scholarly journals Uwagi o podróży Juliana Ursyna Niemcewicza po Litwie w 1819 roku

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 266-275
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Chachaj ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Body ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
The Will

In 1819, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz took a journey around Lithuania. It was the sixth of his historical trips. The author summed up his observations of the state of Lithuania in following words: “How many dangerous, contagious diseases affect this part of the political body of our homeland!” The „plague” metaphor is developed further in the discussion. Niemcewicz describes “epidemics” that destroy society and the state, causing effects that are equally or more dangerous than material losses visible at first glance. He points to “plagues” resulting from political oppression and violence of invader on various levels of social life, as well as unwanted changes that dependent on the will of a man who succumbs to destructive influences.

The Israeli Coalition System

1975 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Z. Paltiel
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Political System ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
The Stability ◽  
State Of Israel

ANALYSTS OF THE ISRAELI POLITICAL SYSTEM HAVE COMMONLY attributed the stability of the polity to factors closely associated with the role played by the various Israeli parties in the state's economic and social life, and/or to the existence of a dominant, institutionalized state-building party. The consociational approach ought to help to clarify those factors which have maintained the stability of the coalition system which has governed the state of Israel since its establishment in 1948 and whose roots may be traced back as far as 1933 and even earlier.The consociational model and the theory of elite accommodation have been elaborated in an effort to explain the maintenance of continuing political stability in what at first glance would appear to be societies deeply divided along social, economic, ethnic, religious and ideological lines. Political stability in fragmented societies from this standpoint rests on the overarching commitment of the political elites to the preservation and maintenance of the system and their readiness to cooperate to this end.

scholarly journals Political will is a required condition effective combating corruption.

2020 ◽  
pp. 359-365
Author(s):  
Kvasha Oksana
Keyword(s):  
Political Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
The Will ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Government

Effective counteraction to corruption at all levels is not possible without the symbiosis of such components as influencing the causes and conditions of corruption, creating systemic anti-corruption legislation, its effective application to all without exception manifestations of corruption in all levels of state power. However, such a symbiosis can only produce a positive result if the political will of the state leadership is available. I would call it a "conditio sine qua non" (a condition without which there is) overcoming corruption in the country, because in Latin "conditio sine qua non" means "a necessary condition", a necessary condition for the result. Political will in combating corruption is not only the will of the political leader (head of state) as an individual, but also the will of individuals from his immediate environment. Only political will is capable of ensuring the effectiveness of all other necessary components of counteracting corruption. The political will of the leadership of the state is a conditio sine qua non of minimizing corruption in the country, that is, a condition without which effective counteraction to corruption and corruption crime in Ukraine is impossible. The presence of political will is a prerequisite in the chain of others who are not capable of effectively preventing the spread of corruption in the absence of political will of the government. No other political conditions, economic, social or legislative levers will succeed in reducing corruption. Therefore, a promising direction for further research on this issue is the development of a scientifically sound mechanism for political influence of the government on the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures in Ukraine.

“Marx and Political Theory”

1968 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Pranger
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Political System ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legitimate Authority ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political World ◽  
The Will

This is a political world of power and competition for power, together with, hopefully, the legitimate authority that goes with such power; a world where ability to dominate the will of others is prized either in itself or for other ends. Politics is associated with the quest for power, as an end or means. It is not surprising, therefore, that in looking at those thinkers in the past who have focused on human relationships and organized associations, commentators should be facinated with how they looked at domination, and also, secondarily, how they viewed freedom from such domination (for example, the limits of power). In the measure that these thinkers dealt with politics, one might say, they concerned themselves with power, authority, leadership, and, coincidentally, with freedom. put another way, what is typically “political” about their views about the “political system”; that is, how they looked at the process whereby valued goods are allocated authoritatively. This “system” includes formal, publlic institutional arrangements, such as the “State”, and processes within these institutions, such as “conflict” and“conciliation”.

scholarly journals Hygiène publique et construction de l’ Etat grec, 1833 - 1845

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αθανάσιος Μπαρλαγιάννης
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Complete System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
State Action ◽  
The Public ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
The Social ◽  
Of Greece

This study is about the organization of public hygiene in the kingdom of Greece between 1833, when prince Otto of Bavaria ascends to the throne, and 1845, when the political and epidemiological frontiers of the kingdom are traced by a complete system of lazarettos and sanitary offices. We will firstly analyze the structures of sanitary prevention in the interior of the country (vaccinators, public health doctors, municipal doctors) as well as at its frontiers, and then we will focus on the measures against contagious diseases (such as the plague and smallpox) and against miasmas. We are also interested in examining the main diseases that determine the mortality of the period under scrutiny and the medical theories that explain the applicable sanitary measures. At the same time, we will review some of the aspects of the classical distinction of Erwin Ackerknecht between contagionism and miasmatic theory. Finally, we will study the difficult formation of an official group of medical professionals. The interest in public hygiene imposes the study of the biological construction of the state and, subsequently, of the state itself. Public hygiene defines the threats which it tries to prevent, and it creates and secures the collectivity. In the Police State of thecameralist king Otto, these developments are controlled by the bureaucracy, the administration, the public force and the science of medical police. Its purpose is to construct and order the public space, the space of state action, which is natural as well as social. This action of ordering imposes the centralization of health and at the same time it normalizes the natural elements and the social forces so that they can coordinate without resistance; in other words, the action of ordering pacifies. Medical police controls these processes by reconfiguring the ties that bind individuals with each other and with the geography, the nature and their diseases.

scholarly journals The Jewish symbols

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-285
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Łoziński
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Jewish Culture ◽  
Religious Symbols ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Political Value ◽  
State Of Israel

Abstract In every culture, people have always used symbols giving them sense and assigning them a specific meaning. Over the centuries, with the passage of time religious symbols have mingled with secular symbols. The charisms of Judaism have mutually intermingled with the Christian ones taking on a new tribal or national form with influences of their own culture. The aim of this article is to analyze and determine the influence of Judaic symbols on religious and social life of the Jews. The article indicates the sources of symbols from biblical times to the present day. I analyzed the symbols derived from Jewish culture, and those borrowed within the framework of acculturation with other communities as well. By showing examples of the interpenetration of cultures, the text is an attempt to present a wide range of meanings symbols: from the utilitarian, through religious, to national ones. It also describes their impact on the religious sphere, the influence on nurturing and preserving the national-ethnic traditions, sense of identity and state consciousness. The political value of a symbol as one of the elements of the genesis of the creation of the state of Israel is also discussed.

scholarly journals Sur la soumission au pouvoir. Convergences et differences entre le Discours de la servitude volontaire d’Etienne de La Boétie et la pensée politique de Paul Ricœur

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-139
Author(s):  
Pierre-Olivier Monteil
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Paul Ricoeur ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
The People ◽  
Paul Ricœur ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Way

This study undertakes a reading of Etienne de La Boétie’s Discours de la servitude volontaire, endeavoring to bring to light the way it convergences with and diverges from the political thought of Paul Ricœur, around the central concept of the will. On the basis of the twin notions of “denaturation” and of “pathology,” a course unfolds which aims at helping establish the people, in comparison with the institution of the State, through a political process revitalised by friendship. But the two thinkers differ when it comes to the resources of the will. This is reflected in the notion of freedom, conceived as absolute in La Boetie, while Ricœur emphasizes its contingency, which leads him to thematize it in terms of capabilities.

Allegory vs Metaphor: Conceptualizing French Kingdom in the 14th — 15th Centuries

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8 (106)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Pavel Bychkov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cognitive Tools ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Female Figure ◽  
Political Body ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Philosophical Doctrine

The article deals with the strategies used by French medieval authors of the 14th — 15th centuries to comprehend the state and society with the help of cognitive tools like metaphor and allegory. Writers and poets of that period, such as Nicolas Oresme, Eustache Deschamps, Jean Gerson, Christina de Pisan and others, use the same expressive means in their works, but the means themselves can be expressions of different, even opposite ideas. The article considers the metaphor of the political body and the allegorical figure of France, which French thinkers most frequently resorted to. The metaphor of the body expresses the idea of the integrity of the state, the harmonious combination and functionality of all parts of society, thus helping to form a political and philosophical doctrine of the state structure. Allegory, on the other hand, as a certain personification of this body, outlines the state as a female figure, becoming the archetypal “damsel in distress” in order to form an identity and loyal feelings in the reader. Thus, this or that trope dictated the model for describing the state, and vice versa-the choice of this or that trope signified the desire to convey certain ideas to potential recipients.

ROLE OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL SYSTEM IN MODERN RUSSIA: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Vitaly Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
History Of

This scientific work was written because the theme of political parties is interesting to me. The reason for my interest in political parties is the relevance of this legal institution. As stated at the outset, it is the political parties that determine the political life of the state, and hence the economic and social life of the country. The purpose of my research is to study the degree of influence of political parties on the economy and social life, in the study of the essence of the influence of political parties on the life of the state. The scientific work examines the history of the emergence and development of political parties in Russia. In scientific work political parties of the Russian Federation, political parties of Latvia are considered, compared and correlated. Political systems of two different countries are compared and correlated. The purpose of this analysis is to identify the General rules and principles of development and existence of political parties.

Manzhou yuanliu kao and the Formalization of the Manchu Heritage

1987 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Kyle Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Classical Traditions

During the Qianlong period (1736–95) in China, knowledge of Manchu origins, much of which had been of a folk or informal character, was given documentary institutionalization—that is, incorporation into the Qing (1636–1912) imperial cultural mosaic by the act of writing something official about it. Much but by no means all of Manchu civilization was derived from Jurchen culture (tenth–seventeenth centuries), which was primarily a folk culture in which oral tradition, shamanic ritual, and clan custom were the mainstays of orderly social life. Inseparable from those folk traditions were elements of tribal rule that affected political life in many ways in the Later Jin (1616–35) and early Qing periods. To the extent that Manchu society retained the archaic forms through the Qing era, the folk heritage was brought into conflict with the political institutions and classical traditions of conquered China, especially the emperorship. The history of the Qing court and its relation to the Manchus may be viewed as the aggregate of the processes by which the dynasty attempted to resolve this conflict through formalization of the old culture. In its political aspects this meant the progressive bureaucratization, regulation, and depersonalization of the state in displacement of the personal, diffused authority that had once been vested by tradition in the clans and confederations. In its cultural and ideological facets, it meant the documentation of descent, myth, clan history, and shamanic practice; what had once been various and mystically obscure was now made visible, manageable, and standard.

scholarly journals Agama Dan Sekularisasi Pada Masyarakat Moderen

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
Ellya Rosana
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Moral Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
The Will ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
Religion And State

Religion in general can be interpreted as a belief system and religious practices based on some sacred and supernatural values that direct human behavior, give meaning to life, and unite followers into a moral community. Although it cannot be denied that all religions of various kinds and forms today have developed. Religion is also believed not only to talk about rituals but also to talk about values that must be concretized in social life, including in the realm of constitution, the demand that religious values be applied in the life of the state. Each believer believes that the teachings and values he adheres to must be upheld in the life of society and the state. The emergence of the demands of the concretization of religious values in the life of the state that led to a debate that has not been completed regarding the relations between the state and religion, including secularism that separates religion and state even though in secular society religion is not rejected at all, but religion must adjust the will of society .

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