate (P<0.05), nitrate (P<0.05), salinity (P<0.05) and light penetration (P<0.05). Meanwhile, agar yield was mostly influenced by temperature (P<0.05) and light penetration (P<0.05). Present study promising for seaweed G. verrucosa mass cultivation of tissue culture product which is a feasible alternative method to supply seaweed seedlings in seaweed farming development.  Keywords: growth, agar yield, G. verrucosa, tissue culture, water quality

Impact of the Locus of Causality and Internal Control on the Social Utility of Causal Explanations

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Perrin ◽  
Benoît Testé
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
External Control ◽  
Job Interview ◽  
Locus Of Causality ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Professional Success ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types

Research into the norm of internality ( Beauvois & Dubois, 1988 ) has shown that the expression of internal causal explanations is socially valued in social judgment. However, the value attributed to different types of internal explanations (e.g., efforts vs. traits) is far from homogeneous. This study used the Weiner (1979 ) tridimensional model to clarify the factors explaining the social utility attached to internal versus external explanations. Three dimensions were manipulated: locus of causality, controllability, and stability. Participants (N = 180 students) read the explanations expressed by appliants during a job interview. They then described the applicants on the French version of the revised causal dimension scale and rated their future professional success. Results indicated that internal-controllable explanations were the most valued. In addition, perceived internal and external control of explanations were significant predictors of judgments.

scholarly journals Location, Location, Location: The Role of Objective Neighborhood Characteristics for Perceptions of Control

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Johanna Drewelies ◽  
Peter Eibich ◽  
Sandra Düzel ◽  
Simone Kühn ◽  
Christian Krekel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
External Control ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Self Report Data

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Control beliefs can protect against age-related declines in functioning. It is unclear whether neighborhood characteristics shape how much control people perceive over their life. This article studies associations of neighborhood characteristics with control beliefs of residents of a diverse metropolitan area (Berlin, Germany). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We combine self-report data about perceptions of control obtained from participants in the Berlin Aging Study II (<i>N</i> = 507, 60–87 years, 51% women) with multisource geo-referenced indicators of neighborhood characteristics using linear regression models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Findings indicate that objective neighborhood characteristics (i.e., unemployment rate) are indeed tied to perceptions of control, in particular, how much control participants feel others have over their lives. Including neighborhood characteristics in part doubled the amount of explained variance compared with a reference model covarying for demographic characteristics only (from <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.017 to <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.030 for internal control beliefs; <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.056 to <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.102 for external control beliefs in chance; <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.006 to <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.030 for external control beliefs in powerful others). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Findings highlight the importance of access to neighborhood resources for control beliefs across old age and can inform interventions to build up neighborhood characteristics which might be especially helpful in residential areas with high unemployment.

Effectiveness of a Problem-Solving Training Program

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan W. Wege ◽  
André T. Möller
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
External Control ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
Problem Solvers

The relationship between problem-solving efficiency, defined in terms of the quality of alternative soludons selected, and measures of behavioral competence (self-efficacy and locus of control) was investigated as well as the effectiveness of a problem-solving training program. Subjects were 29 undergraduate students assigned to an effective ( n = 16) and an ineffective ( n = 13) problem-solving group. Analysis indicated that the ineffective problem-solvers appraised their problem-solving skills more negatively and reported low self-efficacy expectations and an external control orientation. Problem-solving training led to improved general self-efficacy expectancies, greater confidence in problem-solving, a more internal control orientation, and improved problem-solving skills. These improvements were maintained at follow-up after two months.

scholarly journals Responsibility and role of internal and external statutory auditors in extraordinary operations

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Rija
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Supervisory Board ◽  
External Control ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
Civil Responsibility ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Accounting Control ◽  
Work Done

In the current work, the figures and functions of the external statutory auditor and internal statutory auditor are analysed. Before examining this subject, the historical and critical periods which have characterized the history of the subjects concerned is recalled; from the beginning will be shown the historical and regulatory process of auditing rules (activities engaged in by these subjects). From the dedicated and practical study of several documents, it is shown that with the progress of time, internal control carried out by the supervisory board is supported by an external control by the auditors or an audit firm. Until the mid-70s, auditing control was voluntary and the companies, without any impositions, believed it preferable to remain anchored to a purely internal control rather than an audit company. The law 136/1975 which made the external accounting control by an auditing company compulsory is under control of the Consob and the Draghi law clearly distinguishes the roles carried out by the auditors and work done by the supervisory board. After alluding to the reform of the commercial law, which took place in 2003, the law 39/2010 is analysed, modified by the recent law 135/2016. Successively, civil, criminal and administrative responsibility of the external and internal statutory auditors are analysed since with the EU Recommendation of 2008 (2008/473/EC) the state members are encouraged to limit the civil responsibility making the auditors no longer unlimitedly and jointly responsible but responsible relatively to the damage caused in the first person. Finally, in a comparative context, a study is carried out on the effects of the recommendation in other European countries pointing out any dissimilarities/similarities from both the criminal and administrative aspect.

scholarly journals Lived Experience of Transportation Network Company Driver About the Causes of High-risk Driving Behaviors: A Thematic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Aref Shayganmehr ◽  
◽  
Fatemeh Hazratian ◽  
Robabeh Emrouzi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Human Life ◽  
World Health ◽  
External Control ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors

Background: Nowadays, industrialization, using cars and consequently traffic jams are part of human life which grows every day. Along with the expansion of communication and transportation speed, the number and severity of traffic accidents increases. According to the World Health Organization, traffic accidents are now recognized as the ninth cause of death worldwide. In Iran, traffic accidents after cardiovascular diseases are the second leading cause of death. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was designed and implemented to determine driver’s views and opinions in two cities of Warsaw, Poland, and Tabriz, Iran, about driver’s high-risk behaviors. This study was conducted using in-depth interviews with 27 drivers. The study results were divided into four main questions about driving behaviors, reasons for driving abnormal behaviors, the prevalence and causes of abnormal behaviors, and suggested measures to correct these behaviors. Results: The study results were divided into six main themes of driving norms, individual factors, social factors, external factors, driving skills, and driving laws. Our findings indicate that drivers are more likely to rely on individual skills in driving in unacceptable conditions. In other words, they ignore the rules and regulations. But, when driving in high standards conditions and good facilities, drivers accept the rules and prioritize them. Conclusion: Internal control should be considered a helpful complement to external control, and that external control provides the highest efficiency when it comes with internal control. To internalize norms and observe driving laws and regulations, the authors suggest removing obstacles such as distrust among drivers regarding the effectiveness of driving laws, unawareness of breaking the laws, lack of job satisfaction, low level of participation, and structural barriers. Also, roads and vehicle safety must be improved along with a better track of the drivers’ behavior.

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